DOCSLIB.ORG

Country Report on Animal Genetic Resources of India

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Country Report on Animal Genetic Resources of India COUNTRY REPORT ON ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES OF INDIA DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY & DAIRYING MINISTRY OF AGRICUCLTURE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA Preparation of Country Report on AnGR Training for the preparation of Country Report was provided by the FAO (at Bangkok) to three Scientists viz. Dr. D K Sadana, PS from NBAGR, Dr. A. Batobyal, Jt. Commissioner, GOI and Dr. Vineet Bhasin, Sr. Scientist, ICAR. The NBAGR, Karnal was identified as the Nodal Institute to prepare the draft Country Report. The scientists of the Animal Genetic Resources Division prepared answers to the background questions, collected livestock data from various sources, examined, discussed and compiled the received input. Chief Nodal Officers of the five regions of the country (North, West, South, East and North East) were identified to coordinate the collection of information from the Nodal Officers (Data contributors) from different states of the Country. Three national workshops were organized, two at NBAGR, Karnal and one at UAS, Bangalore.In the National Workshops, the Nodal Officers from different states were given training and guidelines for answering the background questions. Subsequently, the Draft Report was updated with the details received from nodal officers and other data contributors. Following scientists have contributed in writing and preparation of the Draft Country Report on AnGR: 1. Dr. V.K. Taneja, DDG (AS), ICAR, New Delhi 2. Dr. S.P.S. Ahlawat, Director, NBAGR, National Coordinator 3. Dr. D.K. Sadana, P.S., Organising Secretary 4. Dr. Anand Jain, Sr. Scientist & Support Scientist for NE Region 5. Dr. P.K. Vij, Sr. Scientist & Chief Nodal Officer - Northern Region 6. Dr. M.S. Tantia, Sr. Scientist & Support Scientist for Northern Region 7. Dr. P.K. Singh, Sr. Scientist Support Scientist for Western Region 8. Dr. Goutam Sahana, Scientist (SS) & Support Scientist for Eastern Region 9. Dr. Vineet Bhasin, Senior Scientist, ICAR, New Delhi 10. Dr. A. Batobyal, Joint Commissioner, Dept. of AH & Dairying, GOI. 11. Dr. P.C. Dash, Joint Commissioner, Dept. of AH & Dairying, GOI, Member Secretary, NCC Chief Nodal Officers 1. Dr. S.B. Gokhale, BAIF, Urulikanchan, Pune - Western Region 2. Dr. M.G. Govindaiah, UAS, Bangalore - Southern Region 3. Dr. R.K. Misra, NDRI-ERS, Kalyani (WB) - Eastern Region 4. Dr. Dharmeswar Das, A A U, Khanapara - NE Region Other Scientists of NBAGR & Other ICAR Institutes 1. Dr. Gurmej Singh, PS 2. Dr. S.C. Gupta, PS 3. Dr. Neelam Gupta, Sr. Scientist 4. Dr. B.P. Mishra, Sr. Scientist 5. Dr. R. A.K. Aggarwal, Sr. Scientist 6. Dr. R.K. Pundir, Sr. Scientist 7. Dr. S.P. Dixit, Scientist (SS) 8. Dr. Rekha Sharma, Scientist (SS) 9. Dr. Avtar Singh, NDRI, Karnal. 10. Dr. G.K. Gaur, PDC, Meerut. Address for correspondence: Dr. S P S Ahlawat, Director, NBAGR, KARNAL 132 001 (Haryana) Phone (0184) 2267918 Fax (0184) 2267654 Email [email protected] Dr. P C Dash, Joint Commissioner, Deptt. of A H & Dairying, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi-110001. Phone (011) 23389206 Fax (011) 23389206 Email [email protected] CONTENTS Pages Preparation of Country Report on AnGR Introduction 1-2 Part I. The State of Genetic Resources in Farm Animal Sector 3-13 II. The Changing and Growing demands on the Farm Animal 14-19 Sector III. State of National Capacities related to Farm Animal Genetic 20-28 Resources. IV. Priorities for the Development of an Enhanced National 29-35 Programme of Sustainable Conservation and Utilization of Genetic Resources in the Farm Animal Sector V. Recommendations for International Cooperation 36-37 Executive Summary 38-39 References 40-41 Tables 42-74 Annexures I. Agro-ecological zones in India 75-76 II. Central Acts relating to Domestic Animal Biodiversity 77-79 III. Breeding Policy in different states 80-82 IV. Estimated Breed Population 83 V. Breeds under Network Project on Animal Genetic Resources 84-88 and NATP. Adhoc schemes of ICAR – in collaboration with SAUs and other agencies. Maps 1. Agro-ecological zones in India 2. Distribution of Cattle breeds 3. Distribution of Buffalo breeds 4. Distribution of Sheep breeds 5. Distribution of Goat breeds 6. Distribution of Camel breeds 7. Distribution of Horse breeds 8. Distribution of Poultry breeds Abbreviations and Acronyms used Introduction India is located in the northern