DOCSLIB.ORG

Effect of Genetic and Non-Genetic Factors on First Lactation Production Traits in Tharparkar Cattle

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Effect of Genetic and Non-Genetic Factors on First Lactation Production Traits in Tharparkar Cattle Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(2): 2160-2164 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 02 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.802.250 Effect of Genetic and Non-Genetic Factors on First Lactation Production Traits in Tharparkar Cattle Garima Choudhary*, U. Pannu, G.C. Gahlot and Sunita Meena Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT The present study was conducted on 91 Tharparkar cows maintained at the Livestock K e yw or ds Research Station, Beechwal, Bikaner for 11 years i.e. from 2006 to 2016. The data were analysed with the objective of performance appraisal of Tharparkar cattle with respect to Tharparkar , Production traits, production traits and to study the effect of genetic factor i.e. sire group and non genetic Genetic factors, factors i.e. period and season of calving on production traits. The overall least-squares Non -genetic factors means for first lactation milk yield (FLMY), first lactation length (FLL), first lactation dry period (FDP), lactation milk yield per day of first lactation length (LMY/FLL) and Article Info lactation milk yield per day of first calving interval (LMY/FCI) were found to be 1832.99±42.43 kg, 283.65±7.65 days, 148.14±6.05 days, 6.18±0.14 kg/day and 4.03±0.12 Accepted: 18 January 2019 kg/day. The effect of sire was found to be significant on first lactation production traits. Available Online: The Period of calving had significant effect on FLL and LMY/FCI, while season of 10S February 2019 calving had no significant effect on first lactation production traits. The AFC had significant effect on FLMY and FLL. Introduction climatic conditions. These breeds are now losing ground due to intense competition from Livestock sector is the backbone of Indian other breeds and risk of economic viability rural economy in terms of sustaining income under the present system of management. and employment. Due to tremendous contribution of cattle to the Indian agriculture, Tharparkar breed is adapted to the harsh livelihood and food security, cow has climatic conditions with extremes of occupied a prime position in rural life of temperature, sand storms, recurrent famines India. Various indigenous breeds of cattle in and xeric vegetation which are totally the country are the result of selection for unsuitable for dairy animals. In arid and semi thousands of years, evolution and arid zones, Tharparkar cattle play an development of the wild species in the important role in milk production and reared process of domestication to the local agro in the drought prone region of northwest 2160 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(2): 2160-2164 India, especially Jaisalmer, Jodhpur February). The analysis was carried out using (Rajasthan) and Kutch region of Gujarat. least-squares and maximum likelihood Since this breed has been used extensively for computer program of Harvey (1990) with the crossbreeding in the past, only limited number following mixed model: of purebred animals of this breed is available at present in their home tract. In view of the Yijkl= µ + Si + Aj + Bk + b ( Xijkl - X̅ ) + eijkl importance of the breed, efforts need to be th th made for the conservation of Tharparkar Where, Yijkl= observation on the l cow of i cattle. Various criteria of selection can be sire, born in jth period and kth season, µ = used to bring about genetic improvement in Overall population mean, Si = random effect th th overall performance of Tharparkar cattle. For of i sire,Aj= fixed effect of j period of th formulating breeding programmes for dairy calving,Bk = fixed effect of k season of cattle it is essential to evaluate the calving, b = The regression of variable on age performance in terms of various production at first calving, Xijkl = age at first calving traits which are of economic importance. corresponding to Yijkl, X̅ = average age at first 2 Knowledge of genetic and non genetic factors calving, eijkl= Random error NID( 0,σ ). influencing performance traits is also