DOCSLIB.ORG

Hebrew Range: 0590–05FF

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Hebrew Range: 0590–05FF This file contains an excerpt from the character code tables and list of character names for The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 This file may be changed at any time without notice to reflect errata or other updates to the Unicode Standard. See https://www.unicode.org/errata/ for an up-to-date list of errata. See https://www.unicode.org/charts/ for access to a complete list of the latest character code charts. See https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-14.0/ for charts showing only the characters added in Unicode 14.0. See https://www.unicode.org/Public/14.0.0/charts/ for a complete archived file of character code charts for Unicode 14.0. Disclaimer These charts are provided as the online reference to the character contents of the Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 but do not provide all the information needed to fully support individual scripts using the Unicode Standard. For a complete understanding of the use of the characters contained in this file, please consult the appropriate sections of The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0, online at https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode14.0.0/, as well as Unicode Standard Annexes #9, #11, #14, #15, #24, #29, #31, #34, #38, #41, #42, #44, #45, and #50, the other Unicode Technical Reports and Standards, and the Unicode Character Database, which are available online. See https://www.unicode.org/ucd/ and https://www.unicode.org/reports/ A thorough understanding of the information contained in these additional sources is required for a successful implementation. Copying characters from the character code tables or list of character names is not recommended, because for production reasons the PDF files for the code charts cannot guarantee that the correct character codes will always be copied. Fonts The shapes of the reference glyphs used in these code charts are not prescriptive. Considerable variation is to be expected in actual fonts. The particular fonts used in these charts were provided to the Unicode Consortium by a number of different font designers, who own the rights to the fonts. See https://www.unicode.org/charts/fonts.html for a list. Terms of Use You may freely use these code charts for personal or internal business uses only. You may not incorporate them either wholly or in part into any product or publication, or otherwise distribute them without express written permission from the Unicode Consortium. However, you may provide links to these charts. The fonts and font data used in production of these code charts may NOT be extracted, or used in any other way in any product or publication, without permission or license granted by the typeface owner(s). The Unicode Consortium is not liable for errors or omissions in this file or the standard itself. Information on characters added to the Unicode Standard since the publication of the most recent version of the Unicode Standard, as well as on characters currently being considered for addition to the Unicode Standard can be found on the Unicode web site. See https://www.unicode.org/pending/pending.html and https://www.unicode.org/alloc/Pipeline.html. Copyright © 1991-2021 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. 