Powershell Cmdlet Powershell Powershell Windows Powershell

11

PowerShell

Cmdlet

PowerShell

PowerShell

Windows PowerShell PowerShell PowerShell Windows Server 2008 Windows Server 2008 Windows Server 2008 PowerShell Windows Server 2008

PowerShell 1.0 Windows Server 2008 PowerShell Windows PowerShell Windows XP Windows Server 2003 Windows Vista PowerShell http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2003/technologies/management/powershell/default.mspx

PowerShell Shell Shell Shell

Shell CD

Shell

Windows Windows Shell Windows Shell Shell Windows Windows Shell Shell Shell 8 Windows Server 2008 Server Core Windows Shell Shell Graphical User Interface GUI Command Line Interface CLI Shell

Windows PowerShell Shell CD

Shell

PowerShell .NET Framework Windows Server 2008 Server Core PowerShell Windows Server 2008 .NET Framework

PowerShell PowerShell .Net Framework Windows PowerShell WMI ADSI CDO Windows PowerShell

PowerShell PowerShell

286 PowerShell

PowerShell

PowerShell

Windows Server 2008 PowerShell PowerShell PowerShell

PowerShell PowerShell

Exchange Server 2007 System Center :Operations Manager Virtual Machine Manager PowerShell PowerShell cmdlet Quest Software PowerShell PowerShell

PowerShell Windows Server 2008 Windows Server 2008 PowerShell PowerShell

PowerShell

System Center System Center https://www.microsoft.com/china/systemcenter/

Quest Software Windows Quest software http://www.quest.com/

287 11-1

11-1

Windows PowerShell PowerShell 11-2

11-2 Windows PowerShell

288 PowerShell

Windows PowerShell PowerShell PowerShell 11-3

11-3 PowerShell

PowerShell Administrator Windows PowerShell PowerShell 11-4

11-4 PowerShell

PowerShell powerShell PowerShell powerShell PowerShell telnet telnet powerShell PowerShell

289

PowerShell exit PowerShell

PowerShell PowerShell PowerShell Windows cmd.exe PowerShell PowerShell Windows Reg.exe Netsh PowerShell dir cd

PowerShell cmdlet command-let cmdlet Shell

cmdlet - - cmdlet Get-Process cmdlet get process cmdlet cmdlet cmdlet NTFS cacls acls aclquery PowerShell Get-Acl PowerShell cmdlet netsh cmdlet PowerShell

PowerShell 129 cmdlet cmdlet PowerShell cmdlet

PowerShell cmdlet PowerShell cmdlet cmdlet cmdlet cmdlet Get-Command cmdlet PowerShell

290 PowerShell

Get-Command 11-5

11-5 cmdlet

PowerShell cmdlet cmdlet

cmdlet cmdlet - cmdlet

cmdlet 11-6

11-6 cmdlet

-Name Test* Test cmdlet

cmdlet cmdlet -? cmdlet -? cmdlet cmdlet 11-7 cmdlet cmdlet -?

291

11-7 cmdlet

cmdlet cmdlet 11-1 PowerShell cmdlet cmdlet

表 11-1 PowerShell 内置的常用 cmdlet

cmdlet Compare-Object Copy-Item Copy-ItemProperty ForEach-Object Format-List Format-Table Format-Wide Get-Acl Get-Alias Get-ChildItem Get-Command cmdlet Windows PowerShell Get-Content Get-Credential Get-Date Get-EventLog Get-ExecutionPolicy Get-Help Windows PowerShell cmdlet Get-Item Get-ItemProperty

292 PowerShell

续表

cmdlet Get-Location Get-Member Get-Process Get-PSDrive Windows PowerShell Get-Service Get-WmiObject WMI Import-Alias Move-Item Move-ItemProperty New-Item New-ItemProperty New-Object .NET COM New-Variable Out-File Out-Host Read-Host Remove-Item Remove-ItemProperty Rename-Item Windows PowerShell Rename-ItemProperty Resolve-Path Restart-Service Set-Alias Windows PowerShell cmdlet Set-Content Set-ExecutionPolicy Set-Item Set-ItemProperty Set-Location Set-Service Set-Variable Sort-Object Start-Service Stop-Process Stop-Service Where-Object

cmdlet cmdlet

293 PowerShell cmdlet PowerShell

Tab cmdlet PowerShell

Get-Command –CommandType “cmdlet”

get-co Tab PowerShell Get-Command -c Tab PowerShell -CommandType Tab 33 17

cmdlet Tab PowerShell cmdlet get-c Tab PowerShell Get-ChildItem Get-Command Get-Content Get-Credential Get-Culture Get-C

Tab cmdlet

'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\90\EULA\License_SSEE_CHS.txt'

c:\pro[tab 键]\m [tab 键]\9[tab 键]\e[tab 键]\l[tab 键]

PowerShell PowerShell

1

Get-Command -Na "test*"

2

Get-Command -Name "test*"

Get-Command -Na -Name -N

294 PowerShell

-Noun

PowerShell

11.2.1 使用管道连接 cmdlet

cmdlet

cmdlet PowerShell

PowerShell cmdlet cmdlet cmdlet cmdlet PowerShell | cmdlet cmdlet Get-Process Stop-Process cmdlet |

Get-Process -ProcessName "Notepad" | Stop-Process

Get-Process cmdlet Notepad Stop-Process cmdlet cmdlet Notepad Stop-Process

cmdlet cmdlet 3 cmdlet cmdlet cmdlet

Get-ChildItem C:\Users | ForEach-Object {$_.Name + " " + $_.Mode} | Out-File C:\tmp\Users.txt

