Ansätze Einer Jüdisch-Arabischen Normalisierung in Israel. Arabische
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The Role of Ultra-Orthodox Political Parties in Israeli Democracy
Luke Howson University of Liverpool The Role of Ultra-Orthodox Political Parties in Israeli Democracy Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of the University of Liverpool for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy By Luke Howson July 2014 Committee: Clive Jones, BA (Hons) MA, PhD Prof Jon Tonge, PhD 1 Luke Howson University of Liverpool © 2014 Luke Howson All Rights Reserved 2 Luke Howson University of Liverpool Abstract This thesis focuses on the role of ultra-orthodox party Shas within the Israeli state as a means to explore wider themes and divisions in Israeli society. Without underestimating the significance of security and conflict within the structure of the Israeli state, in this thesis the Arab–Jewish relationship is viewed as just one important cleavage within the Israeli state. Instead of focusing on this single cleavage, this thesis explores the complex structure of cleavages at the heart of the Israeli political system. It introduces the concept of a ‘cleavage pyramid’, whereby divisions are of different saliency to different groups. At the top of the pyramid is division between Arabs and Jews, but one rung down from this are the intra-Jewish divisions, be they religious, ethnic or political in nature. In the case of Shas, the religious and ethnic elements are the most salient. The secular–religious divide is a key fault line in Israel and one in which ultra-orthodox parties like Shas are at the forefront. They and their politically secular counterparts form a key division in Israel, and an exploration of Shas is an insightful means of exploring this division further, its history and causes, and how these groups interact politically. -
The Success of an Ethnic Political Party: a Case Study of Arab Political Parties in Israel
University of Mississippi eGrove Honors College (Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors Theses Honors College) 2014 The Success of an Ethnic Political Party: A Case Study of Arab Political Parties in Israel Samira Abunemeh University of Mississippi. Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/hon_thesis Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Abunemeh, Samira, "The Success of an Ethnic Political Party: A Case Study of Arab Political Parties in Israel" (2014). Honors Theses. 816. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/hon_thesis/816 This Undergraduate Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College (Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College) at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Success of an Ethnic Political Party: A Case Study of Arab Political Parties in Israel ©2014 By Samira N. Abunemeh A thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for completion Of the Bachelor of Arts degree in International Studies Croft Institute for International Studies Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College The University of Mississippi University, Mississippi May 2014 Approved: Dr. Miguel Centellas Reader: Dr. Kees Gispen Reader: Dr. Vivian Ibrahim i Abstract The Success of an Ethnic Political Party: A Case Study of Arab Political Parties in Israel Israeli Arab political parties are observed to determine if these ethnic political parties are successful in Israel. A brief explanation of four Israeli Arab political parties, Hadash, Arab Democratic Party, Balad, and United Arab List, is given as well as a brief description of Israeli history and the Israeli political system. -
The National Left (First Draft) by Shmuel Hasfari and Eldad Yaniv
The National Left (First Draft) by Shmu'el Hasfari and Eldad Yaniv Open Source Center OSC Summary: A self-published book by Israeli playwright Shmu'el Hasfari and political activist Eldad Yaniv entitled "The National Left (First Draft)" bemoans the death of Israel's political left. http://www.fas.org/irp/dni/osc/israel-left.pdf Statement by the Authors The contents of this publication are the responsibility of the authors, who also personally bore the modest printing costs. Any part of the material in this book may be photocopied and recorded. It is recommended that it should be kept in a data-storage system, transmitted, or recorded in any form or by any electronic, optical, mechanical means, or otherwise. Any form of commercial use of the material in this book is permitted without the explicit written permission of the authors. 1. The Left The Left died the day the Six-Day War ended. With the dawn of the Israeli empire, the Left's sun sank and the Small [pun on Smol, the Hebrew word for Left] was born. The Small is a mark of Cain, a disparaging term for a collaborator, a lover of Arabs, a hater of Israel, a Jew who turns against his own people, not a patriot. The Small-ists eat pork on Yom Kippur, gobble shrimps during the week, drink espresso whenever possible, and are homos, kapos, artsy-fartsy snobs, and what not. Until 1967, the Left actually managed some impressive deeds -- it took control of the land, ploughed, sowed, harvested, founded the state, built the army, built its industry from scratch, fought Arabs, settled the land, built the nuclear reactor, brought millions of Jews here and absorbed them, and set up kibbutzim, moshavim, and agriculture. -
