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Effect of Genetic and Non-Genetic Factors on First Lactation Production Traits in Tharparkar Cattle

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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(2): 2160-2164 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 02 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.802.250 Effect of Genetic and Non-Genetic Factors on First Lactation Production Traits in Tharparkar Cattle Garima Choudhary*, U. Pannu, G.C. Gahlot and Sunita Meena Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT The present study was conducted on 91 Tharparkar cows maintained at the Livestock K e yw or ds Research Station, Beechwal, Bikaner for 11 years i.e. from 2006 to 2016. The data were analysed with the objective of performance appraisal of Tharparkar cattle with respect to Tharparkar , Production traits, production traits and to study the effect of genetic factor i.e. sire group and non genetic Genetic factors, factors i.e. period and season of calving on production traits. The overall least-squares Non -genetic factors means for first lactation milk yield (FLMY), first lactation length (FLL), first lactation dry period (FDP), lactation milk yield per day of first lactation length (LMY/FLL) and Article Info lactation milk yield per day of first calving interval (LMY/FCI) were found to be 1832.99±42.43 kg, 283.65±7.65 days, 148.14±6.05 days, 6.18±0.14 kg/day and 4.03±0.12 Accepted: 18 January 2019 kg/day. The effect of sire was found to be significant on first lactation production traits. Available Online: The Period of calving had significant effect on FLL and LMY/FCI, while season of 10S February 2019 calving had no significant effect on first lactation production traits. The AFC had significant effect on FLMY and FLL. Introduction climatic conditions. These breeds are now losing ground due to intense competition from Livestock sector is the backbone of Indian other breeds and risk of economic viability rural economy in terms of sustaining income under the present system of management. and employment. Due to tremendous contribution of cattle to the Indian agriculture, Tharparkar breed is adapted to the harsh livelihood and food security, cow has climatic conditions with extremes of occupied a prime position in rural life of temperature, sand storms, recurrent famines India. Various indigenous breeds of cattle in and xeric vegetation which are totally the country are the result of selection for unsuitable for dairy animals. In arid and semi thousands of years, evolution and arid zones, Tharparkar cattle play an development of the wild species in the important role in milk production and reared process of domestication to the local agro in the drought prone region of northwest 2160 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(2): 2160-2164 India, especially Jaisalmer, Jodhpur February). The analysis was carried out using (Rajasthan) and Kutch region of Gujarat. least-squares and maximum likelihood Since this breed has been used extensively for computer program of Harvey (1990) with the crossbreeding in the past, only limited number following mixed model: of purebred animals of this breed is available at present in their home tract. In view of the Yijkl= µ + Si + Aj + Bk + b ( Xijkl - X̅ ) + eijkl importance of the breed, efforts need to be th th made for the conservation of Tharparkar Where, Yijkl= observation on the l cow of i cattle. Various criteria of selection can be sire, born in jth period and kth season, µ = used to bring about genetic improvement in Overall population mean, Si = random effect th th overall performance of Tharparkar cattle. For of i sire,Aj= fixed effect of j period of th formulating breeding programmes for dairy calving,Bk = fixed effect of k season of cattle it is essential to evaluate the calving, b = The regression of variable on age performance in terms of various production at first calving, Xijkl = age at first calving traits which are of economic importance. corresponding to Yijkl, X̅ = average age at first 2 Knowledge of genetic and non genetic factors calving, eijkl= Random error NID( 0,σ ). influencing performance traits is also important for the success of any breeding Results and Discussion programme. The least squares means of first lactation Materials and Methods production traits are presented in Table 1. The least-squares mean for first lactation milk The data for the present investigation were yield was observed to be 1832.99 ± 42.43 kg obtained from the records of