important for the success of any breeding Results and Discussion programme. The least squares means of first lactation Materials and Methods production traits are presented in Table 1. The least-squares mean for first lactation milk The data for the present investigation were yield was observed to be 1832.99 ± 42.43 kg obtained from the records of Tharparkar in present investigation. Similar findings were cattle, located at the Livestock Research reported by Rahumathulla et al., (1994) and Station, Beechwal, Bikaner. Records of the 91 Hussain et al., (2015) in Tharparkar cows. cows which calved during the year 2006 to The effect of period of calving on FLMY was 2016 were included in the study. Some found to be non- significant. Doharey (2012) animals were shifted from Livestock Research in Hariana cattle also reported similar results. Station, Chandan, Jaisalmer to Livestock Research Station, Beechwal, Bikaner in the Effect of season of calving did not exhibit year 2011 along with their records. Records significant effect on FLMY. The present of these animals were also included in the results are in line with the results ofHussain et study. al., (2015) in Tharparkar, Dahiya (2002) and Doharey (2012) in Hariana cattle. This might The production traits studied were first be due to adaptability of animals to local lactation milk yield (FLMY), first lactation climatic conditions. The effect of sire on first length (FLL), first dry period (FDP), lactation lactation milk yield in Tharparkar cows was milk yield per day of first lactation length observed to be significant. Similar findings (LMY/FLL), lactation milk yield per day of were also reported by Dahiya (2002) and first calving interval (LMY/FCI). The entire Doharey (2012) in Hariana cattle. The results duration from year 2006 to 2016 was divided suggested that sire is a significant source of into four periods viz. P1 (2006 - 2008), P2 causing variability in the first lactation milk (2009 - 2010) P3 (2011-2013), P4 (2014- yield. The significant effect of sire indicated 2016). Each year divided into three seasons that sire selection for this trait can bring viz. summer S1 (March to June), monsoon S2 further genetic improvement in the herd. (July to October) and winter S3 (November to 2161 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(2): 2160-2164 Table.1 Least-squares mean ± SE for FDP, FLL, FLMY, LMY/FLL and LMY/FCI Traits FLMY FLL FDP LMY/FLL LMY/FCI Over all 1832.99±42.43 283.65±7.65 148.14±6.05 6.18±0.14(91) 4.03±0.12 mean (91) (91) (83) (83) Sire * ** * * * Period NS * NS NS * P1 1842.83±163.44 297.91±28.09a 109.84±23.42 6.04±0.47 4.43±0.40ab (2006 - (18) (18) (16) (18) (16) 2008) P2 1618.34±155.95 239.57± 27.16b 148.37±24.08 6.49±0.44 3.81±0.42bc (2009 - (15) (15) (9) (15) (9) 2010) P3 1864.13±139.19 278.10±25.11a 153.07±18.31 6.33±0.39 4.60±0.29a (2011- (28) (28) (28) (28) (28) 2013) P4 1880.84±145.14 299.13±25.83a 171.54±21.72 6.03±0.41 3.33±0.36c (2014- (30) (30) (30) (30) (30) 2016) Season NS NS NS NS NS S1 1806.44±132.79 282.20±24.34 149.43±18.59 6.16±0.37 3.99±0.29 (Summer) (40) (40) (34) (40) (34) S2 1778.96±195.09 275.57±32.17 152.37±26.60 6.29±0.57 4.02±0.47 (monsoon) (9) (9) (9) (9) (9) S3 1819.20±131.36 278.26±24.18 135.32±17.53 6.22±0.36 4.11±0.27 (winter) (42) (42) (40) (42) (40) Regression * ** NS NS NS on AFC Regression 0.4444±0.2218 0.1104±0.0326 0.0413±0.0345 -0.0009±0.0007 -0.0005±0.0007 coefficient (** - Highly significant (P≤ 0.01); * - Significant (P≤0.05); NS - Non-significant) The least-squares analysis of variance of data significant effect of period of calving on FLL. revealed that regression of first lactation milk The significant difference in FLL is probably yield on age at first calving was significant (P due to different fodder availability and ≤ 0.05) and positive. The least squares different managemental conditions in estimate of first lactation length was 283.65 ± different periods. Effect of season of calving 7.65 days in the present study. It is almost did not exhibit significant effect on first similar to the estimates reported by lactation length. The present results are in line Panneerselvon et al., (1990) and with the results of Gahlot (1999) in Rahumathulla et al., (1994) in Tharparkar Tharparkar and Doharey (2012) in Hariana cattle. The analysis of variance (Table 1) cattle. The results of this study revealed that revealed that the effect of period of calving the effect of sire on FLL in Tharparkar cows was significant (P ≤ 0.05) for first lactation was observed to be highly significant. Similar length. Gahlot(1999) and Hussain et al., findings were also reported by Singh (2015) (2015) in Tharparkar cattle also observed in Sahiwal cattle. The regression of FLL on 2162 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(2): 2160-2164 AFC was found to be highly significant (P ≤ as 4.03 ± 0.12 kg/day.