DOCSLIB.ORG

Ulyksa Esa Nqx/K Thuksa Esa Vkuqokaf'kd Fofh Ns'kh Xksoa'kh

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ulyksa Esa Nqx/K Thuksa Esa Vkuqokaf'kd Fofh Ns'kh Xksoa'kh Study on Genetic Variation in Milk Genes and Their Association with Milk Performance Traits in Indigenous Cattle Breeds ns'kh xkSoa'kh; uLyksa esa nqX/k thuksa esa vkuqokaf'kd fofHfofHkUurkvksakUurkvksa ,oe~ nqXnqX/k/k mRiknu lEcaflEcaf/k/k xq.kksa ij muds izHkko dk v/;;u VIJAY KUMAR AGRAWAL M.V.Sc THESIS DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Animal Genetics and Breeding) 2017 Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding College of Veterinary and Animal Science Rajasthan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Bikaner-334001 Rajasthan Study on Genetic Variation in Milk Genes and Their Association with Milk Performance Traits in Indigenous Cattle Breeds ns'kh xkSoa'kh; uLyksa esa nqX/k thuksa esa vkuqokaf'kd fofHkUurkvksa ,oe~ nqX/k mRiknu lEcaf/k xq.kksa ij muds izHkko dk v/;;u THESIS Submitted to the Rajasthan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Bikaner in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Animal Genetics and Breeding) By VIJAY KUMAR AGRAWAL M.V.Sc 2017 Rajasthan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Bikaner College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner CERTIFICATE - I Date…………… This is to certify that Vijay Kumar Agrawal had successfully completed the comprehensive examination held on 12/11/2016 as required under the regulation for PhD degree. (G.C. Gahlot) Head Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner Rajasthan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Bikaner College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner CERTIFICATE - II Date………...…… This is to certify that this thesis entitled STUDY ON GENETIC VARIATION IN MILK GENES AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH MILK PERFORMANCE TRAITS IN INDIGENOUS CATTLE BREEDS submitted for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the subject of Animal Genetics and Breeding embodies bonafide research work carried out by Mr. Vijay Kumar Agrawal , under my guidance and supervision and that no part of this thesis has been submitted for any other degree. The assistance and help received during the course of investigation have been fully acknowledged. The draft of the thesis was also approved by the advisory committee on 16/06/2017. (G.C. Gahlot) (G.C. Gahlot) Head Major Advisor Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner (Tribhuwan Sharma) Dean College of Veterinary and Animal Science Bikaner Rajasthan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Bikaner College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner CERTIFICATE – III Date………….... This is to certify that the thesis entitled STUDY ON GENETIC VARIATION IN MILK GENES AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH MILK PERFORMANCE TRAITS IN INDIGENOUS CATTLE BREEDS submitted by Mr. Vijay Kumar Agrawal to Rajasthan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Bikaner, in partial fulfillment the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the subject of Animal Genetics and Breeding, after recommendation by the external examiner, was defended by the candidate before the following members of the examination committee. The performance of the candidate in the oral examination on his thesis has been found satisfactory, we therefore, recommend that the thesis be approved. (G.C. Gahlot) Major Advisor (Rajeev Kumar Joshi) (S.K. Kashyap) Advisor Advisor (Rajesh Nehra) (R.K.Singh) Advisor Dean P.G. Nominee (G.C. Gahlot) Head Department of Animal Nutrition APPROVED (S.K. Kashyap) DEAN POST GRADUATE STUDIES Rajasthan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Bikaner College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner CERTIFICATE – IV Date………….... This is to certify that Mr. Vijay Kumar Agrawal of the Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner has made all corrections/modifications in the thesis entitled , STUDY ON GENETIC VARIATION IN MILK GENES AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH MILK PERFORMANCE TRAITS IN INDIGENOUS CATTLE BREEDS which were suggested by the external examiner and the advisory committee in the oral examination held on……………….. The