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Breed Relationships and Definition in British Cattle
Heredity (2004) 93, 597–602 & 2004 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0018-067X/04 $30.00 www.nature.com/hdy Breed relationships and definition in British cattle: a genetic analysis P Wiener, D Burton and JL Williams Roslin Institute (Edinburgh), Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9PS, UK The genetic diversity of eight British cattle breeds was not associated with geographical distribution. Analyses also quantified in this study. In all, 30 microsatellites from the FAO defined the cohesiveness or definition of the various breeds, panel of markers were used to characterise the DNA with Highland, Guernsey and Jersey as the best defined and samples from nearly 400 individuals. A variety of methods most distinctive of the breeds. were applied to analyse the data in order to look at diversity Heredity (2004) 93, 597–602. doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800566 within and between breeds. The relationships between Publishedonline25August2004 breeds were not highly resolved and breed clusters were Keywords: British cattle; breeds; diversity; microsatellites Introduction 1997; MacHugh et al, 1994, 1998; Kantanen et al, 2000; Arranz et al, 2001; Bjrnstad and Red 2001; Beja-Pereira The concept of cattle breeds, rather than local types, is et al, 2003). said to have originated in Britain under the influence of The goal of this study was to use microsatellite Robert Bakewell in the 18th century (Porter, 1991). It was markers to characterise diversity levels within, and during that period that intensive culling and inbreeding relationships between, a number of British cattle breeds, became widespread in order to achieve specific breeding most of which have not been characterised previously. -
CATAIR Appendix
CBP and Trade Automated Interface Requirements Appendix: PGA April 24, 2020 Pub # 0875-0419 Contents Table of Changes ............................................................................................................................................4 PG01 – Agency Program Codes .................................................................................................................... 18 PG01 – Government Agency Processing Codes ............................................................................................. 22 PG01 – Electronic Image Submitted Codes.................................................................................................... 26 PG01 – Globally Unique Product Identification Code Qualifiers .................................................................... 26 PG01 – Correction Indicators* ...................................................................................................................... 26 PG02 – Product Code Qualifiers.................................................................................................................... 28 PG04 – Units of Measure .............................................................................................................................. 30 PG05 – Scie nt if ic Spec ies Code .................................................................................................................... 31 PG05 – FWS Wildlife Description Codes ..................................................................................................... -
English Nature Research Report
3.2 Grazing animals used in projects 3.2.1 Species of gradng animals Some sites utilised more than one species of grazing animals so the results in Table 5 are based on 182 records. The majority of sites used sheep and/or cattle and these species were used on an almost equal number of sites, Ponies were also widely used but horses and goats were used infrequently and pigs were used on just 2 sites. No other species of grazing livestock was recorded (a mention of rabbits was taken to refer to wild populations). Table 5. Species of livestock used for grazing Sheep Cattle Equines Goats Pigs Number of Sites 71 72 30 7 2 Percentage of Records 39 40 16 4 I 3.2.2 Breeds of Sheep The breeds and crosses of sheep used are shown in Table 6. A surprisingly large number of 46 breeds or crosses were used on the 71 sites; the majority can be considered as commercial, although hardy, native breeds or crosses including hill breeds such as Cheviot, Derbyshire Gritstone, Herdwick, Scottish Blackface, Swaledale and Welsh Mountain, grassland breeds such as Beulah Speckled Face, Clun Forest, Jacob and Lleyn and down breeds such as Dorset (it was not stated whether this was Dorset Down or Dorset Horn), Hampshire Down and Southdown. Continental breeds were represented by Benichon du Cher, Bleu du Maine and Texel. Rare breeds (i.e. those included on the Rare Breeds Survival Trust’s priority and minority lists) were well represented by Hebridean, Leicester Longwool, Manx Loghtan, Portland, Shetland, Soay, Southdown, Teeswater and Wiltshire Horn. -
List of Horse Breeds 1 List of Horse Breeds