Dealing with Hamas
DEALING WITH HAMAS 26 January 2004 ICG Middle East Report N°21 Amman/Brussels TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 II. HAMAS: ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT.............................................................. 4 A. ORIGINS................................................................................................................................4 B. TRANSFORMATION................................................................................................................5 C. ASCENDANCY .......................................................................................................................6 D. THE CHALLENGE OF OSLO ....................................................................................................8 III. HAMAS AND THE POLITICS OF VIOLENCE ..................................................... 10 A. ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE ...........................................................................................10 B. THE HAMAS CHARTER ........................................................................................................11 C. HAMAS AND THE TWO-STATE SOLUTION ............................................................................13 D. HAMAS AND THE USES OF VIOLENCE ..................................................................................16 IV. OPTIONS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS.................................................................. -
The Nationalism of Exile Chapter 3 - the Critique of Zionism
The Nationalism of Exile Chapter 3 - The Critique of Zionism Eric Jacobson This manuscript is intended solely for the purposes of discussion at IU-Bloomington, April 25, 2014 and not for dissemination. 1 Please do not circulate. For questions, please contact: [email protected] Having been accused of indifference toward Jews and Judaism following the publication of Eichmann in Jerusalem (1963),2 it is remarkable to discover that for more than two decades Hannah Arendt was engaged with aspects of Jewish thought and culture that would not be unfamiliar to Jewish Studies today. Her writings from the late 1920s into the mid-1930s concerned German-Jewish intellectual history in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. She worked with the Zionist movement in France to help youth immigration to Palestine in the 1930s and she wrote extensively on Zionism in the 1940s. In the 1950s, her research culminated in a major work on Antisemitism, and its origins in colonialism and race theory, which she titled The Origins of Totalitarianism. She was an editor for arguably the most important Judaic publisher, Salman Schocken, and contributed to the publication in English of major figures in modern Jewish culture, including Gershom Scholem, Franz Kafka, Bernard Lazare, and Walter Benjamin.3 The publication of The Origins of Totalitarianism launched her academic career in the United States but with it came a deepening interest in political philosophy and a decline in Jewish matters. Two major disappointments contributed to this. The first was her disillusionment with Zionism for failing to resolve the Arab question. The second was the reception of her book 1 An earlier version of this chapter appeared as “The Zionism of Hannah Arendt 1941- 1948” in Judaism, Liberalism and Political Theology, edited by Randi Rashkover and Martin Kavka, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2014, pp. -
Israel: Background and US Relations
Israel: Background and U.S. Relations (name redacted) Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs October 28, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov RL33476 Israel: Background and U.S. Relations Summary Since Israel’s founding in 1948, successive U.S. Presidents and many Members of Congress have demonstrated a commitment to Israel’s security and to close U.S.-Israel cooperation. Perceptions of shared democratic values and religious affinities have contributed to strong bilateral ties. The question of Israel’s security regularly influences U.S. policy considerations regarding the Middle East, and Congress provides active oversight of executive branch dealings with Israel and other actors in the region. Israel is a leading recipient of U.S. foreign aid and a frequent purchaser of major U.S. weapons systems. By law, U.S. arms sales cannot adversely affect Israel’s “qualitative military edge” over other countries in its region. The two countries signed a free trade agreement in 1985, and the United States is Israel’s largest trading partner. Israel has many regional security concerns, and aligning U.S. and Israeli policies to address these concerns has presented persistent challenges. In a dangerous and uncertain regional environment, Israel regularly seeks assurance that the United States will bolster its regional security standing and self-defense capabilities. A new U.S.-Israel memorandum of understanding will provide Israel with $38 million in military assistance from FY2019 to FY2028, subject to congressional approval. In addition to concerns over Iran’s regional position that have increased despite or because of the 2015 international agreement on Iran’s nuclear program, Israel’s perceptions of security around its borders have changed since 2011 as several surrounding Arab countries have experienced political upheaval. -
