Characterization of Sequence Variation in Caprine Growth
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An oficial publication of the Society for Conservation of Domestic Animal Biodiversity Chief Editor Dr. B. Prakash ICAR-CIRC, Meerut Executive Editor Dr. S.K. Niranjan ICAR-NBAGR, Karnal Editor Dr. Indrajit Ganguly ICAR-NBAGR, Karnal Advisory Board Dr MR Jayshankar Head, AG & B, Veterinary College, Hebbal, Bangalore Dr Sosamma Iype Vechur Conservation Trust, Mannuthy, Thrissur Dr GS Brah Director, School of Animal Biotechnology, GADVASU, Ludhiana Dr BP Mishra Joint Director Research, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar Dr DK Sadana ILSI Centre, Model Town, Karnal Dr CV Singh Professor (AG&B), GBPUA&T, Pantnagar Dr SM Deb Director, ICAR- NRC on Yak, Dirang Dr BK Joshi Ex-Director, ICAR-NBAGR, Karnal Editorial Office Animal Genetics Division, NBAGR P.O. Box 129, Karnal-132001 (Haryana), India For more information please visit www.nbagr.res.in Subscription (Annual) Indian Foreign Individual Rs 300.00 US $ 100.00 Institutional Rs. 600.00 US $ 150.00 Single copy Rs. 300.00 US $ 75.00 Published by Society for Conservation of Domestic Animal Biodiversity Printer : Aaron Media, Karnal JOURNAL OF LIVESTOK BIODIVERSITY VOLUME 6, NUMBER 1, 2016 RNA isolation from crossbred bull spermatozoa for analysing differential 01 abundance of sperm speciic gene transcripts Indrajit Ganguly, Sushil Kumar, G K Gaur, Umesh Singh, D K Mandal, Mahesh Kumar, Indranil Bagchi, Bimlendu Roy, Sunil Kumar, Sandeep Mann and Rani Singh Genetic polymorphism in 5'UTR of myostatin (MSTN) gene in Nilagiri sheep 07 Amiya Ranjan Sahu, V. Jeichitra, R. Rajendran and A. Raja Morphological Variability and Management of Lonand Sheep of Maharashtra 11 Dinesh Kumar Yadav, Reena Arora and Anand Jain Fixation of K allele in K232A polymorphism in DGAT1 gene in Sahiwal and Hariana 16 cattle Anita Sharma, Madhu Tiwari, Satyendra Pal Singh, Deepak Sharma, Sumit Kumar and Vijay Pandey Physical features and management of migratory Nari cattle population of Rajasthan 19 PK Singh, RK Pundir, D.K. Sadana and H.S. Rathore Characterization of sequence variation in caprine growth hormone gene and its 25 association with milk production traits in two Indian goat breeds Satpal Dixit, Sandeep Kumar, Manoj Kumar Vyas, M K Singh, OP Pathodiya, Anurodh Sharma and S Jayakumar Genetic Bottleneck effect and Analysis of Intra-population Genetic Diversity in 33 Gaddi Goat Breed of Western Himalayas Using Microsatellite Markers S Gurdeep Singh, YP Thakur, RK Taggar, Amitoz Kaur, Dibyendu Chakraborty, Dhirender Kumar and Varun Sankhyan Volume 6 Number 1, 2016 RNA isolation from crossbred bull spermatozoa for analysing differential abundance of sperm speciic gene transcripts Indrajit Ganguly*1, Sushil Kumar, G K Gaur, Umesh Singh, D K Mandal, Mahesh Kumar, Indranil Bagchi, Bimlendu Roy, Sunil Kumar, Sandeep Mann and Rani Singh ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut-250001, Uttar Pradesh, India ABSTRACT Although mature spermatozoa seem to be transcriptionally inert, however, thousands of mRNA transcripts have been reported to be present inside the mature sperm, being trapped during the course of spermatogenesis. These remnants RNAs may perhaps serve as a potential “markers” of spermatogenesis by virtue of their involvement, directly or indirectly, in the process of fertilization, early embryonic cleavage, and fertility. Gene expression profiling of mammalian sperm is a novel non-invasive tool to evaluate male fertility. RNA isolation from sperm is little tricky in contrast to RNA isolation from testis, and required stringent RNA quality control. The present study demonstrates a comprehensive RNA isolation protocol from crossbred Frieswal (HF X Sahiwal) bull semen, with stringent quality/purity checking, critically required for studying differential abundance of sperm transcripts. Initially, semen samples were subjected to discontinuous (45:90) Percoll gradient centrifugation, explicitly eliminating damaged spermatozoa and contaminating somatic cells. Total RNA was extracted from sperm pellets using heated Tri reagent and an on-column DNase treatment was carried out. The cDNA was synthesized using RT-PCR. The cDNA samples were then ampliied by PCR using speciic intron spanning primers to rule out contamination, if any, within isolated sperm RNA by g-DNA (PRM1 and DAZL), testicular germ cells like spermatocytes (KIT), epithelial cells (E-cadherin- CDH1) and leucocyte (CD4 and CD45). Further, the presence of transcripts like DazL, PRM1, PRM2, PRM3, TNP1, and TNP2 were also demonstrated in the ejaculated spermatozoa by PCR ampliication. This method together with rigorous quality assurance mentioned here are minimum requirement for bias free analysis of differential abundance of sperm transcripts as well as high throughput transcriptomics research. Keywords: Frieswal, sperm RNA, Percoll, spermatogenesis, HF X Sahiwal Present address: 1ICAR-NBAGR, Karnal, Haryana *Corresponding author: [email protected]. INTRODUCTION somatic RNA contaminant (WBC, epithelial cells, and Mature spermatozoa are generally transcriptionally immature diploid spermatocytes). Therefore, inactive; however, they harbour a variety of mRNA stringent protocol for sperm RNA isolation with molecules, assumed to be originated from the proper quality control for excluding probable trapped cytoplasmic content remaining after contamination arising from genomic DNA and spermiogenesis (Gilbert et al. 2007). Recent studies somatic cell RNA need to ascertained before proposed that the composition and quantity of proceeding to work with sperm RNA. Here, we are sperm RNA transcripts might have a valuable presenting a method for isolation of high-quality diagnostic signiicance for male fertility as well as RNA from Crossbred (Frieswal: HF X Sahiwal) bull putative role in chromatin repackaging, genomic sperm with stringent quality control as well as imprinting and early embryonic development ampliication of few sperm transcripts to show its (Miller et al. 2005). It has been estimated that each reliability towards characterizing RNA abundance in spermatozoon, haploid spermatid and diploid the sperm cells and utilization of such RNA for somatic cell contains approximately 10–20 fg, 450 fg searching suitable biomarkers speciic to fertility or and 10–20 pg of total RNA, respectively (Krawetz, embryonic development. 2005; Gilbert et al. 2007; Goodrich et al. 2007). It MATERIALS AND METHODS shows that each somatic cell holds approximately Experimental Samples 1000 times more RNA than a mature spermatozoon. Semen samples were obtained from crossbred Because of the above fact, the spermatozoal Frieswal bulls with the aid of an AV (42-45ºC) at early transcript proile could easily be distorted by morning by the semen collector. Immediately after 01 Volume 6 Number 1, 2016 collection it was assessed for normal semen quality Sperm Separation Procedure parameters. Ejaculates were quickly placed in a Sperm puriication was carried out on a o water bath at 34 C, after collection, and evaluated for discontinuous gradient of 45 and 90% (v/v) Percoll volume, sperm concentration and progressive (Fig.1). Generally the preparation of 90% Percoll motility per cent. Sperm concentration was solution using a 9: 1 mixture of Percoll and a 10x estimated by using a photometer (Accucell, IMV- stock of Sp-TALP (Parrish et al. 1988) was avoided France) after appropriate calibration for bovine because it may give rise a hyperosmotic solution due semen. Semen was diluted in tris-egg yolk-citric acid- to the presence of considerable solid Percoll beads in fructose-glycerol extender and progressive motility the solution (Parrish et al. 1995). A modiication was was assessed subjectively (in scale of 0–100% at therefore used here (as proposed by Parrish et al. nearest 5% intervals), by placing a drop of diluted 1995) to produce a medium that was iso-osmotic semen on a glass slide covered with a cover slip and with Sp-TALP. Briely, to prepare 90% Percoll viewing at least 5 microscopic ields at 200x solution as per modiication, Percoll was mixed 9: 1 magniication under a phase-contrast microscope with a concentrated solution containing 31 mM KCl, itted warm stage (37 0C). Testicular tissues of buffalo 800 mM NaCl, 3 mM NaH2PO4 and 100 mM HEPES. (Bubalus bubalis) were collected from a local abattoir The pH of the concentrated solution was previously in RNA later, transported to the laboratory and adjusted to pH 7.3 with 1 N NaOH. The following 0 stored at -80 C before use. c h e m i c a l s w e r e t h e n a d d e d ( m M i n a l Evaluation of viability of spermatozoa concentrations): CaC12 (2.0), MgC12 (0.4), lactic acid Both eosin nigrosin (EN) vital stain and hypo- (21.6) and NaHC03 (25.0).To prepare the 45% Percoll osmotic swelling test (HOST) were used for the solution, the 90% Percoll medium was mixed 1: 1 evaluation of the sperm plasmalemma integrity. For with Sp-TALP. The gradient consisted of 0.5 ml of the EN test, smears were prepared by mixing 20 μl fresh semen sample layered over 2 ml of 45% Percoll of sperm fraction and an equal volume of EN solution and 2 ml of 90% Percoll in a 15-ml conical plastic (1 g eosin, 5g nigrosin, 2.9 g sodium citrate in 100ml tube. The tube was centrifuged at 700 g for 30 min. of distilled water). The percentage of membrane- The pellet from the bottom was carefully collected intact sperm identiied by EN was determined by after discarding above layers, washed and counting 200 sperm under magniication (×400) centrifuged twice at 250 g for 5 min in Sp-TALP with bright-ield microscopy. Unstained sperm were solution. The pellet containing the motile 0 viable whereas sperm showing partial or complete spermatozoa was kept at -80 C in RNAlater (Ambion, purple staining were considered as dead cells. Austin, TX, USA) until RNA extraction. The response of bovine spermatozoa to the HOS test was assessed with fructose and sodium citrate solution (150 mOsm/L). After semen collection, 100μL of raw semen was added to 1.0 mL of pre- warmed (37oC) HOS solution, mixed gently and incubated for 1 hour at 37oC.