hemisphere between 80 4’ to 370 6’ N latitude and 680 7’ to 970 25’ E longitude; stretched about 3,214 km from North to South and about 2,933 km from East to West; covers an area of 32,87,263 sq. km. India is the second most populous country with human population of 1027 million1 which constitutes about 16 per cent of world’s population. Trends in population since the beginning of the century have shown a steady increase and during the last decade (1991-2001) there was a growth of 21.34% in the population1. There has been higher growth in urban population (31.11%) than in rural (17.97%) during the same decade mainly due to shifting of rural people to urban areas in search of better employment opportunities and amenities. About 22.5% (i. e. 68.97 million hectares) of the total geographical area of the country is under forest cover2 and 11.10 million hectares is under pasture. The country has 75.55 million hectares of irrigated area while there is 19.55 million hectares of barren land. In order to derive maximum benefits from the available resources and prevailing conditions, the country has been divided3 into 15 regions on the basis of a commonality of agro-climatic factors like soil type, rainfall, temperature, water resources etc. (Annexure-I). The criteria adopted were homogeneity and convenience in terms of planning and implementation with reference to geographical area covered. These regions are: Western Himalayan, Eastern Himalayan, Lower Gangetic Plains, Middle Gangetic Plains, Upper Gangetic Plains, Trans-Gangetic Plains, Eastern Plateau and Hills, Central Plateau and Hills, Western Plateau and Hills, Southern Plateau and Hills, East Coast Plains and Hills, West Coast Plains and Hills, Gujarat Plains and Hills, Western Dry, and The Islands. Livestock production systems in India are mostly based on low cost agro-by- products and traditional technologies primarily for producing milk, draft power, meat, egg, fiber etc. The land holding is invariably small. Average land holding has decreased from 2.28 ha in 1977 to 1.55 ha for all land classes and 1.08 ha including landless in 1990-91 (Table 2.18a & 1.5). Medium to large herds of cattle and buffalo exist in the periphery of large towns and cities mainly for supply of milk. Small ruminants and pigs are reared under extensive and semi-intensive systems of production. Resource-poor small and marginal farmers and landless labourers maintain majority of the livestock. 71% of cattle, 63% of buffaloes, 66% of small ruminants, 70% of pigs and 74% of poultry are owned by marginal and small land holders4. Intensification of production system has occurred only in poultry industry and on a limited scale in dairy industry. Intensive pig farming has been initiated at a low scale. India is endowed with vast and varied forms of animal genetic resources that have played crucial role in augmenting agrarian economy. In domesticated livestock 1 and birds, the number of documented breeds are: 30 of cattle, 10 of buffalo, 40 of sheep, 20 of goat, 18 of poultry, 9 of camel and 6 of horse. In addition, the other species found are: pig, Mithun, yak, duck, goose, turkey, guinea fowl, pheasant, dog, and cat. India ranks first in the world in terms of total milk production at 85.7 million tonnes, egg production at 39092 million numbers in 2001-021 (table 3.7a) while the meat production in 1999-2000 (including poultry) was 4.91 million tonnes (Table 3.6a). Livestock outputs (milk, meat and egg) have grown at an annual rate of about 5 per cent. There are estimates that by 2020 demand for milk, meat and eggs under different income and population growth scenarios would be in the range of 126-183, 6.3-12.1 and 9.5-18.5 million tonnes respectively4. However, the importance of livestock goes beyond its food production function. Livestock provide valuable draft power worth Rs. 33,792 crores5, organic manure for agriculture worth Rs. 5,700 crores1, dung as fuel for domestic purpose worth Rs. 4,482 crore1 and other by-products including leather, bones and horns worth Rs. 100 crores5. The contribution of livestock sector to the GDP has increased from about 4.82% in 1980-81 to 5.51% in 1999-2000. The value of output from livestock sector was Rs.1,302 billion which is about 24% of the total value of output of Rs.5,358 billion from the agriculture sector during 1999-20001. Livestock and products worth Rs. 34.7 billion were exported from the country during 2000-01. Livestock sector is an important source of income and employment for landless and small landholders. According to a National