final copies of the theses duly bound and corrected were submitted on……………………, are forwarded herewith for approval. (G.C. Gahlot) Major Advisor Enclosed one original and three copies of bound thesis. Forwarded to the Dean, Post Graduate Studies, Rajasthan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Bikaner, through the Dean. (G.C. Gahlot) Head Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding (Tribhuwan Sharma) DEAN College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner APPROVED (S.K. Kashyap) DEAN POST GRADUATE STUDIES ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to thank the almighty GOD for his endless mercies and all the blessings he bestowed in my life. With an overwhelming sense of legitimate pride and genuine obligation which gives me exuberant pleasure and privilege to express my eternal gratitude of my learned and revered advisor Professor (Dr) G.C. GahlotGahlot,, for his excellent and praiseworthy guidance, pertinent criticism, juvenile encouragement and parental affection during whole course of my study. I am grateful to him for being with me throughout the course of my research programme. Your insatiable hunger for quality work has inspired me to produce something up to your expectations for me. I feel highly obliged to DeanDean, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner for their official help in providing me all the necessary facilities during the entire period of my research work. I am extremely thankful to State Animal Husbandry DepartmentDepartment, Government of Rajasthan for providing me study leave and financial assistance during the course of doctoral programme. I gratefully acknowledge learned members of my advisory committee, Professor Rajeev K. JoshiJoshi, Professor S.S.S.KS. KKK.. KashyapKashyap, Asst. Professor Rajesh Nehra and Professor R.K. Singh, for their understanding, encouragement and personal attention which have provided good and smooth basis for my PhD tenure. I warmly thanks for their valuable advice, constructive criticism and extensive discussion around my work. I would like express my gratitude and thanks to Professor S.B.S. Yadav, Professor V.K. ChoudharyChoudhary, Professor Urmila PannuPannu, Professor Tribhuwan SharmaSharma, Professor Basant BaisBais, Assistant Professor Manju Nehra, Assistant Professor Seetaram GuptaGupta, Assistant Professor Sumit Prakash YadavYadav,Yadav Assistant Professor Virendra Kumar for providing me technical support to carry out part of my research work. The constant affection and moral support given to me by colleagues Drs. Amitosh KumarKumar, Harvinder SinghSingh, Kritika GahlotGahlot, JaiprakashJaiprakash, PrakashPrakash, Ajay DewnaDewna, Govind DhakadDhakad, Manoj NetraNetra, Hemlata and all the juniors had pushed me and motivated me during the happy and hard moments. The completion of this study was not possible without the support of non teaching staff. I would like to express my sincere thanks to all of them especially Pradeep JiJiJi,Ji Deepak JiJi, MMahaveerahaveer JiJiJi,Ji Vijay JiJiJi,Ji and Shyam Ji and staffs of dairy farmsfarms. No words could be traced in the lexicon of my heart for the constant and unconditional support in the form of technical advice and digital support and inspiration and encouragement given to me by my best friends Dr. Mohammed Ashraf and Rituraj BhatiBhati. It seems impossible to express my heartiest feelings to my wife, colleague and best friend Dr Sonal Thakur whose unconditional love, patience and continuous support made me successful in all the aspects related with my life and doctoral research programme. A special thanks to my family. Words are unable to express my cardinal regards and love of my respected father Sh. R.K. AgrawalAgrawal and mother Smt. Bimla Devi who laid foundation stone of my education and constantly supported throughout my life. I deeply expressed my sincere regards to my brother DineshDinesh, Manmohan and AjayAjay. Especially I would like to pay my sincere affection and love to younger kids Utkarsh and Siddhika for sparing their valuable time to me. The affection and moral support of my in laws Dr. DheerajDheeraj,Dheeraj Shikha and little Ryan in the form of ever smiling face are graciously and lovingly acknowledged. Date: Vijay Kumar Agrawal Place: Bikaner LIST OF CONTENTS CHAPTER TITLE PAGE No. 1. INTRODUCTION 