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Country Report on Animal Genetic Resources of India
    COUNTRY REPORT ON ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES OF INDIA DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY & DAIRYING MINISTRY OF AGRICUCLTURE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA Preparation of Country Report on AnGR Training for the preparation of Country Report was provided by the FAO (at Bangkok) to three Scientists viz. Dr. D K Sadana, PS from NBAGR, Dr. A. Batobyal, Jt. Commissioner, GOI and Dr. Vineet Bhasin, Sr. Scientist, ICAR. The NBAGR, Karnal was identified as the Nodal Institute to prepare the draft Country Report. The scientists of the Animal Genetic Resources Division prepared answers to the background questions, collected livestock data from various sources, examined, discussed and compiled the received input. Chief Nodal Officers of the five regions of the country (North, West, South, East and North East) were identified to coordinate the collection of information from the Nodal Officers (Data contributors) from different states of the Country. Three national workshops were organized, two at NBAGR, Karnal and one at UAS, Bangalore.In the National Workshops, the Nodal Officers from different states were given training and guidelines for answering the background questions. Subsequently, the Draft Report was updated with the details received from nodal officers and other data contributors. Following scientists have contributed in writing and preparation of the Draft Country Report on AnGR: 1. Dr. V.K. Taneja, DDG (AS), ICAR, New Delhi 2. Dr. S.P.S. Ahlawat, Director, NBAGR, National Coordinator 3. Dr. D.K. Sadana, P.S., Organising Secretary 4. Dr. Anand Jain, Sr. Scientist & Support Scientist for NE Region 5. Dr. P.K. Vij, Sr. Scientist & Chief Nodal Officer - Northern Region 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Unit 4 Milch Breeds
    UNIT 4 MILCH BREEDS Structure 4.0 Objectives 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Milch Breeds of Cattle Indigenous Milch and Dual-purpose Breed Exotic Dairy Cattle Breeds Synthetic Crossbred Cattle Strains Breed Improvement in Cattle 4.3 Milch Breeds of Buffaloes Breed Improvement in Buffaloes 4.4 Milch Breeds of Goats Indigenous Goat breeds Exotic Dairy Goat Breeds Breed Improvement in Goats 4.5 Let Us Sum Up 4.6 Key Words 4.7 Some Useful Books 4.8 Answers to check your Progress 4.0 OBJECTIVES After reading this unit, we shall be able to: enumerate the names of different milch breeds of cattle, buffalo and goat; state the distribution of these breeds in their respective home tracts; describe the physical characteristics of these breeds; performance of these breeds; specify the reproduction and production; and indicate the concept of breed improvement. 4.1 INTRODUCTION Cattle, buffalo and goats constituting 404.1 million population are three major domestic animal species, which contribute over 91.0 million tonnes milk in the country. The buffaloes contribute maximum (52%) to total milk production followed by cattle (45%) and goats (3%). There are large number of well descript breeds of cattle, buffalo and goats which are widely distributed under different agro-climatic regions. Besides these, there is large population of non-descript animals. A breed is a group of inter-breeding domestic animals of a species. It shows similarity among its individuals in certain distinguishable characteristics (colour, shape, size of body parts). The breeds have been developed as a result of selection and breeding based on the needs of mankind as well as adaptation to agro-climatic conditions of their native home tracts.