Sample Survey (1993-94), employment in animal husbandry sector was 9.8 million in principal status and 8.6 million in subsidiary status. The growth in crop production could not be sustained hence the focus shifted to sustainable agriculture and its diversification. Indigenous genetic resources in livestock sector and their conservation have thus become crucial for sustained food production. The global (FAO) initiative for the State of World Animal Genetic Resource would greatly help the countries to assess their strengths and weaknesses to formulate globally competitive and farmer friendly programmes and policies to meet the growing needs within the country as well as the new emerging standards of world trade. 2 PART I The State of Genetic Resources in the Farm Animal Sector State of Genetic Diversity Traditionally, India has been a mega biodiversity center and rearing of domesticated animals viz.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CATAIR Appendix
    CBP and Trade Automated Interface Requirements Appendix: PGA April 24, 2020 Pub # 0875-0419 Contents Table of Changes ............................................................................................................................................4 PG01 – Agency Program Codes .................................................................................................................... 18 PG01 – Government Agency Processing Codes ............................................................................................. 22 PG01 – Electronic Image Submitted Codes.................................................................................................... 26 PG01 – Globally Unique Product Identification Code Qualifiers .................................................................... 26 PG01 – Correction Indicators* ...................................................................................................................... 26 PG02 – Product Code Qualifiers.................................................................................................................... 28 PG04 – Units of Measure .............................................................................................................................. 30 PG05 – Scie nt if ic Spec ies Code .................................................................................................................... 31 PG05 – FWS Wildlife Description Codes .....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Animal Husbandry Policy Note 2020-2021
    ANIMAL HUSBANDRY, DAIRYING AND FISHERIES DEPARTMENT ANIMAL HUSBANDRY POLICY NOTE 2020-2021 DEMAND NO.6 UDUMALAI K. RADHAKRISHNAN MINISTER FOR ANIMAL HUSBANDRY © Government of Tamil Nadu 2020 "I have reoriented the Agriculture Sector, ushering in a Second Green Revolution with focus on integrated farming and development of the Animal Husbandry and Dairy sector. The State Government’s unprecedented investment in this sector by providing milch cows and sheep and goats to poor families and by organizing farmers’ fairs (Uzhavar peruvizha) in all the 16,564 Revenue Villages has resulted in higher growth in the Agriculture Sector" Speech delivered by SELVI J JAYALALITHAA, Hon’ble Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu during the 57th Meeting of the National Development Council at New Delhi on 27.12.2012 "Livestock farming is an important for the livelihood and economy of farmers. The farmer depend on the milk, meat and eggs that are produced by the livestock that they rear for their sustained livelihood. Livestock that help the farmers in the agricultural operations are seen as their best friends. Besides plaguing livestock also provide manure to enrich the farmers fields. The increasing production of livestock products has transformed livestock rearing into an avocation with immense export potential" Address of the Hon'ble Tamil Nadu Chief Minister during the inagurual function of Advanced Intitute for Inegrated Research on Livestock and Animal Sciences and Veterinary College on 09.02.2020 at Thalaivasal, Salem District. I N D E X S. PAGE CONTENT No. No. 1 Introduction 1 Objectives of the Animal 2 8 Husbandry Department 3 Livestock wealth in Tamil Nadu 10 4 Administrative set up 15 5 Veterinary services 18 6 Disease preventive services 24 7 Breeding services 39 8 Livestock development 49 9 Veterinary Infrastructure 87 Extension and Outreach 10 95 programmes Livestock census and Integrated 11 121 sample survey JALLIKATTU - The traditional and 12 127 cultural identity of Tamil Nadu S.