1-6 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 7-18 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 19-28 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 29-84 5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 85-92 6. LITERATURE CITED 93-108 APPENDICES I-IV LIST OF TABLES Table No. Particulars Page No. 2.1 K232A polymorphism of DGAT1 gene in different cattle breeds 15 Primer sequences and e xpected fragment sizes of PCR 3.1 22 products of selected genomic regions 3.2 PCR programming for amplification of exon-3 of PRL gene 23 3.3 PCR programming for amplification of exon-4 of PRL gene 23 3.4 PCR programming for amplification of exon-8 of DGAT1 gene 24 4.1 Gene and genotypic frequencies of exon-3 of PRL gene 31 detected through RFLP analysis 4.2 Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for exon-3 of PRL gene 33 4.3 Genotypic frequencies of SSCP patterns detected under 35 restriction patterns for exon-3 of PRL gene 4.4 Within-population heterozygosity estimates, PIC and F IS values 36 of Rathi, Sahiwal and Kankrej cattle for exon-3 of PRL gene 4.5 Observed and effective number of alleles; and Shannon 38 information index for exon-3 of PRL gene 4.6 Pair wise genetic distance matrix between studied cattle breeds 39 for exon-3 of PRL gene 4.7 List of accession numbers obtained for different SSCP patterns 39 of exon-3
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Unit 4 Milch Breeds
    UNIT 4 MILCH BREEDS Structure 4.0 Objectives 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Milch Breeds of Cattle Indigenous Milch and Dual-purpose Breed Exotic Dairy Cattle Breeds Synthetic Crossbred Cattle Strains Breed Improvement in Cattle 4.3 Milch Breeds of Buffaloes Breed Improvement in Buffaloes 4.4 Milch Breeds of Goats Indigenous Goat breeds Exotic Dairy Goat Breeds Breed Improvement in Goats 4.5 Let Us Sum Up 4.6 Key Words 4.7 Some Useful Books 4.8 Answers to check your Progress 4.0 OBJECTIVES After reading this unit, we shall be able to: enumerate the names of different milch breeds of cattle, buffalo and goat; state the distribution of these breeds in their respective home tracts; describe the physical characteristics of these breeds; performance of these breeds; specify the reproduction and production; and indicate the concept of breed improvement. 4.1 INTRODUCTION Cattle, buffalo and goats constituting 404.1 million population are three major domestic animal species, which contribute over 91.0 million tonnes milk in the country. The buffaloes contribute maximum (52%) to total milk production followed by cattle (45%) and goats (3%). There are large number of well descript breeds of cattle, buffalo and goats which are widely distributed under different agro-climatic regions. Besides these, there is large population of non-descript animals. A breed is a group of inter-breeding domestic animals of a species. It shows similarity among its individuals in certain distinguishable characteristics (colour, shape, size of body parts). The breeds have been developed as a result of selection and breeding based on the needs of mankind as well as adaptation to agro-climatic conditions of their native home tracts.
    [Show full text]
  • Study of Certain Reproductive and Productive Performance Parameters
    The Pharma Innovation Journal 2020; 9(9): 270-274 ISSN (E): 2277- 7695 ISSN (P): 2349-8242 NAAS Rating: 5.03 Study of certain reproductive and productive TPI 2020; 9(9): 270-274 © 2020 TPI performance parameters of malnad gidda cattle in its www.thepharmajournal.com Received: 21-06-2020 native tract Accepted: 07-08-2020 Murugeppa A Murugeppa A, Tandle MK, Shridhar NB, Prakash N, Sahadev A, Vijaya Associate Professor and Head, Department of Veterinary Kumar Shettar, Nagaraja BN and Renukaradhya GJ Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Veterinary College, Shivamogga, Abstract Karnataka, India The study was conducted to establish baseline information pertaining to productive and reproductive performance of Malnad Gidda and its crossbred in Shivamogga District of Karnataka. The data from 286 Tandle MK animals reared by 98 farmers from Thirtahalli, Hosanagara and Sagara taluks of Shivamogga district Director of Instruction (PGS), Karnataka Veterinary Animal were collected through a structured questionnaire. The parameters such as age at