    [Show full text]
  • Study of Certain Reproductive and Productive Performance Parameters
    The Pharma Innovation Journal 2020; 9(9): 270-274 ISSN (E): 2277- 7695 ISSN (P): 2349-8242 NAAS Rating: 5.03 Study of certain reproductive and productive TPI 2020; 9(9): 270-274 © 2020 TPI performance parameters of malnad gidda cattle in its www.thepharmajournal.com Received: 21-06-2020 native tract Accepted: 07-08-2020 Murugeppa A Murugeppa A, Tandle MK, Shridhar NB, Prakash N, Sahadev A, Vijaya Associate Professor and Head, Department of Veterinary Kumar Shettar, Nagaraja BN and Renukaradhya GJ Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Veterinary College, Shivamogga, Abstract Karnataka, India The study was conducted to establish baseline information pertaining to productive and reproductive performance of Malnad Gidda and its crossbred in Shivamogga District of Karnataka. The data from 286 Tandle MK animals reared by 98 farmers from Thirtahalli, Hosanagara and Sagara taluks of Shivamogga district Director of Instruction (PGS), Karnataka Veterinary Animal were collected through a structured questionnaire. The parameters such as age at puberty (25.15±0.29 and Fisheries University, Bidar, months); age at first calving (39.32±2.99 months); dry period (6.22±1.26 months); calving interval Karnataka, India (13.68±2.55 months); gestation period (282.14±9.03 days); service period (136.73±10.03 days); lactation length (258.22 ± 10.95 days); milk yield per day (3.69±0.32 kg); total milk yield (227.19±8.31 kg); days Shridhar NB to reach peak milk yield (46.19±0.51 day); birth weight of the new born calf (8.71±0.45 kg); time taken Professor and Head, Department for placental expulsion of placenta (4.63±0.39 hours); onset of postpartum estrous (77.64±1.98 days); of Veterinary Pharmacology and Duration of estrous period (15.25±1.67 hours); time of ovulation (15.15 ± 1.7 hours) and length of estrus Toxicology, Veterinary College cycle (22.63±2.96.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Diversity Among Indian Gir, Deoni and Kankrej Cattle Breeds Based on Microsatellite Markers
    Indian Journal of Biotechnology Vol 9, April 2010, pp 126-130 Genetic diversity among Indian Gir, Deoni and Kankrej cattle breeds based on microsatellite markers D S Kale*, D N Rank, C G Joshi 1, B R Yadav 2, P G Koringa, K M Thakkar, T C Tolenkhomba 2 and J V Solanki Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding and 1Department of Animal Biotechnology College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388 001, India 2Livestock Genome Analysis Laboratory, Dairy Cattle Breeding Division National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal 132 001, India Received 27 October 2008; revised 17 June 2009; accepted 20 August 2009 The present study was conducted to examine genetic diversity, genetic differentiation and genetic relationship among Gir, Deoni and Kankrej cattle breeds using microsatellite markers. The number of alleles observed at different loci ranged from 5 (HEL5) to 8 (CSRM60) with a total of 46 alleles across three breeds. The overall heterozygosity and polymorphic information content (PIC) values were 0.730 and 0.749, respectively. Nei’s standard genetic distance was least between Gir and Kankrej and highest between Deoni and Kankrej. In the analyzed loci, an overall significant deficit of heterozygotes across these breeds was found and it could be due to inbreeding within breeds. The overall genetic differentiation ( FST ) among breeds was moderate, but significantly different. All loci, except INRA035, contributed significantly to the overall differentiation. The highest FST values were found in HEL5 and lowest in INRA035. The overall Nem value indicated a high rate of genetic flow between the breeds, which is in agreement with their origin of close proximity in the geographical area.
    [Show full text]
  • Are Adaptations Present to Support Dairy Cattle Productivity in Warm Climates?
