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Animal Breeding Policies and Strategies in Bangladesh Animal Breeding Policies and Strategies in South Asia Edited by Nure Alam Siddiky SAARC Agriculture Centre (SAC) South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation i Animal Breeding Policies and Strategies in South Asia Regional Expert Consultation on Animal Breeding Polices and Strategies for the Genetic Improvement of Indigenous Animal Resources in South Asia held on 11-13 April 2018 at Hotel da yatra, Pokhara, Nepal Edited by Nure Alam Siddiky Senior Program Officer SAARC Agriculture Centre 2018 @ 2018 SAARC Agriculture Centre Published by the SAARC Agriculture Centre (SAC), BARC Complex, New Airport Road, Farmgate, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh (www.sac.org.bd) All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise without prior permission of the publisher Citation Siddiky, N.A., ed. (2018). Animal Breeding Policies and Strategies in South Asia. SAARC Agriculture Centre, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh, p.172 The book contains the papers and proceedings of the regional expert consultation meeting on animal breeding policies and strategies for the genetic improvement of indigenous animal resources in South Asia held on 11-13 April 2018 at Hotel da yatra, Pokhara, Nepal organized by SAARC Agriculture Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The authors for country paper preparation and presentation were the focal point experts nominated by respective SAARC Member States. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not imply any opinion whatsoever on the part of SAC, especially concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. ISBN: 978-984-34-5243-6 Price US$ 10 for SAARC Countries US$ 20 for Other Countries Printed by Natundhara Printing Press, 277/3, Elephant Road (1st Floor) Kataban Dhal, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh ii Animal Breeding Policies and Strategies in South Asia iii Animal Breeding Policies and Strategies in South Asia Edited by Nure Alam Siddiky Senior Program Officer SAARC Agriculture Centre October 2018 SAARC Agriculture Centre (SAC) South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation BARC Complex, New Airport Road Farmgate, Dhaka-1215 Bangladesh iv FOREWORD Livestock sector, since time immemorial, is an integral part of regional agriculture and in the era of “ever green revolution” its significance is further amplified. Livestock sector plays an important role in the national economy and in the socio-economic development of the country. South Asia is blessed with high diversity of indigenous animal genetic resources. There are many potential promising animal breeds are inhabitant in the region. The density of farm animal population is highest in South Asia compared with any other region of the word. The contribution of livestock in this region to agricultural GDP varies between 8-56%. SAARC Member States share less than 10% of total world meat production despite rearing a large herd of ruminants. These valuable animal genetic resources have been developed over a period of thousands of years through natural selection and human intervention, therefore, well adapted to their respective habitat. The productivity of indigenous animal is very low due to low genetic potential. Most of the indigenous animals are non-descriptive with poor genetic makeup for production. The genetic improvement of large number of livestock is possible through cross breeding/ selective breeding with superior quality male germplasm. In SAARC region, the coverage of artificial insemination (AI) is not adequate because of non-availability of quality male germplasm at the door step of farmers, lack of breeding infrastructure, non- availability of quality fodders, lack of awareness of rural households and many other problems directly and indirectly associated with the genetic improvement of local animal genetic resources. As a result, the productivity of indigenous animals are low in SAARC Member States. The adoption of AI would reduce the indiscriminate use of breeding bulls, inbreeding among animals and also reduce the chance of reproductive problems of animals due to various sexually transmitted diseases. Each SAARC Member States have their own breeding policy and strategy for genetic improvement of the local animal resources. The indigenous animals are more adapted in the local climate and environment rather than exotic high yielding animals. So, it is time to take appropriate breeding policy and strategy to increase the productivity of the indigenous animals through genetic improvement to meet up future demand of milk and meat. This book is compiled with the resources of country study reports along with meeting recommendations. This book provides the useful