puberty (25.15±0.29 and Fisheries University, Bidar, months); age at first calving (39.32±2.99 months); dry period (6.22±1.26 months); calving interval Karnataka, India (13.68±2.55 months); gestation period (282.14±9.03 days); service period (136.73±10.03 days); lactation length (258.22 ± 10.95 days); milk yield per day (3.69±0.32 kg); total milk yield (227.19±8.31 kg); days Shridhar NB to reach peak milk yield (46.19±0.51 day); birth weight of the new born calf (8.71±0.45 kg); time taken Professor and Head, Department for placental expulsion of placenta (4.63±0.39 hours); onset of postpartum estrous (77.64±1.98 days); of Veterinary Pharmacology and Duration of estrous period (15.25±1.67 hours); time of ovulation (15.15 ± 1.7 hours) and length of estrus Toxicology, Veterinary College cycle (22.63±2.96.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Diversity Among Indian Gir, Deoni and Kankrej Cattle Breeds Based on Microsatellite Markers
    Indian Journal of Biotechnology Vol 9, April 2010, pp 126-130 Genetic diversity among Indian Gir, Deoni and Kankrej cattle breeds based on microsatellite markers D S Kale*, D N Rank, C G Joshi 1, B R Yadav 2, P G Koringa, K M Thakkar, T C Tolenkhomba 2 and J V Solanki Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding and 1Department of Animal Biotechnology College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388 001, India 2Livestock Genome Analysis Laboratory, Dairy Cattle Breeding Division National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal 132 001, India Received 27 October 2008; revised 17 June 2009; accepted 20 August 2009 The present study was conducted to examine genetic diversity, genetic differentiation and genetic relationship among Gir, Deoni and Kankrej cattle breeds using microsatellite markers. The number of alleles observed at different loci ranged from 5 (HEL5) to 8 (CSRM60) with a total of 46 alleles across three breeds. The overall heterozygosity and polymorphic information content (PIC) values were 0.730 and 0.749, respectively. Nei’s standard genetic distance was least between Gir and Kankrej and highest between Deoni and Kankrej. In the analyzed loci, an overall significant deficit of heterozygotes across these breeds was found and it could be due to inbreeding within breeds. The overall genetic differentiation ( FST ) among breeds was moderate, but significantly different. All loci, except INRA035, contributed significantly to the overall differentiation. The highest FST values were found in HEL5 and lowest in INRA035. The overall Nem value indicated a high rate of genetic flow between the breeds, which is in agreement with their origin of close proximity in the geographical area.
    [Show full text]
  • BULLETIN (Nov 2017-Dec 2018)
    1 Aspire IASThe name associated with excellence PT POINTERS–2020 TEA TIME BULLetin- 360-PT shots TEA TIME BULLETIN NEWSPAPER –360-PT Shots (Nov 2017-Dec 2018) © Copyright Aspire IAS All rights are reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of Aspire lAS. Aspire IASThe name associated with excellence 10/70 Old Rajeneder Nagar N.Delhi www.aspireias.com 8010068998/9999801394 ©2018 ASPIRE IAS. All rights reserved 2 Aspire IASThe name associated with excellence PT POINTERS–2020 TEA TIME BULLetin- 360-PT shots 1. Rohingyas • children affected by disasters and climate • Sufi induced Sunni Muslim. change etc • Lived in Burma since 12th century after India, 4. International vaccine institute China. at Seoul, South Korea • Stateless started in 1997 • Their dialect is Bengali by the initiative of UNDP • Other ethnic groups of Myanmar: - India full time member Bamar 5. Indian Pharma and medical device 2017 Shan conference Karen Themes: Kachin • Medical devices – ‘shaping the future- making the right choices’ Chin • Karenni Pharma – ‘shaping future of Indian Pharma’ Mon 6. Dhanush guns Kokang Chinese • upgraded version of Bofors Howitzer Rakhine • upgraded by Ordnance Factory Board Rohingyas Jabalpur 2. Factors affecting BIOME • maximum range 40 km Temperature [mean + variation] 7. Intergovernmental oceanographic Moisture Commission -150 members country Sunlight 8. Clouds are the result of adiabatic cooling Growing season generally. Soil 9. Golconda Fort important for diamonds, Drainage underground tunnel and clap sound that can Wind be heard even at the roof.