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of Non-Genetic Factors on Lactation Period and Dry Period In
    Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2019; 7(2): 524-528 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Influence of non-genetic factors on lactation JEZS 2019; 7(2): 524-528 © 2019 JEZS period and dry period in Gangatiri cattle breed at Received: 04-01-2019 Accepted: 08-02-2019 organized farm, Arajiline, Varanasi Ravi Ranjan M.Sc (Animal Genetics & Breeding) Scholar, Department Ravi Ranjan, Dr. Rampal Singh, Dr. Saravjeet Herbert, Anuj Kumar of Animal Husbandry & Shukla and Vikash Kumar Dairying, SHUATS Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India Abstract Dr. Rampal Singh The present study was conducted on “Influrnce of non-genetic factors on lactation period and dry period Assistant Professor, Animal in Gangatiri cattle breed at organized farm, Arajiline, Varanasi”. The data were collected from the history Genetics & Breeding Department sheets of 40 cow maintained in State Livestock Cum Agricultural Farm Arajiline, Varanasi, for the of Animal Husbandry & period from 2003 to 2010 to determine the effect of period of birth and effect of season of birth on Dairying, SHUATS Allahabad, lactation period and dry period. There is no significant effect of period of birth on lactation period and Uttar Pradesh, India dry period. Similarly non-significant effect of season of birth on lactation period and dry period. Dr. Saravjeet Herbert Professor, Animal Genetics & Keywords: Gangatiri cow, period of birth, season of birth, lactition period, dry period Breeding Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying, Introduction SHUATS Allahabad, Uttar India is a rural based country, two third of its population resides in rural areas. The rural Pradesh, India economy mainly depends on agriculture.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Divergence Study Between Umblachery and Kangayam Breed of Cattle Using Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna
    International Journal of Food, Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 2277-209X (Online) An Online International Journal Available at http://www.cibtech.org/jfav.htm 2013 Vol. 3 (1) January-April, pp. 136-140/Thiagarajan Research Article GENETIC DIVERGENCE STUDY BETWEEN UMBLACHERY AND KANGAYAM BREED OF CATTLE USING RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA *Thiagarajan R. Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu *Author for correspondence ABSTRACT Fifty randomly selected Umblachery and Kangayam cattle were used. Out of nine random primers tested five random primers ILO 1127, ILO 526, ILO 868, ILO 876 and BG 85 yielded amplification with genomic DNA samples. In Umblachery, primers ILO 1127, ILO 526, ILO 876 have the ability to amplify more bands such as 9, 8 and 10 where as ILO 868 and BG 85 gave only 4 bands. All the primers except BG 85 produced polymorphic bands. In the same way, in Kangayam breed, all primer except BG 85 produced more bands (6 to 12) and the numbers of polymorphic bands are two in ILO 1127, three in ILO 526 and one in all other three primers. All the five primers revealed band sharing within and between breeds. The frequency varied in Umblachery from 0.06 to 0.118 with respect to primers ILO 526 and ILO 876 whereas in Kangayam it varied from 0.07 to 0.2665 with respect to primers ILO 526 and ILO 876 respectively. The highest APD value between these two breeds obtained was 88.00 with ILO 868 and the lowest value of 50 with ILO 876.The MAPD between these two breeds was estimated to be 74.93 indicating these two breeds differed at 74.9% of loci amplified by a group of five random primers.