0590 Hebrew 05FF 059 05A 05B 05C 05D 05E 05F װ נ א ׀ ְ$ ֠$ 0 05A0 05B0 05C0 05D0 05E0 05F0 ױ ס ב ׁ$ ֱ$ ֡$ ֑$ 1 0591 05A1 05B1 05C1 05D1 05E1 05F1 ײ ע ג ׂ$ ֲ$ ֢$ ֒$ 2 0592 05A2 05B2 05C2 05D2 05E2 05F2 ׳ ף ד ׃ ֳ$ ֣$ ֓$ 3 0593 05A3 05B3 05C3 05D3 05E3 05F3 ״ פ ה ׄ$ ִ$ ֤$ ֔$ 4 0594 05A4 05B4 05C4 05D4 05E4 05F4 ץ ו ׅ$ ֵ$ ֥$ ֕$ 5 0595 05A5 05B5 05C5 05D5 05E5 צ ז ׆ ֶ$ ֦$ ֖$ 6 0596 05A6 05B6 05C6 05D6 05E6 ק ח ׇ$ ַ$ ֧$ ֗$ 7 0597 05A7 05B7 05C7 05D7 05E7 ר ט ָ$ ֨$ ֘$ 8 0598 05A8 05B8 05D8 05E8 ש י ֹ$ ֩$ ֙$ 9 0599 05A9 05B9 05D9 05E9 ת ך A $֚ $֪ $ֺ 059A 05AA 05BA 05DA 05EA כ ֻ$ ֫$ ֛$ B 059B 05AB 05BB 05DB ל ּ$ ֬$ ֜$ C 059C 05AC 05BC 05DC ם ֽ$ ֭$ ֝$ D 059D 05AD 05BD 05DD מ ־ ֮$ ֞$ E 059E 05AE 05BE 05DE ׯ ן ֿ$ ֯$ ֟$ F 059F 05AF 05BF 05DF 05EF The Unicode Standard 14.0, Copyright © 1991-2021 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. 0591 Hebrew 05E0 Cantillation marks 05B8 $ָ HEBREW POINT QAMATS HEBREW ACCENT ETNAHTA • used generically or as qamats gadol in ֑$ 0591 = atnah orthography which distinguishes that from HEBREW ACCENT SEGOL qamats qatan ֒$ 0592 segolta → 05C7 $ׇ hebrew point qamats qatan = HEBREW POINT HOLAM ֹ$ HEBREW ACCENT SHALSHELET 05B9 $ 0593 HEBREW POINT HOLAM HASER FOR VAV ֓ HEBREW ACCENT ZAQEF QATAN 05BA $ֺ $ 0594 HEBREW POINT QUBUTS ֔ ֻ$ HEBREW ACCENT ZAQEF GADOL 05BB $ 0595 HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ ֕ ּ$ HEBREW ACCENT TIPEHA 05BC ֖$ 0596 = tarha, me'ayla ~ mayla = shuruq 0597 $ HEBREW ACCENT REVIA • falls within the base letter HEBREW POINT METEG ֗ ֽ$ HEBREW ACCENT ZARQA 05BD ֘$ 0598 = tsinorit, zinorit; tsinor, zinor = siluq • This character is to be used when Zarqa or • may be used as a Hebrew accent sof pasuq HEBREW PUNCTUATION MAQAF ־ Tsinor are placed above, and also for Tsinorit. 05BE HEBREW POINT RAFE ֿ$ 05AE $֮ hebrew accent zinor 05BF → HEBREW ACCENT PASHTA → FB1E ﬞ$ hebrew point judeo-spanish varika ֙$ 0599 HEBREW PUNCTUATION PASEQ ׀ 059A $֚ HEBREW ACCENT YETIV 05C0 059B $֛ HEBREW ACCENT TEVIR = legarmeh 059C $֜ HEBREW ACCENT GERESH • may be treated as spacing punctuation, not as = teres a point 059D $֝ HEBREW ACCENT GERESH MUQDAM → 007C | vertical line 05C1 $ HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT ׁ 059E $֞ HEBREW ACCENT GERSHAYIM HEBREW ACCENT QARNEY PARA 05C2 $ׂ HEBREW POINT SIN DOT 059F $֟ HEBREW PUNCTUATION SOF PASUQ ׃ pazer gadol 05C3 = 05A0 $֠ HEBREW ACCENT TELISHA GEDOLA • may be used as a Hebrew punctuation colon 05A1 $֡ HEBREW ACCENT PAZER → 003A : colon = pazer qatan Puncta extraordinaria 05A2 $֢ HEBREW ACCENT ATNAH HAFUKH 05C4 $ׄ HEBREW MARK UPPER DOT 05AA $֪ hebrew accent yerah ben yomo 05C5 $ׅ HEBREW MARK LOWER DOT → (05A3 $֣ HEBREW ACCENT MUNAH • punctum extraordinarium (Psalms 27:13 HEBREW ACCENT MAHAPAKH 05A4 $֤ → 05B4 $ִ hebrew point hiriq 05A5 $֥ HEBREW ACCENT MERKHA = yored Points and punctuation HEBREW PUNCTUATION NUN HAFUKHA 05A6 $֦ HEBREW ACCENT MERKHA KEFULA 05C6 ׆ 05A7 $֧ HEBREW ACCENT DARGA • does not historically derive from the