How the ANC, the DA and the EFF Construct South Africa As a Nation
How the ANC, the DA and the EFF construct South Africa as a nation by Anja Koekemoer Thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Political Science in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Dr Ubanesia Adams-Jack December 2017 i Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third-party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Date: December 2017 Copyright © 2017 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved ii Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za ABSTRACT The ‘nation’ is a powerful social construct. How it is understood has significant consequences for a society and its people. Actors compete for the ability to define the ‘nation’ as a means to spread their views and influence. Consequently, the conceptualisation of the nation remains subject to discursive contest and susceptible to change. South Africa is no stranger to the nation being redefined. Pre-1994 South Africa was shaped by segregationist policies. During apartheid, race determined national identity and the relationship among racial groups. The different ethnic nations co-existed in the South African territory, but they did not do so as equals. Non-white populations were oppressed and exploited and this provoked a struggle, which culminated in the country’s liberation in the 1990s with a negotiated settlement. -
Imagining the Border
A WAshington institute str Ategic r eport Imagining the Border Options for Resolving the Israeli-Palestinian Territorial Issue z David Makovsky with Sheli Chabon and Jennifer Logan A WAshington institute str Ategic r eport Imagining the Border Options for Resolving the Israeli-Palestinian Territorial Issue z David Makovsky with Sheli Chabon and Jennifer Logan All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. © 2011 The Washington Institute for Near East Policy Published in 2011 in the United States of America by the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 1828 L Street NW, Suite 1050, Washington, DC 20036. Design by Daniel Kohan, Sensical Design and Communication Front cover: President Barack Obama watches as Israeli prime minister Binyamin Netanyahu and Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas shake hands in New York, September 2009. (AP Photo/Charles Dharapak) Map CREDITS Israeli settlements in the Triangle Area and the West Bank: Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics, 2007, 2008, and 2009 data Palestinian communities in the West Bank: Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, 2007 data Jerusalem neighborhoods: Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 2008 data Various map elements (Green Line, No Man’s Land, Old City, Jerusalem municipal bounds, fences, roads): Dan Rothem, S. Daniel Abraham Center for Middle East Peace Cartography: International Mapping Associates, Ellicott City, MD Contents About the Authors / v Acknowledgments / vii Settlements and Swaps: Envisioning an Israeli-Palestinian Border / 1 Three Land Swap Scenarios / 7 Maps 1. -
Extractos De Las, 1Esis De Mapam Para Su Proximg
7. "wwwo S ES2, EXTRACTOS DE LAS, 1ESIS DE MAPAM PARA SU PROXIMG CONGRES-0 PARTIDARIO UL cormt central del M4pam resolvi6 por una am- ndbotros y Jordania, St esta asociacift ocupara el plia mayoria en astiembre Vpd(Y, facultar a la lug" qua 110Y OCUPon I& guerra Y el odio, Erets direcel6n partidaria Pam que Ilevars a imbo, en umdad, tratativas direct" con el nuevo unsIsrael patris (Palastins), comfln Pam elpodtU, pueblo entonces, j = e= een l"= unificacift de Mapat, AJdut AvodA Y Ran, concentra an 91 Israel soberano-, y F aclarir sal Is posibilidad de I& formaci4n, de a" del pueblo kabe -- que, mntien!:ra.P:rrPi; un ftuts unitario que se propustera Is soei6n soberania en ol Estado jDrdano, Mapam aftrma com4n an el Ambito nacional-Y an el de las mu- tille, an las actUalas eircunstanoi&% una entided nicipaUdades, conservando nuestra independence federativi do esta naturalua -- entre dos estadoe partidaria, en el terreno de Is Histadmt, el movi- soberanos- estA destined& a scelerar is realize, miento slonista, el moviallento kibutsiano, el mo- ei6n de la visi6n del retorno a Is Integridad de Z"' vimiento juvenile y de las relaciones eon el movi. Erets Israel a trav6s del camino dela Paz. mlento socialists, intertloolonal Pars quo progress Is oonstrucei6n del paii, Y En el interim, se cre6 el Partido Israeli' del el Proceso de ooncents 46n de las difisporas, a Trabajo, y en. los pr6ximos dim deberfin desarro- tralrds de Is garantizaci6n de I& pas y de is Ilaxse las mencionadas tratativas. seguridad de nuestro Zstwdo no basis con indlear Muchos se preguntar6m: jAcase, la guerra de log un camino alternative, sino que es necesario que AfEI)t IA.ARI seis dias produjo un cambio, revolucionario tal. -