    [Show full text]
  • Class 4 :Definition of Breed-Classification of Indigenous, Exotic Cattle and Buffaloes -Breed Characteristics of Sindhi, Kangaya
    Class 4 :Definition of breed-classification of indigenous, exotic cattle and buffaloes -Breed characteristics of Sindhi, Kangayam and Umblacherry, Jersey, Holstein Friesian, Murrah and Surti. Breed: Definition : Denotes and established group of animals / birds having the similar general body shape, colour, structure and characters which produced offspring with same characters I . Cattle - 1. Indigenous 2. Exotic Indigenous Breeds are classified under three groups based on utility / purpose. a. Milch - Example- Sindhi, Sahiwal, Gir and Deoni b. Dual - Example- Hariyana, Ongole, Tharparkar, Kankrej c. Draught – Example- Kangayam, Umblacherry, Amritmahal, Hallikar 2. Exotic – Milch – Jersey, Holstein Friesian Red Sindhi Also Known By: Malir (Baluchistan), Red Karachi, Sindhi The Red Sindhi originated in the Pakistani state of Sind but due to its hardiness, heat resistance and high milk yields they have spread into many parts of India and at least 33 countries in Asia, Africa, Oceania and the Americas. Under good management conditions the Red Sindhi averages over 1700 kg of milk after suckling their calves but under optimum conditions there have been milk yields of over 3400 kg per lactation. The average height of a Red Sindhi cow is 116 cm with a body weight of 340 kg. Bulls average 134 cm in height and a body weight of 420 kg. They are normally a deep, rich red color but this can vary from a yellowish brown to dark brown. Males are darker than females and when mature may be almost black on the extremities, such as the head, feet and tail. Red Sindhi in Australia Red Sindhi cattle arrived in Australia in 1954 from Pakistan, as a gift to the Australian Government.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Genetic Variability in Kenkatha Cattle by Microsatellite Markers
    1685 Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 19, No. 12 : 1685 - 1690 December 2006 www.ajas.info Evaluation of Genetic Variability in Kenkatha Cattle by Microsatellite Markers A. K. Pandey*, Rekha Sharma, Yatender Singh, B. Prakash and S. P. S. Ahlawat Core Lab, National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal-132 001, Haryana, India ABSTRACT : Kenkatha cattle, a draft purpose breed, which can survive in a harsh environment on low quality forage, was explored genetically exploiting FAO-suggested microsatellite markers. The microsatellite genotypes were derived by means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by electrophoretic separation in agarose gels. The PCR amplicons were visualized by silver staining. The allelic as well as genotypic frequencies, heterozygosities and gene diversity were estimated using standard techniques. A total of 125 alleles was distinguished by the 21 microsatellite markers investigated. All the microsatellites were highly polymorphic with mean allelic number of 5.95±1.9 (ranging from 3-10 per locus). The observed heterozygosity in the population ranged between 0.250 and 0.826 with a mean of 0.540±0.171, signifying considerable genetic variation. Bottleneck was examined assuming all three mutation models which showed that the population has not experienced bottleneck in recent past. The population displayed a heterozygote deficit of 21.4%. The study suggests that the breed needs to be conserved by providing purebred animals in the breeding tract. (Key Words : Cattle, Genetic Variation, Kenkatha, Microsatellite) INTRODUCTION breeds. Widespread use of cross breeding, destruction of traditional production systems and a general thrust towards India has several indigenous cattle populations management systems which rely on greater inputs placed associated with different geographical areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Dr Bhushan Tyagi Pptgoi 23.2.2016
    Government of India Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries NPBB and related CSS: Target & Budget provisions vis a vis current implementation status Date: 23rd February 2017 Venue: Anand, Gujarat DADF SCHEMES NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR BOVINE BREEDING & DAIRY DEVELOPMENT (NPBBDD) o NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR BOVINE BREEDING (NPBB) o RASHTRIYA GOKUL MISSION (RGM) NATIONAL KAMDHENU BREEDING CENTRE (NKBC) NATIONAL MISSION ON BOVINE PRODUCTIVITY (NMBP) 2 National Programme for Bovine Breeding (NPBB) & Rashtriya Gokul Mission (RGM) NPBB Components 1. Extension of field AI network 2. Strengthening of existing AI centres 