Milk Production Management & Dairy Development MILK PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT & DAIRY DEVELOPMENT Course Developers Y. Ravindra Reddy, D. Suresh Babu & Ashish Makwana AgriMoon App AgriVarsha App App that helps the students to gain the Knowledge App that helps the students to All Agricultural about Agriculture, Books, News, Jobs, Interviews of Competitive Exams IBPS-AFO, FCI, ICAR-JRF, Toppers & achieved peoples, Events (Seminar, SRF, NET, NSC, State Agricultural exams are Workshop), Company & College Detail and Exam available here. notification. Index Lesson Page No Module 1: Introduction to animal husbandry Lesson 1. Introduction, common terms and definitions in animal husbandry. 5-7 Module 2: Breeds of cattle and buffaloes Lesson 2. Distinguishing characters of indian cattles. 8-35 Lesson 3. Buffalo breeds. 36-49 Module 3: Systems of breeding Lesson 4. Inbreeding–out breeding–cross breeding–grading – out crossing 50-51 hybridization–criss crossing–rotational crossing or triple crossing– back crossing – test cross. Lesson 5. Methods of selection of dairy animals – individual selection – pedigree 52-54 selection – progeny testing – family selection. Module 4: General dairy farm practices Lesson 6. Identification, dehorning, castration, exercising, grooming, weighing, 55-63 farm records – maintenance. Lesson 7. Care, management of life stages of dairy animals. 64-66 Module 5: Mammary system Lesson 8. Structure and function of mammary system, milk secretion and milk 67-68 letdown. Module 6: Milking Lesson 9. Methods of milking – manual –mull hand – knuckling –stripping. 69-71 Lesson 10. Milking procedure practices for quality milk production. 72-75 Module 7: Maintenance of hygiene and sanitation Lesson 11. Housing – loose housing, stanchion barn - advantages of each system. 76-79 Lesson 12. Merits and demerits of head to head and tail to tail stanchion barn. 80-81 Module 8: Reproductive system of dairy animals Lesson 13. Male and female reproductive system. 82-87 Module 9: Feeding of dairy animals Lesson 14. Feed nutrients required by animal body, feed resources for milk 88-91 production, nutritive value. Lesson 15. Digestive system of ruminants measures of feed energy nutrient 92-97 requirement for growth and milk production feeding standards. Module 10: Diseases of dairy animals Lesson 16. Common diseases in dairy animals, prevention and control. 98-103 Module 11: Maintenance of hygiene and sanitation at dairy farm premises Lesson 17. Types of sanitizers and disinfectants, sanitation of milking parlour 104-106 equipment, sheds. Module 12: Biotechnology in dairy animal production Lesson 18. Cloning, transgenic animals, embryo sexing etc. 107-111 Module 13: Population and production statistics Lesson 19. Cattle and buffalo population and its distribution, trends in population 112-116 growth, productivity profile of indigenous dairy stock. Lesson 20. Estimates of milk production. 117-120 Module 14: Dairy development in India: phases and schemes Lesson 21. Five year plans and dairy development. 121-126 Lesson 22. Key village scheme and its limitation, intensive cattle development 127-128 programme: concept, approach and achievements. Lesson 23. National Dairy Development Board (NDDB): aims and objectives, 129-130 policy orientation in dairy development, pioneering role of military dairy farms. Lesson 24. Operation Flood I, II and III, Its programme outlay implementation 131-134 success, achievement. Lesson 25. Co-operative dairy organizations: anand pattern and perspectives. 135-137 Lesson 26. New developments for improvement of dairy cooperative 138-141 organizations, dairy development corporations: producer companies act. Lesson 27. Catalytic action of international aid, major aided dairy projects, self 142-145 reliance in dairy development. Module 15: Functioning pattern of Indian dairying Lesson 28. Socio economic and geographic features of Indian dairying. 146-147 Lesson 29. Integrated infrastructure of milk production: public sector dairy/milk 148-152 supply schemes, and strategies of cattle development and policies. Module 16: Dairy manufacturing sector, its status and problems Lesson 30. Milk product manufacture in private sector, industrial by-products of 153-157 livestock industry, and import substitutions in dairy products. Lesson 31. Economic burden performance analysis: income and employment 158-164 potential. Lesson 32. Dairy problems; resource inadequacy, post partition 165-169 MILK PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT & DAIRY DEVELOPMENT B. Tech. (Dairy Technology) ► MP-1 ► Resources ► Lesson 1. INTRODUCTION, COMMON TERMS AND DEFINITIONS IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY Module 1. Introduction to animal husbandry Lesson 1 INTRODUCTION, COMMON TERMS AND DEFINITIONS IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Common Animal Husbandry Terms 1.1 Introduction Historical evidence shows that Veterinary Science was developed during Vedic Era in India and livestock used to play an important role in the society during 3000 B.C, as evidenced from Mohanjadaro and Harappa Civilization. The importance and role of livestock gradually increased and during 2000 B.C, Veterinary profession was a flourishing practice which can be traced from ‘Atharvaveda’ and ‘Rigveda’. Aryans who settled around riverine Northern India around 2400 – 1500 B.C were solely dependent on agriculture and livestock. Cattle were most prized possessions and were symbol of wealth and status. During the rule of Ashoka (300 B.C), hundreds of well equipped hospitals were established and veterinary profession gained much more importance. Vishnupuranam and Matysapuran described the criteria for selection of bulls for breeding purpose. Primitive man first used the members of family bovidae as a source of food. Domestication began when these animals were used as draft animals. Milking qualities were just sufficient for rearing of young ones. As civilization developed, feed became more abundant, methods of caring livestock improved. Under man’s selection they acquired qualities like rapid growth, better fat storage in body and increased milk production. The domestic animals reared by the modern man serve the humans by providing food, fibre, manure, pleasures, companionship and service besides nutrient recycling in soil and ecological stability to environment. In recent times the animals are only source of organic farming and in future, will serve as source of supply of inputs to many life saving pharmaceuticals and therapeutic agents for better human health and will be useful as animal models for biomedical research. 1.2 Common Animal Husbandry Terms Buller or Nymphomaniac: A cow apparently always in heat. Back crossing: Mating of crossbred back to one of the pure parents used to produce it. Balanced ration: Ration that contains all the nutrients in right proportions and quantities is called balanced ration. Bull Calf: A male calf under one year of age. Bull: It is un castrated sexually matured male of the species. Bullock: Castrated male Ox. Calf starter: Concentrate feed offered to the young calves after 2 weeks of age. Calf: A young animal of bovine species under one year of age. Casting: It is throwing down the animal and securing the limbs for various purposes like surgical operations, castration, hoof trimming, shearing etc. Castration: It is the removal of testicles. Challenge feeding: The practice of feeding higher levels of concentrate to challenge the cow to reach her maximum milk production. Concentrates: Feeds that contain less than 18% crude fibre are called concentrates such as grains, oilcakes, grain by products etc. Cow: It is a female of bovine species that has calved at least once. Crisscrossing or Rotational crossing: Mating of a hybrid to three established breeds in a rotational manner. Cross breeding: A system of breeding between two established breeds. Cryptorchid: A male animal in which one or both the testicles fail to descend into the scrotal sac. Culling: Removal of undesirable or unproductive animals from herd. Deticking: Removal of the external parasites like ticks, lice, mites present on the body surface of animal. Deworming: Removal of the internal gastro intestinal parasites from the body. Disbudding: Removal of the horn buds of the calf by mechanical or chemical methods to arrest growth of horns. Dry period: The time interval between date of drying off the cow to the date of next calving. Energy feeds: Feeds containing less than 20% crude protein are called energy feeds. Free martin: When twin calves of different sexes are born, the bull calf is normal whereas the heifer calf is sterile. The sterile heifer calf is called freemartin. Gestation period: The period of pregnancy in animals. Grading up: Systems of breeding in which pure bulls are used for improvement in non descript females for several generations. Heifer calf: A female calf under one year of age. Heifer: A female individual that has not yet calved. Inbreeding: A system of breeding between very closely related animals. Inheritance: Transmission of genes from parents to the offspring in next generation. Intercalving period: No of days between two successive calvings. Lactation Curve: The graphical representation of the rate of milk secretion during lactation is called Lactation Curve. Lactation length: The time interval between the date of calving to the date of drying the animal expressed in days. Maintenance ration: A ration given daily to the animal to maintain in resting non production condition with good health. Open animal: Female animals that have not been bred. Parturition: Act of delivery in animals.