and worthy information on breeding policies and strategies that has been adopted in different SAARC v Member States. The stakeholders of the region would be benefitted through consulting the resourceful document. I highly acknowledge the contribution made by the focal point experts of SAARC Member States in preparing a comprehensive and informative country paper and participating in the expert consultation meeting. I acknowledge the contribution and effort made by Dr. Md. Nure Alam Siddiky, Senior Program Officer, SAARC Agriculture Centre to the conceptualization, technical guidance, inputs, reviewing and editing of this publication. I personally hope that this publication would provide detail and comprehensive information on animal breeding policies and strategies in South Asia. I would appreciate to receiving feedback, comments and suggestions from users for our future endeavors. S. M. Bokhtiar Director, SAC vi Contents Foreword v Country Papers Chapter 1 Policies for Animal Breeding: Strategies for 1 Sustainable Genetic Improvement Nure Alam Siddiky Chapter 2 Animal Breeding Policies and Strategies in Bangladesh 6 Zeenat Sultana Chapter 3 Animal Breeding Policies and Strategies in Bhutan 28 Jigme Wangdi Chapter 4 Animal Breeding Policies and Strategies in India 52 Bhushan Tyagi Chapter 5 Animal Breeding Policies and Strategies in Nepal 84 Rudra Prasad Poudel and Lok Nath Paudel Chapter 6 Animal Breeding Policies and Strategies in Pakistan 107 Khalid Ashfaque Chapter 7 Animal Breeding Policies and Strategies in Sri Lanka 119 P.G. Seneviratne Special Invited Papers Chapter 8 Strategies for Buffalo Development and Genetic 136 Improvement in Nepal Bhumi Nand Devkota Chapter 9 Strategies for Genetic Improvement of Dairy Cattle 142 and Buffalo in Nepal Lok Nath Paudel Chapter 10 Genetic and Phenotypic Diversity in Nepalese Sheep 151 and Goats: Implication for Exploitation and Conservation Neena Amatya Gorkhali Report of the Consultation Meeting 160 Recommendations of the Consultation Meeting 165 List of the Participants 169 vii Policies for Animal Breeding: Strategies for Sustainable Genetic Improvement Chapter 1 Policies for Animal Breeding: Strategies for Sustainable Genetic Improvement Nure Alam Siddiky SAARC Agriculture Centre, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh Email: [email protected] 1. Ground Reality of South Asian Region for Animal Genetic Resources and its Improvement South Asia is blessed with high diversity of indigenous animal genetic resources. There are many potential promising animal breeds inhabitant in the region. The density of farm animal population is highest in South Asia compared with any other region of the word. Contribution of livestock in this region to agricultural GDP varies between 8-56%. SAARC countries share less than 10% of total world meat production despite rearing a large herd of ruminants. About 25% of world‘s cattle and buffaloes, 15% of the sheep and goat, and 7% of the camel are inhabitant in SAARC region. Among the SAARC Member States, India had huge dairy animal population with 517.08 million heads which shares 69.4% of the total dairy animal in the region followed by Pakistan with 138.12 million heads sharing 18.54%. The dairy animal population in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal and Sri Lanka all accounted for 12.06% of the total dairy animal population in the SAARC region. The dairy animal population in the world including cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat and camel was 3534.63 million during 2011. Among the dairy animals, cattle dominated with 1399.9 million heads followed by the sheep which was 1043.7 million heads. While the cattle population more or less was increasing at slow pace, the buffalo population increased steadily from 164.11 million in 2000 to 195.3 million in 2011. The productivity of indigenous animal is very low due to low genetic potential. Most of the indigenous animals are non-descriptive with poor genetic makeup for production. The genetic improvement of large number of livestock is possible through cross breeding/ selective breeding with superior quality male germplasm. In SAARC region, the coverage of artificial insemination (AI) is inadequate because of non-availability of quality male germplasm at the door step of farmers, lack of breeding infrastructure, non- availability of quality fodders, lack of awareness of rural households and many other problems directly and indirectly associated with the genetic improvement of local animal resources. As a result, the productivity of indigenous animals are low in SAARC Member States. The adoption of AI would reduce the indiscriminate use of breeding bulls, inbreeding among 1 Policies for Animal Breeding: Strategies for Sustainable Genetic Improvement animals
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