    J. Dairy Sci. 94 :2147–2158 doi: 10.3168/jds.2010-3962 © American Dairy Science Association®, 2011 . Invited review: Are adaptations present to support dairy cattle productivity in warm climates? A. Berman 1 Department of Animal Science, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel ABSTRACT breeds did not increase heat dissipation capacity, but rather diminished climate-induced strain by decreas- Environmental heat stress, present during warm ing milk production. The negative relationship between seasons and warm episodes, severely impairs dairy reproductive efficiency and milk yield, although rela- cattle performance, particularly in warmer climates. tively low, also appears in Zebu cattle. This association, It is widely viewed that warm climate breeds (Zebu coupled with limited feed intake, acting over millennia, and Sanga cattle) are adapted to the climate in which probably created the selection pressure for a low milk they evolved. Such adaptations might be exploited for production in these breeds. increasing cattle productivity in warm climates and Key words: heat stress , adaptations , dairy productiv- decrease the effect of warm periods in cooler climates. ity The literature was reviewed for presence of such ad- aptations. Evidence is clear for resistance to ticks and INTRODUCTION tick-transmitted diseases in Zebu and Sanga breeds as well as for a possible development of resistance to Environmental stress has a severe effect on the pro- ticks in additional breeds. Development of resistance ductivity of animals and, in particular, on that of dairy to ticks demands time; hence, it needs to be balanced cattle. Environmental stress is a stumbling block for with potential use of insecticides or vaccination.
    [Show full text]
  • BULLETIN (Nov 2017-Dec 2018)
    1 Aspire IASThe name associated with excellence PT POINTERS–2020 TEA TIME BULLetin- 360-PT shots TEA TIME BULLETIN NEWSPAPER –360-PT Shots (Nov 2017-Dec 2018) © Copyright Aspire IAS All rights are reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of Aspire lAS. Aspire IASThe name associated with excellence 10/70 Old Rajeneder Nagar N.Delhi www.aspireias.com 8010068998/9999801394 ©2018 ASPIRE IAS. All rights reserved 2 Aspire IASThe name associated with excellence PT POINTERS–2020 TEA TIME BULLetin- 360-PT shots 1. Rohingyas • children affected by disasters and climate • Sufi induced Sunni Muslim. change etc • Lived in Burma since 12th century after India, 4. International vaccine institute China. at Seoul, South Korea • Stateless started in 1997 • Their dialect is Bengali by the initiative of UNDP • Other ethnic groups of Myanmar: - India full time member Bamar 5. Indian Pharma and medical device 2017 Shan conference Karen Themes: Kachin • Medical devices – ‘shaping the future- making the right choices’ Chin • Karenni Pharma – ‘shaping future of Indian Pharma’ Mon 6. Dhanush guns Kokang Chinese • upgraded version of Bofors Howitzer Rakhine • upgraded by Ordnance Factory Board Rohingyas Jabalpur 2. Factors affecting BIOME • maximum range 40 km Temperature [mean + variation] 7. Intergovernmental oceanographic Moisture Commission -150 members country Sunlight 8. Clouds are the result of adiabatic cooling Growing season generally. Soil 9. Golconda Fort important for diamonds, Drainage underground tunnel and clap sound that can Wind be heard even at the roof.