3. Monitoring of AI Program 4. Development & Conservation of Indigenous Breeds 5. Managerial Grants to SIA and Grants linked to Activities 6. Manpower Development 7. Strengthening LN Transport and Distribution system 8. Procurement of Bulls for NS & AI 9. Control of infertility & reduction of intercalving period Monitoring of AI Program Key Performance Indicator EOP Target (As per approved Project Plan) Identification of females covered 25548000 through AI Identification of AI born calves 10409000 Tagging Applicators 72928 Data entry (No. of Transactions) 10051100 Computerization for implementation of 11685 INAPH (Data centers) RASHTRIYA GOKUL MISSION PRESENT STATUS •299.9 MILLION BOVINES •191 MILLION CATTLE •108.7 Million Buffaloes • 0.30 Million Mithuns • 0.1 Million Yak • 151.17 million indigenous Cattle (83% of Total Cattle Population) • INDIGENOUS GENETIC RESOURCES •
    [Show full text]
  • Study of Certain Reproductive and Productive Performance Parameters
    The Pharma Innovation Journal 2020; 9(9): 270-274 ISSN (E): 2277- 7695 ISSN (P): 2349-8242 NAAS Rating: 5.03 Study of certain reproductive and productive TPI 2020; 9(9): 270-274 © 2020 TPI performance parameters of malnad gidda cattle in its www.thepharmajournal.com Received: 21-06-2020 native tract Accepted: 07-08-2020 Murugeppa A Murugeppa A, Tandle MK, Shridhar NB, Prakash N, Sahadev A, Vijaya Associate Professor and Head, Department of Veterinary Kumar Shettar, Nagaraja BN and Renukaradhya GJ Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Veterinary College, Shivamogga, Abstract Karnataka, India The study was conducted to establish baseline information pertaining to productive and reproductive performance of Malnad Gidda and its crossbred in Shivamogga District of Karnataka. The data from 286 Tandle MK animals reared by 98 farmers from Thirtahalli, Hosanagara and Sagara taluks of Shivamogga district Director of Instruction (PGS), Karnataka Veterinary Animal were collected through a structured questionnaire. The parameters such as age at puberty (25.15±0.29 and Fisheries University, Bidar, months); age at first calving (39.32±2.99 months); dry period (6.22±1.26 months); calving interval Karnataka, India (13.68±2.55 months); gestation period (282.14±9.03 days); service period (136.73±10.03 days); lactation length (258.22 ± 10.95 days); milk yield per day (3.69±0.32 kg); total milk yield (227.19±8.31 kg); days Shridhar NB to reach peak milk yield (46.19±0.51 day); birth weight of the new born calf (8.71±0.45 kg); time taken Professor and Head, Department for placental expulsion of placenta (4.63±0.39 hours); onset of postpartum estrous (77.64±1.98 days); of Veterinary Pharmacology and Duration of estrous period (15.25±1.67 hours); time of ovulation (15.15 ± 1.7 hours) and length of estrus Toxicology, Veterinary College cycle (22.63±2.96.
    [Show full text]
  • LPM-601 : Important Breeds of Cattle and Buffaloes
    IMPORTANT BREEDS OF CATTLE AND BUFFALOES (LPM-601) Dr. S. P. Sahu, M.V.Sc., Ph.D. (LPM) Assistant Professor Department of LPM Bihar Veterinary College, Patna- 800 014 www.basu.org.in Population of Cattle (20th Livestock Census) Total Livestock population- 535.78 million (increase of 4.6% over Livestock Census 2012). Total number of cattle -192.49 million in 2019 (increase of 0.8 % over previous Census). Exotic/Crossbred and Indigenous/Non-descript Cattle population - 50.42 million and 142.11 million; respectively. Decline of 6 % in the total Indigenous (both descript and non- descript) Cattle. Classification of breeds of cattle on the basis of type of horns (Payne,1970): Short-horned zebu: Bachaur, Hariana, Krishna Valley, Gaolao, Nagori, Mewati, Ongole and Rathi. Lateral-horned zebu: Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, Dangi, Deoni, Nimari Lyre-horned zebu: Kankrej, Malvi, Tharparkar Long-horned zebu: Amritmahal, Hallikar, Kangayam and Khillari Small short-horned/lyre-horned zebu: Ponwar, Punganoor, Shahabadi, Kumauni Classification of breeds of Cattle on the basis of their utility: MILCH BREEDS OF CATTLE Sahiwal Original breeding tract in Montgomery district (Pakistan), Ferozepur and Amritsar districts in Punjab. Heavy breed, heavy body confirmation, typical coat colour is red/brown, head is medium sized, horns are short and stumpy. Dewlap is large and pendulous, hump in males is massive and droops on one side, tail is long almost touching the ground, navel flap is loose and hanging, udder is well developed. The average milk yield of this breed is between 1700 and 2700 kgs in lactation period of 300 days. Red Sindhi Original breeding tract in Karachi (Pakistan).