Tharparkar in present investigation. Similar findings were cattle, located at the Livestock Research reported by Rahumathulla et al., (1994) and Station, Beechwal, Bikaner. Records of the 91 Hussain et al., (2015) in Tharparkar cows. cows which calved during the year 2006 to The effect of period of calving on FLMY was 2016 were included in the study. Some found to be non- significant. Doharey (2012) animals were shifted from Livestock Research in Hariana cattle also reported similar results. Station, Chandan, Jaisalmer to Livestock Research Station, Beechwal, Bikaner in the Effect of season of calving did not exhibit year 2011 along with their records. Records significant effect on FLMY. The present of these animals were also included in the results are in line with the results ofHussain et study. al., (2015) in Tharparkar, Dahiya (2002) and Doharey (2012) in Hariana cattle. This might The production traits studied were first be due to adaptability of animals to local lactation milk yield (FLMY), first lactation climatic conditions. The effect of sire on first length (FLL), first dry period (FDP), lactation lactation milk yield in Tharparkar cows was milk yield per day of first lactation length observed to be significant. Similar findings (LMY/FLL), lactation milk yield per day of were also reported by Dahiya (2002) and first calving interval (LMY/FCI). The entire Doharey (2012) in Hariana cattle. The results duration from year 2006 to 2016 was divided suggested that sire is a significant source of into four periods viz. P1 (2006 - 2008), P2 causing variability in the first lactation milk (2009 - 2010) P3 (2011-2013), P4 (2014- yield. The significant effect of sire indicated 2016). Each year divided into three seasons that sire selection for this trait can bring viz. summer S1 (March to June), monsoon S2 further genetic improvement in the herd. (July to October) and winter S3 (November to 2161 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(2): 2160-2164 Table.1 Least-squares mean ± SE for FDP, FLL, FLMY, LMY/FLL and LMY/FCI Traits FLMY FLL FDP LMY/FLL LMY/FCI Over all 1832.99±42.43 283.65±7.65 148.14±6.05 6.18±0.14(91) 4.03±0.12 mean (91) (91) (83) (83) Sire * ** * * * Period NS * NS NS * P1 1842.83±163.44 297.91±28.09a 109.84±23.42 6.04±0.47 4.43±0.40ab (2006 - (18) (18) (16) (18) (16) 2008) P2 1618.34±155.95 239.57± 27.16b 148.37±24.08 6.49±0.44 3.81±0.42bc (2009 - (15) (15) (9) (15) (9) 2010) P3 1864.13±139.19 278.10±25.11a 153.07±18.31 6.33±0.39 4.60±0.29a (2011- (28) (28) (28) (28) (28) 2013) P4 1880.84±145.14 299.13±25.83a 171.54±21.72 6.03±0.41 3.33±0.36c (2014- (30) (30) (30) (30) (30) 2016) Season NS NS NS NS NS S1 1806.44±132.79 282.20±24.34 149.43±18.59 6.16±0.37 3.99±0.29 (Summer) (40) (40) (34) (40) (34) S2 1778.96±195.09 275.57±32.17 152.37±26.60 6.29±0.57 4.02±0.47 (monsoon) (9) (9) (9) (9) (9) S3 1819.20±131.36 278.26±24.18 135.32±17.53 6.22±0.36 4.11±0.27 (winter) (42) (42) (40) (42) (40) Regression * ** NS NS NS on AFC Regression 0.4444±0.2218 0.1104±0.0326 0.0413±0.0345 -0.0009±0.0007 -0.0005±0.0007 coefficient (** - Highly significant (P≤ 0.01); * - Significant (P≤0.05); NS - Non-significant) The least-squares analysis of variance of data significant effect of period of calving on FLL. revealed that regression of first lactation milk The significant difference in FLL is probably yield on age at first calving was significant (P due to different fodder availability and ≤ 0.05) and positive. The least squares different managemental conditions in estimate of first lactation length was 283.65 ± different periods. Effect of season of calving 7.65 days in the present study. It is almost did not exhibit significant effect on first similar to the estimates reported by lactation length. The present results are in line Panneerselvon et al., (1990) and with the results of Gahlot (1999) in Rahumathulla et al., (1994) in Tharparkar Tharparkar and Doharey (2012) in Hariana cattle. The analysis of variance (Table 1) cattle. The results of this study revealed that revealed that the effect of period of calving the effect of sire on FLL in Tharparkar cows was significant (P ≤ 0.05) for first lactation was observed to be highly significant. Similar length. Gahlot(1999) and Hussain et al., findings were also reported by Singh (2015) (2015) in Tharparkar cattle also observed in Sahiwal cattle. The regression of FLL on 2162 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(2): 2160-2164 AFC was found to be highly significant (P ≤ as 4.03 ± 0.12 kg/day.
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