    [Show full text]
  • Complaint Report
    EXHIBIT A ARKANSAS LIVESTOCK & POULTRY COMMISSION #1 NATURAL RESOURCES DR. LITTLE ROCK, AR 72205 501-907-2400 Complaint Report Type of Complaint Received By Date Assigned To COMPLAINANT PREMISES VISITED/SUSPECTED VIOLATOR Name Name Address Address City City Phone Phone Inspector/Investigator's Findings: Signed Date Return to Heath Harris, Field Supervisor DP-7/DP-46 SPECIAL MATERIALS & MARKETPLACE SAMPLE REPORT ARKANSAS STATE PLANT BOARD Pesticide Division #1 Natural Resources Drive Little Rock, Arkansas 72205 Insp. # Case # Lab # DATE: Sampled: Received: Reported: Sampled At Address GPS Coordinates: N W This block to be used for Marketplace Samples only Manufacturer Address City/State/Zip Brand Name: EPA Reg. #: EPA Est. #: Lot #: Container Type: # on Hand Wt./Size #Sampled Circle appropriate description: [Non-Slurry Liquid] [Slurry Liquid] [Dust] [Granular] [Other] Other Sample Soil Vegetation (describe) Description: (Place check in Water Clothing (describe) appropriate square) Use Dilution Other (describe) Formulation Dilution Rate as mixed Analysis Requested: (Use common pesticide name) Guarantee in Tank (if use dilution) Chain of Custody Date Received by (Received for Lab) Inspector Name Inspector (Print) Signature Check box if Dealer desires copy of completed analysis 9 ARKANSAS LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY COMMISSION #1 Natural Resources Drive Little Rock, Arkansas 72205 (501) 225-1598 REPORT ON FLEA MARKETS OR SALES CHECKED Poultry to be tested for pullorum typhoid are: exotic chickens, upland birds (chickens, pheasants, pea fowl, and backyard chickens). Must be identified with a leg band, wing band, or tattoo. Exemptions are those from a certified free NPIP flock or 90-day certificate test for pullorum typhoid. Water fowl need not test for pullorum typhoid unless they originate from out of state.
    [Show full text]
  • Ip in GEOGRAPHY
    Development and Future Prospects of Dairy and Dairy Industry of Uttar Pradesh DISSEF'vTATlON SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF fSasiter of $btlosiop|ip IN GEOGRAPHY BY RAIS SHIREEN Under the Supervision of Dr. S. M. Shahid Hasan DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH, (INDIA) 10 8 8 DS1445 ^\ / /v d^iy Fhone: 5 6 6 1 DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY ALtGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSiT'. ALJGARH January 28, 1988 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the dissertation on "Development and Future Prospects of Dairy and Dairy Industry of Uttar Pradesh" has written by Ms, Rais Shireen under my supervision and that is fit for submission for evaluation as partial fulfilment of the requirements of her M.Phil Programme in Geography. ,; ^, t v^' /vj^ (S.M.Shahid Hasan) Supervisor ACKKOV/LEDGrMSNT I wish to offer my profound gratitude to my Supervisor Dr.S.M, Shahid Hasan, for his excellent guidance, keen interest, constant support and constructive criticism throughout the course of this study, I am highly grateful to Prof. Abdul Aziz, Chairman, Department of Geography for the generous availability of all kinds of research facilities, 1 om also grateful to Prof. Mehdi Raza for his persistent interest and encouragement at all levels, My sincere thanks are also due to all my teachers and colleagues for many helpful discussions and their continuous help. Words fall short to offer my gratefulness to my parents, always a source of inspiration, for their encouragements throughout. Lastly but not least I am highly thankful to my husband, Mr. Rais, for his patience and amicable cooperation, Mr. Najrauddin and Mrs.
    [Show full text]
  • Heterosis–Genetic Basis and Utilization for Improvement of Dairy Cattle: a Review
    Research & Reviews: Journal of Dairy Science andTechnology ISSN: 2319-3409(online), ISSN:2349-3704(print) Volume 5, Issue 2 www.stmjournals.com Heterosis–Genetic Basis and Utilization for Improvement of Dairy Cattle: A Review Manoj Kumar1,*, Poonam Ratwan1, Anil Kumar2 1Animal Genetics and Breeding Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India 2Division of Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India Abstract The phenomenon in which progeny of crosses between inbred lines or purebred populations are better than the expected average of the two populations or lines for a particular trait is known as heterosis. Utilization of heterosis is the main goal of crossbreeding. The amount of heterosis maintained in a herd depends on the type of crossbreeding system selected for breeding. Heterosis includes greater viability, faster growth rate and greater milk production in dairy cattle. The genetic basis of heterosis is nonadditive gene action (dominance, overdominance, pseudo-overdominance, and epistasis). The main requirements for heterosis are there must be genetic diversity between the breeds crossed and there must be some nonadditive gene effects present for the particular trait involved. No heterosis was observed for traits governed by additive gene action. However, it tends to be greatest for traits with low heritability and least for traits with high heritability in nature. Traits of low heritability (reproductive traits) are generally most benefited from heterosis as compare to high heritability (growth rate). They can be improved through the adequate use of crossbreeding systems. Keywords: Crossbreeding, heterosis, cattle *Author for Correspondence E-mail: [email protected] INTRODUCTION [2]; larger these differences greater the Heterosis has been defined as the superiority heterozygosity and the heterosis effects.
