Viruses 2015, 7, 2428-2449; doi:10.3390/v7052428 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 www.mdpi.com/journal/viruses Article Impact of Adenovirus E4-ORF3 Oligomerization and Protein Localization on Cellular Gene Expression Elizabeth I. Vink 1,†, Yueting Zheng 1, Rukhsana Yeasmin 2, Thomas Stamminger 3, Laurie T. Krug 1 and Patrick Hearing 1,* 1 Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5222, USA; E-Mails:
[email protected] (Y.Z.);
[email protected] (L.T.K.) 2 Department of Computer Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; E-Mail:
[email protected] 3 Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schlossgarten 4, Erlangen 91054, Germany; E-Mail:
[email protected] † Current address: Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; E-Mail:
[email protected]. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
[email protected]; Tel.: +1-631-632-8813; Fax: +1-631-632-9797. Academic Editor: Joanna Parish Received: 31 March 2015 / Accepted: 11 May 2015 / Published: 13 May 2015 Abstract: The Adenovirus E4-ORF3 protein facilitates virus replication through the relocalization of cellular proteins into nuclear inclusions termed tracks. This sequestration event disrupts antiviral properties associated with target proteins. Relocalization of Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 proteins prevents the DNA damage response from inhibiting Ad replication. Relocalization of PML and Daxx impedes the interferon-mediated antiviral response. Several E4-ORF3 targets regulate gene expression, linking E4-ORF3 to transcriptional control.