    [Show full text]
  • Complaint Report
    EXHIBIT A ARKANSAS LIVESTOCK & POULTRY COMMISSION #1 NATURAL RESOURCES DR. LITTLE ROCK, AR 72205 501-907-2400 Complaint Report Type of Complaint Received By Date Assigned To COMPLAINANT PREMISES VISITED/SUSPECTED VIOLATOR Name Name Address Address City City Phone Phone Inspector/Investigator's Findings: Signed Date Return to Heath Harris, Field Supervisor DP-7/DP-46 SPECIAL MATERIALS & MARKETPLACE SAMPLE REPORT ARKANSAS STATE PLANT BOARD Pesticide Division #1 Natural Resources Drive Little Rock, Arkansas 72205 Insp. # Case # Lab # DATE: Sampled: Received: Reported: Sampled At Address GPS Coordinates: N W This block to be used for Marketplace Samples only Manufacturer Address City/State/Zip Brand Name: EPA Reg. #: EPA Est. #: Lot #: Container Type: # on Hand Wt./Size #Sampled Circle appropriate description: [Non-Slurry Liquid] [Slurry Liquid] [Dust] [Granular] [Other] Other Sample Soil Vegetation (describe) Description: (Place check in Water Clothing (describe) appropriate square) Use Dilution Other (describe) Formulation Dilution Rate as mixed Analysis Requested: (Use common pesticide name) Guarantee in Tank (if use dilution) Chain of Custody Date Received by (Received for Lab) Inspector Name Inspector (Print) Signature Check box if Dealer desires copy of completed analysis 9 ARKANSAS LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY COMMISSION #1 Natural Resources Drive Little Rock, Arkansas 72205 (501) 225-1598 REPORT ON FLEA MARKETS OR SALES CHECKED Poultry to be tested for pullorum typhoid are: exotic chickens, upland birds (chickens, pheasants, pea fowl, and backyard chickens). Must be identified with a leg band, wing band, or tattoo. Exemptions are those from a certified free NPIP flock or 90-day certificate test for pullorum typhoid. Water fowl need not test for pullorum typhoid unless they originate from out of state.
    [Show full text]
  • Snomed Ct Dicom Subset of January 2017 Release of Snomed Ct International Edition
    SNOMED CT DICOM SUBSET OF JANUARY 2017 RELEASE OF SNOMED CT INTERNATIONAL EDITION EXHIBIT A: SNOMED CT DICOM SUBSET VERSION 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Dairying in Rajasthan - a Statistical Profile 2016
    National Dairy Development Dairying In Board Rajasthan A Statistical Profile 2016 District Map of Rajasthan DAIRYING IN RAJASTHAN - A Statistical Profile 2016 Foreword In this publication “Dairying in Rajasthan - A Statistical Profile 2016”, the major highlights are: trend in human demographics, livestock population and production; inputs for enhancement of productivity such as breeding, health and nutrition. This publication includes statistical tables and thematic maps on selected parameters along with time series data of districts wherever available. The objective of this publication is to provide a detailed presentation of various parameters, underlying factors and their inter-linkages so as to enable effective planning and implementation of various development interventions. We hope that a wide range of readers, students, researchers, veterinarians, planners, scientists, administrators, policy makers and professionals in government and non-governmental organisations, will find this publication useful. This publication aims at balancing the most comprehensive information with the most relevant. We sincerely thank government and non-government agencies for providing information. While extreme care has been taken in putting together data in a systematic and comprehensible manner, some errors cannot be ruled out. This publication “Dairying in Rajasthan - A Statistical Profile 2016” is amongst a series of similar publications for different states being brought out by National Dairy Development Board (NDDB). Dilip Rath Chairman, NDDB September 2016 Anand, Gujarat National Dairy Development Board DAIRYING IN RAJASTHAN - A Statistical Profile 2016 Index I. GENERAL STATISTICS I.1. Rajasthan at a Glance I.1.1: General Statistics: Rajasthan vs. India . .2 I.1.2: Formation of New Districts in Rajasthan ...............................................................4 I.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Genetic and Non-Genetic Factors on First Lactation Production Traits in Tharparkar Cattle
    Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(2): 2160-2164 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 02 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.802.250 Effect of Genetic and Non-Genetic Factors on First Lactation Production Traits in Tharparkar Cattle Garima Choudhary*, U. Pannu, G.C. Gahlot and Sunita Meena Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT The present study was conducted on 91 Tharparkar cows maintained at the Livestock K e yw or ds Research Station, Beechwal, Bikaner for 11 years i.e. from 2006 to 2016. The data were analysed with the objective of performance appraisal of Tharparkar cattle with respect to Tharparkar , Production traits, production traits and to study the effect of genetic factor i.e. sire group and non genetic Genetic factors, factors i.e. period and season of calving on production traits. The overall least-squares Non -genetic factors means for first lactation milk yield (FLMY), first lactation length (FLL), first lactation dry period (FDP), lactation milk yield per day of first lactation length (LMY/FLL) and Article Info lactation milk yield per day of first calving interval (LMY/FCI) were found to be 1832.99±42.43 kg, 283.65±7.65 days, 148.14±6.05 days, 6.18±0.14 kg/day and 4.03±0.12 Accepted: 18 January 2019 kg/day. The effect of sire was found to be significant on first lactation production traits.
    [Show full text]
  • Lactation Curve Models for Predicting Milk Yield and Different Factors Affecting Lactation Curve
    Lactation Curve Models for Predicting Milk Yield and Different Factors Affecting Lactation Curve V.B. Dongre, R.S. Gandhi, Avtar Singh and Atul Gupta Animal Genetics and Breeding, Dairy Cattle Breeding Division, National Dairy Research Institute, 132001 Karnal (Haryana), India Key words: Genetic, milk, Curve model, shape, secretion, Abstract: Milk production during the entire lactation is a India continuous physiological function which describes the rate of milk secretion with advancement in lactation. The Corresponding Author: biometrical properties of lactation are different in different V.B. Dongre genetic groups, even if the environmental and managerial Animal Genetics and Breeding, Dairy Cattle Breeding factors are constant. There are various non-genetic factors Division, National Dairy Research Institute, 132001 which affects the shape of lactation curve. It can be Karnal (Haryana), India observed that, despite of different quantitative levels of milk production and the trend of milk production over Page No.: 33-40 time shows the same tendency with an initial growing Volume: 15, Issue 6, 2016 phase up to a maximum, followed by a more or less slow ISSN: 1680-5593 decline. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances Copy Right: Medwell Publications INTRODUCTION The lactation curve can be defined as the graphical representation of milk yield against time (Brody et al., 1923). The typical shape of the lactation curve has two characteristic parts, i.e. a rapid increase from calving to a peak period in early stage of lactation and a gradual decline from peak yield to the end of lactation (Leon-Velarde et al., 1995). However, some workers suggested that there are three different stages of the lactation curve, namely ascending phase, persistent phase and descending phase.
    [Show full text]
  • Prevalence of the Beta Case in Variants Among Tharparkar, Rathi, Sahiwal, Kankrej and Cross Breed and Its Influence Under Selective Pressure
    Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(3): 1842-1848 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 03 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.803.218 Prevalence of the Beta Case in Variants among Tharparkar, Rathi, Sahiwal, Kankrej and Cross Breed and its Influence under Selective Pressure Mrinalini Saran1*, Ankita Gurao1, Rajeev Kumar Joshi2 and S.K. Kashyap1 1Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, RAJUVAS, Bikaner, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Milk has been regarded as wholesome food since centuries. The major milk proteins are K e yw or ds the casein (80%) and the whey proteins (10%). One of the prominent milk proteins in cattle i.e. beta casein, is encoded by highly polymorphic genes, leading to formation of 12 Beta-casein, A2 type milk, Cross- protein variants. Among them A1 and A2 variant are the most frequent; the A2 being the bred, Bos indicus primitive type present in Bos indicus at higher percentage than Bos taurus. Most of the indicine cattle breed is A2 type carrying presence of histidine in A1 in contrast to proline Article Info in A2 makes it susceptible to gastrointestinal proteolysis digestion to release beta- casomorphin-7 (BCM-7), which has been implicated in various human health ailments. Accept ed: 15 February 2019 The following study has been conducted to concisely predict the diminishing percent of A2 Available Online: allele in the cross -bred Rathi cattle herd in compared to the pure-bred Rathi and other 10 March 2019 indigenous cattle and evaluate the change in A2 allele frequency in course of generations.