List of horse breeds 1 List of horse breeds This page is a list of horse and pony breeds, and also includes terms used to describe types of horse that are not breeds but are commonly mistaken for breeds. While there is no scientifically accepted definition of the term "breed,"[1] a breed is defined generally as having distinct true-breeding characteristics over a number of generations; its members may be called "purebred". In most cases, bloodlines of horse breeds are recorded with a breed registry. However, in horses, the concept is somewhat flexible, as open stud books are created for developing horse breeds that are not yet fully true-breeding. Registries also are considered the authority as to whether a given breed is listed as Light or saddle horse breeds a "horse" or a "pony". There are also a number of "color breed", sport horse, and gaited horse registries for horses with various phenotypes or other traits, which admit any animal fitting a given set of physical characteristics, even if there is little or no evidence of the trait being a true-breeding characteristic. Other recording entities or specialty organizations may recognize horses from multiple breeds, thus, for the purposes of this article, such animals are classified as a "type" rather than a "breed". The breeds and types listed here are those that already have a Wikipedia article. For a more extensive list, see the List of all horse breeds in DAD-IS. Heavy or draft horse breeds For additional information, see horse breed, horse breeding and the individual articles listed below. -
English Nature Research Report
3.2.14 Origins of stock Question 13 on the questionnaire concerned the origins of the stock used and was an open question (although two examples (moor bred, rye/clover ley farmland) were given), In total 32 sources were suggested by respondents but to ease interpretation some have been grouped, Thus Box 6, which shows the origins of sheep used for conservation grazing, has 18 categories with, for example, unhproved grassland, lowland meadow and rough grassland grouped together as a single ‘origin’. Jt is possible that other categories overlap, e.g, improved grassland and ley farm or pasture. There are also differences in interpretation of origin between the habitat from which the sheep originated and the status (e*gLocal or National Nature Reserve) of the site hom which they came. ~ Box 6: Origins of stock used in conservation grazing schemes 1. Moor bred 10. Sand dunes 2. Hill/Upland 11. Home bred 3, Lowland 12. EarmLocal farm/smallholding 4. Ley farm / Organic hy 13. Local Nature Reserve 5. Improved grassland 14. National Nature Reserve 6. Pasturelpermanent pasture 15. Market 7. Unirrrproved grassland / 16. Conservation organisations/ Lowland meadow/Rough grassland reserve/National Park 8. Chalk grassland/calcareous grassland 17. Local school 9. Marsh 18. Various Despite these dficulties some indication of the sources of sheep used in conservation grazing schemes can be derived (Table 17). In total the origin of the sheep used was given for 39 breeds or crosses to give 88 site/breed/origin combinations, The most frequently stated origin was ‘moor bred’, recorded for sheep at 18 sites. -
Programs That Extend the Useful Lives of Horses
PROGRAMS THAT EXTEND THE USEFUL LIVES OF HORSES: Supply and demand — they are the ingredients that form the foundation for near- ly all successful business models. Markets are sound and profitable when there is a healthy balance between the two. The theory holds true for the horse market as well. Often, however, owners may not be aware of the demands that exist for horses that may be “unwanted” by some, but desired by others. The purpose of this chapter is to show some of the many programs already in place by horse breed organizations and other groups, in which horses are needed by participants. From trail riding enthusiasts to horse show exhibitors, people are searching every day for horses that fit their lifestyles and interests. By understanding the activities encouraged by breed organizations, owners of some unwanted horses might find a good fit, and a good market, among people seeking horses for organized shows and rec- reational events. Following is a listing of some of the most popular programs and activities underway today and some true-life stories of unwanted horses that developed into champions. Competitive Horse Shows: Nearly all horse breed associations offer opportunities for friendly competition. Although a horse may be retired or reaching advanced years of maturity, horse shows offer outlets to help keep the horse active and involved. The registries offer several different disciplines with classes ranging from leadline to saddle seat pleasure to barrel racing. A horse owner can often find a way to keep horses involved for a long time in the variety of disciplines offered in the showing world. -
Genetic Parameters for Carcass Dimensional Measurements from Video Image Analysis and Their Association with Conformation and Fat Class Scores