    [Show full text]
  • Animal Genetic Resources Information Bulletin
    The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Les appellations employées dans cette publication et la présentation des données qui y figurent n’impliquent de la part de l’Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture aucune prise de position quant au statut juridique des pays, territoires, villes ou zones, ou de leurs autorités, ni quant au tracé de leurs frontières ou limites. Las denominaciones empleadas en esta publicación y la forma en que aparecen presentados los datos que contiene no implican de parte de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación juicio alguno sobre la condición jurídica de países, territorios, ciudades o zonas, o de sus autoridades, ni respecto de la delimitación de sus fronteras o límites. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and the extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Information Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. Tous droits réservés. Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite, mise en mémoire dans un système de recherche documentaire ni transmise sous quelque forme ou par quelque procédé que ce soit: électronique, mécanique, par photocopie ou autre, sans autorisation préalable du détenteur des droits d’auteur.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Diversity Study of Indigenous Cattle (Gir and Kankrej) Population of Rajasthan Using Microsatellite Markers
    African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 11(97), pp. 16313-16319, 4 December, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB DOI: 10.5897/AJB12.2618 ISSN 1684–5315 ©2012 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Genetic diversity study of indigenous cattle (Gir and Kankrej) population of Rajasthan using microsatellite markers Mona Upreti1, Farah Naz Faridi2*, S. Maherchandani3, B. N. Shringi4 and S. K. Kashyap5 Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, 334001, Rajasthan, India. Accepted 30 November, 2012 The genetic diversity study of native Gir and Kankrej (Bos indicus) cattle populations were evaluated using nine microsatellite markers (ETH-225, CSRM-60, HEL-9, INRA-005, ETH-10, HAUT-24, BM1818, ILSTS-002 and ILSTS-006) suggested by FAO (ISAG). A total of 60 cattle were sampled from different places of local Rajasthan region. For each, 30 individuals were sampled. The mean number of observed and effective alleles in Kankrej were high (5.222 and 3.714) comparatively and the average expected heterozygosity values (0.5403) indicated high diversity in the Kankrej population than Gir (0.4520). High polymorphism information content (PIC) values observed for most of the markers with an average of 0.5116 are indicative of high polymorphism of these markers in Kankrej breed than in Gir (0.4202), which showed high informativeness of all the microsatellite markers in Kankrej breed. Three microsatellites markers (HAUT24, BM1818 AND ILSTS006) did not show amplification in both breeds. INRA005 was the only markers amplified in Kankrej. The allele diversity (mean observed number of alleles was 6.11; mean effective number of alleles was 5.187) and gene diversity (0.2771) values implied a substantial amount of genetic variability in both populations.
    [Show full text]
  • The Science of A2 Beta Casein
    Indian Journal of Open Science Publications Nutrition Volume 7, Issue 1 - 2020 © Sridharan P, et al. 2020 www.opensciencepublications.com The Science of A2 Beta Casein - A Critical Review of Global Data and Outcomes of Indian Study Review Article Pranesh Sridharan1* and Chidananda BL2 1Mathruka Cattle Farm & Research Center, India 2Department of Animal Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, India *Corresponding author: Pranesh Sridharan, Mathruka Cattle Farm & Research Center, Bengaluru, India; E-mail: dr.pranesh@ gmail.com Article Information: Submission: 07/01/2020; Accepted: 15/02/2020; Published: 18/02/2020 Copyright: © 2020 Sridharan P, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Milk provides wholesome nutrition, rich in proteins, vitamins and calcium. Recent research has shown milk to be a risk factor for diseases as well. The new insights on A1 and A2 Beta-Casein proteins in milk has triggered significant interest globally in A2 milk, which is considered safe. This is a first comprehensive Indian study on A2 and A1 milk, encompassing review of published literature, genetic study of cattle in India and impact of A1 and A2 milk on health of individuals. Review of over 60 published in-vivo, in-vitro and epidemiological studies indicate that A1 Beta-casein triggers the opioid peptide cascade, leading to endogenous production of the opioid peptide BCM-7, that aggravates the risk factors of Type 1 Diabetes, IDDM, CHD, Autism, neurological disorders and hormonal imbalances.The risks associated with A1 protein have not been associated with A2 beta-casein.
    [Show full text]