    [Show full text]
  • India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh, the Middle East, Egypt, Turkey and More Countries
    India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh, The Middle East, Egypt, Turkey and more countries Indiaaccountsfor7.6%of theworldsmilkproduction cows. Taylor cattle are hump-less and black, grey or red in colour. India is the world’s second largest cow’s In 1988 it was estimated that the milk producer, accounting for 7.6% of breed numbered between 100 and 1,000 world production and producing over 44 animals. Today the breed is probably al- million tonnes in 2008. And India is en- most extinct. William Taylor, the Com- dowed with the largest livestock popula- missioner of Patna Division, in 1856, tion in the world. It accounts for 57 % of had started an Industrial Institution by the world’s buffalo population and 14% raising funds from the public. There was of the cattle population. to be a breeding establishment of cattle, According to Livestock Census sheep and pigs as a section of this Insti- (2003), the country has about 185 mil- tution. lion cattle and 98 million buffaloes. India With this idea in view, he obtained possesses 27 acknowledged indigenous four English bulls. There is no definite in- Australian Jerseys in India. In 1971, some breeds of cattle and seven breeds of buf- formation as to the exact history or breed 300 Jerseys were exported from Australia faloes. (Source: India Year Book 2008). of these bulls. A close study, however, of to India. The cattle were a gift from the A significant increase compared to the physical conformation of their prog- Australian Government to India under the 1982, when the chairman of the National eny leads one to surmise that they were Colombo plan which was a post-colonial Dairy Development Board in India, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Performance of Crossbred Dairy Cattle at Military Dairy Farms in Pakistan
    Hassan and Khan The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 23(3): 2013, Page:J.705 Anim.-714 Plant Sci. 23(3):2013 ISSN: 1018-7081 PERFORMANCE OF CROSSBRED DAIRY CATTLE AT MILITARY DAIRY FARMS IN PAKISTAN F. Hassan and M. S. Khan Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Crossbreeding has been considered as a quick way of increasing performance of low productive tropical breeds. Crossbreeding of indigenous cattle with exotic such as Holstein is underway in Pakistan for the last four decades. Data on first lactation milk yield of crossbred dairy cattle (n=2025) from three Military dairy herds for 1985-2006 were used for this study to evaluate performance of crossbred dairy cattle. The exotic cattle represented mainly Holstein while Jersey, Ayrshire and Red Dane were also used sporadically. The local cattle were generally Sahiwal. The total first lactation milk yield for crossbreds averaged 1633±47.0 kg. The highest total milk yield was found for Neelum Military dairy farm (2328±62.3 kg) and lowest for Lahore Military dairy farm (1356±50.1 kg). These values had almost 1000 kg range. The first lactation length in this study averaged 240±5.5 days. Cows had longest lactation length at Neelum Military farm (264±6.8 days) while cows at Lahore Military farm (229±5.5 days) had the shorter lactations. First lactation performance of different genetic groups showed higher total milk yield for 50% exotic inheritance (1749±33.3 kg) as compared to all other genetic groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Snomed Ct Dicom Subset of January 2017 Release of Snomed Ct International Edition
    SNOMED CT DICOM SUBSET OF JANUARY 2017 RELEASE OF SNOMED CT INTERNATIONAL EDITION EXHIBIT A: SNOMED CT DICOM SUBSET VERSION 1.
    [Show full text]