    [Show full text]
  • Dairy Animal Population in Saarc Countries
    SAARC Dairy Outlook Compiled and Edited by Dr. Md. Nure Alam Siddiky Senior Program Officer SAARC Agriculture Centre SAARC Agriculture Centre i SAARC Dairy Outlook Contributors Dr. A. K. Srivastava Director and Vice Chancellor ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI) Karnal-132 001 Haryana, India Dr. A. Kumaresan Senior Scientist (Animal Reproduction) Livestock Research Centre ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI) Karnal-132 001 Haryana, India Dr. G. R. Patil Joint Director (Academics) ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI) Karnal-132 001 Haryana, India Published in November 2015 ISBN: 978-984-33-9790-4 Published by SAARC Agriculture Centre (SAC) BARC Complex, Farmgate, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh Phone: +880-2-58153152, Fax: +880-2-9124596 E-mail: [email protected], Web: www.saarcagri.org Cover Designed by Ms. Mafruha Begum, SPO (I&C) Price US$ 5.00 for SAARC countries US$ 8.00 for other countries Printed at Natundhara Printing Press 277/3 Elephant Road (Kataban Dhal), Dhaka Cell: 01711019691, 01911294855 Email: [email protected] ii Foreword The role of livestock in livelihood, nutritional and food security of millions of people living in SAARC countries has been well understood. Among livestock, dairy animal assumes much significance since dairying is acknowledged as the major instrument in bringing about socio-economic transformation of rural poor and sustainable rural development. Unlike crop which is seasonal, dairying provides a stable, year-round income, which is an important economic incentive for the smallholder farmers. Dairying directly enhance the household income by providing high value output from low value input besides acting as wealth for future investment.
    [Show full text]
  • Livestock and Poultry Improvement and Management
    66 Livestock and Poultry Improvement and Management ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES Livestock information management • Flexible data processing system provides even raw data for A generalized and flexible data processing system was developed further analysis • Under phenotypic characterization programme several for management and analysis of field survey data on characterization indigenous breeds of cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goat, poultry, of animal genetic resources. It works for all the livestock and camel and horses were studied in their home tract poultry species and accepts any type of questionnaire format. • Twinning in Kutchi goats increased up to 50% by Analysis of the data can be performed on the basis of districts, supplementary feeding animal classes and the strata defined on the management practices. • Breed specific marker was identified for Surti buffaloes • Twinning in Malpura, Marwari and Bharat Merino was not Herd data can be analysed for a species, a district and a village. found linked with FecB gene The user can view and extract the raw data for further analysis • Marwari equine population has high genetic variability that using available commercial software. equine breeders may exploit • Genetic bottleneck was not observed in Ankleshwar and Phenotypic characterization and evaluation of indigenous Punjab Brown poultry in past populations • Juvenile body weight of naked neck was superior to normal breeds birds Kenkatha: This cattle breed is distributed in Lalitpur, Hamirpur, • HSRBC and HCMI lines showed higher Newcastle disease Chitrkoot and Banda districts of Uttar Pradesh and Tikamgarh vaccine response district of Madhya Pradesh. Animals of this breed are mainly used • Under ex-situ conservation programme frozen semen samples for draught purpose and milk, and are of small size having grey of cattle, buffaloes, goats, sheep and camel were preserved in genebank and white body.
    [Show full text]