This is an author produced version of a paper published in Livestock Science. This paper has been peer-reviewed and is proof-corrected, but does not include the journal pagination. Citation for the published paper: Rius-Vilarrasa, E. et al. (2010) Genetic parameters for carcass dimensional measurements from Video Image Analysis and their association with conformation and fat class scores. Livestock Science. Volume: 128 Number: 1-3, pp 92-100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2009.11.004 Access to the published version may require journal subscription. Published with permission from: Elsevier Epsilon Open Archive http://epsilon.slu.se 1 Genetic parameters for carcass dimensional measurements from 2 Video Image Analysis and their association with conformation and 3 fat class scores 4 5 E. Rius-Vilarrasaa*, L. Büngera, S. Brotherstoneb, J.M. Macfarlanea , N.R. Lambea 6 K.R. Matthewsc, W. Haresignd, and R. Roehea 7 8 aSustainable Livestock Systems Group, Scottish Agricultural College, King’s 9 Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK 10 bSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, 11 Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK 12 cEBLEX Limited, Snowdon Drive, Milton Keynes, MK6 1AX UK 13 dInstitute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, 14 Llanbadarn Campus, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3AL, UK 15 16 17 *Corresponding author: Elisenda Rius-Vilarrasa 18 Swedish University of Agricultural Science 19 Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics 20 S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden 21 Tel.: +46 (0) 18671994 22 Fax: +46 (0) 18672848 23 E-mail: [email protected] 24 25 1 26 Abstract 27 Data on 630 crossbred lamb carcasses were used to estimate genetic parameters for a 28 number of carcass measures, fitting a multivariate animal model using restricted 29 maximum likelihood. -
Electronic Supplementary Material - Appendices
1 Electronic Supplementary Material - Appendices 2 Appendix 1. Full breed list, listed alphabetically. Breeds searched (* denotes those identified with inherited disorders) # Breed # Breed # Breed # Breed 1 Ab Abyssinian 31 BF Black Forest 61 Dul Dülmen Pony 91 HP Highland Pony* 2 Ak Akhal Teke 32 Boe Boer 62 DD Dutch Draft 92 Hok Hokkaido 3 Al Albanian 33 Bre Breton* 63 DW Dutch Warmblood 93 Hol Holsteiner* 4 Alt Altai 34 Buc Buckskin 64 EB East Bulgarian 94 Huc Hucul 5 ACD American Cream Draft 35 Bud Budyonny 65 Egy Egyptian 95 HW Hungarian Warmblood 6 ACW American Creme and White 36 By Byelorussian Harness 66 EP Eriskay Pony 96 Ice Icelandic* 7 AWP American Walking Pony 37 Cam Camargue* 67 EN Estonian Native 97 Io Iomud 8 And Andalusian* 38 Camp Campolina 68 ExP Exmoor Pony 98 ID Irish Draught 9 Anv Andravida 39 Can Canadian 69 Fae Faeroes Pony 99 Jin Jinzhou 10 A-K Anglo-Kabarda 40 Car Carthusian 70 Fa Falabella* 100 Jut Jutland 11 Ap Appaloosa* 41 Cas Caspian 71 FP Fell Pony* 101 Kab Kabarda 12 Arp Araappaloosa 42 Cay Cayuse 72 Fin Finnhorse* 102 Kar Karabair 13 A Arabian / Arab* 43 Ch Cheju 73 Fl Fleuve 103 Kara Karabakh 14 Ard Ardennes 44 CC Chilean Corralero 74 Fo Fouta 104 Kaz Kazakh 15 AC Argentine Criollo 45 CP Chincoteague Pony 75 Fr Frederiksborg 105 KPB Kerry Bog Pony 16 Ast Asturian 46 CB Cleveland Bay 76 Fb Freiberger* 106 KM Kiger Mustang 17 AB Australian Brumby 47 Cly Clydesdale* 77 FS French Saddlebred 107 KP Kirdi Pony 18 ASH Australian Stock Horse 48 CN Cob Normand* 78 FT French Trotter 108 KF Kisber Felver 19 Az Azteca -
Discriminant Canonical Analysis of the Contribution of Spanish and Arabian Purebred Horses to the Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Hispano-Arabian Horses
UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title Discriminant Canonical Analysis of the Contribution of Spanish and Arabian Purebred Horses to the Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Hispano-Arabian Horses. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8w77w522 Journal Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 11(2) ISSN 2076-2615 Authors Marín Navas, Carmen Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente McLean, Amy Katherine et al. Publication Date 2021-01-21 DOI 10.3390/ani11020269 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California animals Article Discriminant Canonical Analysis of the Contribution of Spanish and Arabian Purebred Horses to the Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Hispano-Arabian Horses Carmen Marín Navas 1 , Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo 1 , Amy Katherine McLean 2 , José Manuel León Jurado 3, Antonio Rodriguez de la Borbolla y Ruiberriz de Torres 4 and Francisco Javier Navas González 1,* 1 Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; [email protected] (C.M.N.); [email protected] (J.V.D.B.) 2 Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95617, USA; [email protected] 3 Centro Agropecuario Provincial de Córdoba, Diputación Provincial de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; [email protected] 4 Unión Española de Ganaderos de Pura Raza Hispano-Árabe, 41001 Sevilla, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-957-21-87-06 Simple Summary: The demographic and genetic diversity structure and the contributions of Spanish (PRE) and Arabian Purebred (PRá) horses to the process of conformation of the Hispano-Arabian Citation: Marín Navas, C.; Delgado (Há) horse breed were evaluated. -