C:\Users Users.txt

11.2.2 面向对象的命令界面

Windows UNIX Shell

295 | PowerShell

Shell PowerShell PowerShell cmdlet

PowerShell Shell PowerShell Shell

PowerShell .NET Framework Shell

PowerShell PS

Shell cmdlet PowerShell

cmdlet cmdlet Get-Member Get-Member 11-8

11-8

296 PowerShell

Get-Process "Notepad" Notepad Get-Member Get-Member

Get-Member .NET Framework System.Diagnostics.Process MSDN http://msdn.microsoft.com 11-9

11-9 MSDN

PowerShell

cmdlet PowerShell

$p = Get-Process -Name “Notepad”

PowerShell $ Get-Process cmdlet Notepad $p

$p.Name

297

$p.Kill()

Kill() PowerShell 11-10

11-10

C#

cmdlet cmdlet $_ cmdlet

Get-ChildItem | Foreach-Object {$_.FullName} Get-ChildItem Foreach-Object cmdlet {} {} $_ .FullName 11-11

11-11

298 PowerShell

11.2.3 格式化输出结果

cmdlet Shell PowerShell cmdlet cmdlet cmdlet cmdlet

PowerShell cmdlet 11-2

表 11-2 格式输出 cmdlet

格式 cmdlet 功能 Format-List Format-Custom Format-Table Format-Wide

Get-Process

Get-Process –Name “Notepad” | Format-List

Get-Process cmdlet Notepad Format-List cmdlet

Get-Process -Name “Notepad” | Format-List Name, ID, CPU

11-12

11-12

Format-Table cmdlet 11-13

299

11-13

11.2.4 使用 PowerShell 别名

PowerShell dir cd cat grep PowerShell PowerShell PowerShell cmdlet dir Get-ChildItem cmdlet PowerShell dir rm pwd Shell Windows UNIX Shell PowerShell PowerShell 11-3 Get-Alias cmdlet

表 11-3 PowerShell 中内置的别名

cat dir Mount Rm cd echo Move Rmdir chdir erase Popd Sleep cls history Pushd Tee copy kill Pwd Type del lp Clear write diff ls Ren

cmdlet cmdlet PowerShell Set-Alias PowerShell nsvc Get-Service cmdlet 11-14

nsvc alias:nsvc PowerShell

remove-item alias: nsvc

300 PowerShell

11-14 PowerShell

PowerShell PowerShell PowerShell PowerShell PowerShell

11.2.5 使用函数

cmdlet cmdlet PowerShell PowerShell PowerShell

function <函数名> {语句… }

hosts hosts

Get-Content C:\Windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts

11-15

11-15

301 11.2.6 PowerShell 驱动器

PowerShell

PowerShell cd Set-Location dir Get-Childitem cmdlet Tab PowerShell Item cmdlet Get-Item Get-Childitem New-Item Remove-Item Set-Item Move-Item PowerShell

Get-PSDrive cmdlet PowerShell 11-16

11-16

HKEY_CURRENT_USER HKCU HKCU cd HKCU: PowerShell cd dir 11-17

11-17

302 PowerShell

cd env: PowerShell 11-18

11-18

PowerShell

11.2.7 获取帮助信息

PowerShell PowerShell cmdlet -? cmdlet cmdlet Get-Help PowerShell

Get-Help PowerShell cmdlet Get-Content

Get-Help Get-Content

-Detailed -Full 11-19

11-19

303 Get-Help -Example -Parameters cmdlet Get-Content

Get-Help Get-Content -Parameters *

PowerShell -Parameters * F* F Get-Help cmdlet Get-Help about_wildcard

Get-Help cmdlet PowerShell

Get-Help about_*

PowerShell

PowerShell

$strComputer = "." $colItems = get-wmiobject -class "Win32_Product" -namespace "root\CIMV2" ` -computername $strComputer foreach ($objItem in $colItems) { write-host "Caption: " $objItem.Caption write-host "Description: " $objItem.Description write-host "Identifying Number: " $objItem.IdentifyingNumber write-host "Installation Date: " $objItem.InstallDate write-host "Installation Date 2: " $objItem.InstallDate2 write-host "Installation Location: " $objItem.InstallLocation write-host "Installation State: " $objItem.InstallState write-host "Name: " $objItem.Name write-host "Package Cache: " $objItem.PackageCache write-host "SKU Number: " $objItem.SKUNumber write-host "Vendor: " $objItem.Vendor write-host "Version: " $objItem.Version write-host }

304 PowerShell

PowerShell .ps1

C:\PSCode\Demo.ps1

:

.\Demo.ps1

.\ PowerShell

PowerShell PowerShell 11-20

11-20

PowerShell Restricted cmdlet Get-ExecutionPolicy

PowerShell Set-ExecutionPolicy cmdlet 11-4

表 11-4 PowerShell 的脚本执行策略

Restricted AllSigned RemoteSigned Unrestricted

PowerShell

305 Set-ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted

Get-Help about_signing

PowerShell PowerShell

1 cmdlet

Out-Host -Paging

2 PowerShell

PowerShell cmdlet Quest Software PowerShell Commands for Active Directory http://www.quest.com/powerShell/activeroles-server.aspx cmdlet PowerShell .NET Framework

3 PowerShell PowerShell

PowerShell PowerShell PowerGui http://powergui.org/index.jspa PowerShell Script Editor PowerShell

cmdlet

PowerShell Windows

306 PowerShell

PowerShell

 Windows PowerShell

http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2003/technologies/management/powerShell/defa ult.mspx  Windows PowerShell

http://www.microsoft.com/technet/scriptcenter/hubs/msh.mspx  Windows PowerShell

http://www.microsoft.com/technet/scriptcenter/scripts/default.mspx?mfr=true

307