IATF Fact Sheet: Knesset Elections, January 22, 2013
1 FACT SHEET iataskforce.org Topic: Knesset Elections, January 22, 2013 Updated: June 2014 2013 Election Results The Arab sector had a voter turnout of 56% of the eligible voters, as compared with 63.7% of eligible voters from the population as a whole.2 The number of votes needed for a party to pass the electoral threshold and enter the Knesset was 73,000 in 2013.3 Christian Arabs (mostly in the Northern District) had the highest voter turnout rate at 60.4%, Druze turned out at around the average rate (55.9%), and Bedouins had the lowest rate at 46.9%. Within the Bedouin population, the least likely to vote were residents of unrecognized villages, as 30.4% of eligible voters exercised their right. Voting Results in Arab and Druze Localities in 2009 (18th Knesset) and 2013 (19th Knesset)4 Arab and Jewish-Arab 2009 2013 Parties RA’AM-TA’AL-MADA5 32.1% 32.0% HADASH6 27.5% 23.2% BALAD7 22.3% 21.8% DA’AM8 0.2% 0.2% Totals 82.1% 77.2% 1 Compiled by Prof. Elie Rekhess, Associate Director, Crown Center for Jewish and Israel Studies, Northwestern University 2 Ha'aretz, January 23, 2013. Ynet News, January 22, 2013. 3 Ha'aretz, January 23, 2013. 4 Konrad-Adenauer Center for Jewish-Arab Cooperation “Arab Politics in Israel: The 19th Knesset Elections”,’ volume 3 [Hebrew], 2012. 5 RA’AM-TA’AL-MADA stands for a coalition of the parliamentary faction of the United Arab List (UAL – RA’AM), the Arab Movement for Renewal (AMR –TA’AL) and the Arab Democratic Party (ADP – MADA). -
Hamas: Background and Issues for Congress
Hamas: Background and Issues for Congress Jim Zanotti Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs December 2, 2010 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41514 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Hamas: Background and Issues for Congress Summary This report and its appendixes provide background information on Hamas, or the Islamic Resistance Movement, and U.S. policy towards it. It also includes information and analysis on (1) the threats Hamas currently poses to U.S. interests, (2) how Hamas compares with other Middle East terrorist groups, (3) Hamas’s ideology and policies (both generally and on discrete issues), (4) its leadership and organization, and (5) its sources of assistance. Finally, the report raises and discusses various legislative and oversight options related to foreign aid strategies, financial sanctions, and regional and international political approaches. In evaluating these options, Congress can assess how Hamas has emerged and adapted over time, and also scrutinize the track record of U.S., Israeli, and international policy to counter Hamas. Hamas is a Palestinian Islamist military and sociopolitical movement that grew out of the Muslim Brotherhood. The United States, Israel, the European Union, and Canada consider Hamas a terrorist organization because of (1) its violent resistance to what it deems Israeli occupation of historic Palestine (constituting present-day Israel, West Bank, and Gaza Strip), and (2) its rejection of the off-and-on peace process involving Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) since the early 1990s. Since Hamas’s inception in 1987, it has maintained its primary base of political support and its military command in the Gaza Strip—a territory it has controlled since June 2007—while also having a significant presence in the West Bank. -
Siddur for Shabbat
úáùì øåãéñ Siddur for Shabbat úáùì øåãéñ Siddur for Shabbat David Singer, Editor Berkeley Hillel 5763 2003 i ii Contents Preface iv On Usage v Shabbat Evening Service 1 Shabbat Morning Service 43 Havdalah 95 Supplementary Prayers 97 Songs 103 iii Preface This siddur was first created by the Reform minyan at UC Berkeley, California in the spring of 2003. In deciding to compile this siddur, students embarked on an ambitious process: how could they best combine over twenty distinct creative service packets into one inclusive and comprehensive siddur which would suit the needs of the Berkeley Reform Jewish community’s prayer in all circumstances for years to come? Further, the prayer service, while in need of energy and creativity, was also worthy of respect and in due need of a certain amount of structure which service packets could not provide. It is our hope that this siddur meets that need, and accordingly that it can and will be used for Erev and Shacharit Shabbat and Havdalah services as well as song sessions. Further, it is our hope that this siddur will help to meet the same need in other youth and young adult minyanim for years to come. We thank the many people who have helped to make this siddur a reality, especially to those who spent countless hours compiling and editing. To David Singer, Melissa Loeffler, Jill Cozen-Harel, Becky Gimbel, David Abraham and Athalia Markowitz special thanks are due. The original printing of this siddur would not be possible if not for the generous financial support provided by Temple Beth El of Berkeley, CA.