Subchapter H—Animal Breeds
SUBCHAPTER HÐANIMAL BREEDS PART 151ÐRECOGNITION OF Book of record. A printed book or an BREEDS AND BOOKS OF RECORD approved microfilm record sponsored OF PUREBRED ANIMALS by a registry association and contain- ing breeding data relative to a large number of registered purebred animals DEFINITIONS used as a basis for the issuance of pedi- Sec. gree certificates. 151.1 Definitions. Certificates of pure breeding. A certifi- CERTIFICATION OF PUREBRED ANIMALS cate issued by the Administrator, for 151.2 Issuance of a certificate of pure breed- Bureau of Customs use only, certifying ing. that the animal to which the certifi- 151.3 Application for certificate of pure cate refers is a purebred animal of a breeding. recognized breed and duly registered in 151.4 Pedigree certificate. a book of record recognized under the 151.5 Alteration of pedigree certificate. regulations in this part for that breed. 151.6 Statement of owner, agent, or im- porter as to identity of animals. (a) The Act. Item 100.01 in part 1, 151.7 Examination of animal. schedule 1, of title I of the Tariff Act of 151.8 Eligibility of an animal for certifi- 1930, as amended (19 U.S.C. 1202, sched- cation. ule 1, part 1, item 100.01). Department. The United States De- RECOGNITION OF BREEDS AND BOOKS OF RECORD partment of Agriculture. Inspector. An inspector of APHIS or 151.9 Recognized breeds and books of record. 151.10 Recognition of additional breeds and of the Bureau of Customs of the United books of record. States Treasury Department author- 151.11 Form of books of record. -
Draft Horse Handbook
EB1135E Draft Horse Handbook WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION CONTENTS Breeds of Draft Horses ................................................................................................. 1 Belgian ...................................................................................................................... 1 Percheron .................................................................................................................. 1 Clydesdale ................................................................................................................. 2 Shire .......................................................................................................................... 3 Suffolk ....................................................................................................................... 3 Mule .......................................................................................................................... 4 Draft Horse Judging ..................................................................................................... 4 Showing Draft Horses at Halter .................................................................................. 7 The Handler ............................................................................................................... 7 The Horse .................................................................................................................. 7 In the Ring ................................................................................................................ -
Crossbreeding the Andalusian Horse in Short
Crossbreeding the Andalusian Horse By Sarah Gately-Wilson The Andalusian horse is growing in popularity and its future is full of endless possibilities. The purebred Andalusian is highly versatile and capable of being successful in any discipline; however, with just over 10,000 registered purebreds in the U.S. these horses are still very rare and not easy to acquire. To fill the growing demand for the qualities the Andalusians possess many breeders are turning to crossbreeding. Some of the crosses have been bred long enough to establish breeds in their own right and some are just getting started. A few acknowledged crosses include the Iberian Warmblood, the Azteca (AQHA), the Spanish-Norman (Percheron), the Warlander (Friesian), and the Hispano-Arabe. When looking for an Andalusian to breed, whether to another Andalusian or to an outside breed, you should look for one with a good-looking head set on an arching neck, a broad forehead, well-placed ears, and almond shaped eyes that are alive and kind. The Andalusian should have an abundant tail, set low and hung tightly against the body; the mane as well should be thick. It should have well-defined withers preceding a short back and broad strong hindquarters. When Spain claimed the New World, the Spanish horse was there to help. On his second voyage in 1493, Christopher Columbus brought the Andalusian horse to the Americas. Every subsequent expedition also contained Andalusians in its Cargo. Breeding farms were established in the Caribbean to provide mounts for the Conquistadors as they explored and settled the New World.