letter nun hebrew letter nun נ 05A8 $֨ HEBREW ACCENT QADMA → 05E0 azla 05C7 $ׇ HEBREW POINT QAMATS QATAN = 05A9 $֩ HEBREW ACCENT TELISHA QETANA → 05B8 $ָ hebrew point qamats 05AA $֪ HEBREW ACCENT YERAH BEN YOMO Based on ISO 8859-8 HEBREW LETTER ALEF א galgal 05D0 = 05A2 $֢ hebrew accent atnah hafukh = aleph → 05AB $ HEBREW ACCENT OLE ℵ alef symbol 2135 → ֫ HEBREW LETTER BET ב 05AC $֬ HEBREW ACCENT ILUY 05D1 HEBREW ACCENT DEHI 05AD $֭ → 2136 ℶ bet symbol HEBREW LETTER GIMEL ג 05AE $֮ HEBREW ACCENT ZINOR 05D2 = tsinor; zarqa → 2137 ℷ gimel symbol HEBREW LETTER DALET ד This character is to be used when Zarqa or 05D3 • Tsinor are placed above left. 2138 dalet symbol $ hebrew accent zarqa → ℸ HEBREW LETTER HE ה 05D4 ֘ 0598 → 05AF $ HEBREW MARK MASORA CIRCLE HEBREW LETTER VAV ו 05D5 ֯ HEBREW LETTER ZAYIN ז Points and punctuation 05D6 HEBREW LETTER HET ח 05B0 $ְ HEBREW POINT SHEVA 05D7 HEBREW LETTER TET ט 05B1 $ֱ HEBREW POINT HATAF SEGOL 05D8 HEBREW LETTER YOD י 05B2 $ֲ HEBREW POINT HATAF PATAH 05D9 HEBREW LETTER FINAL KAF ך 05B3 $ֳ HEBREW POINT HATAF QAMATS 05DA HEBREW LETTER KAF כ 05B4 $ִ HEBREW POINT HIRIQ 05DB HEBREW LETTER LAMED ל 05B5 $ֵ HEBREW POINT TSERE 05DC HEBREW LETTER FINAL MEM ם 05B6 $ֶ HEBREW POINT SEGOL 05DD HEBREW LETTER MEM מ 05B7 $ַ HEBREW POINT PATAH 05DE HEBREW LETTER FINAL NUN ן furtive patah is not a distinct character 05DF • HEBREW LETTER NUN נ 05E0 The Unicode Standard 14.0, Copyright © 1991-2021 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. 05E1 Hebrew 05F4 HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH ס 05E1 HEBREW LETTER AYIN ע 05E2 HEBREW LETTER FINAL PE ף 05E3 HEBREW LETTER PE פ 05E4 HEBREW LETTER FINAL TSADI ץ 05E5 HEBREW LETTER TSADI צ 05E6 = zade HEBREW LETTER QOF ק 05E7 HEBREW LETTER RESH ר 05E8 HEBREW LETTER SHIN ש 05E9 HEBREW LETTER TAV ת 05EA Sign 05EF ׯ HEBREW YOD TRIANGLE Yiddish digraphs HEBREW LIGATURE YIDDISH DOUBLE VAV װ 05F0 = tsvey vovn HEBREW LIGATURE YIDDISH VAV YOD ױ 05F1 HEBREW LIGATURE YIDDISH DOUBLE YOD ײ 05F2 = tsvey yudn Additional punctuation HEBREW PUNCTUATION GERESH ׳ 05F3 → 0027 ' apostrophe HEBREW PUNCTUATION GERSHAYIM ״ 05F4 → 0022 " quotation mark The Unicode Standard 14.0, Copyright © 1991-2021 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved..
Recommended publications
  • The Tiberian Pronunciation Tradition of Biblical Hebrew, Volume 2

    The Tiberian Pronunciation Tradition of Biblical Hebrew, Volume 2

    Cambridge Semitic Languages and Cultures The Tiberian Pronunciation Khan Tradition of Biblical Hebrew (Vol. II) The Tiberian Pronunciation Geoffrey Khan Tradition of Biblical Hebrew The form of Biblical Hebrew that is presented in printed edi� ons, with vocaliza� on and accent signs, has its origin in medieval manuscripts of the Bible. The vocaliza� on and Tradition of Biblical Hebrew Vol. II Volume II accent signs are nota� on systems that were created in Tiberias in the early Islamic period by scholars known as the Tiberian Masoretes, but the oral tradi� on they represent has roots in an� quity. The gramma� cal textbooks and reference grammars of Biblical Hebrew The Tiberian Pronunciation in use today are heirs to centuries of tradi� on of gramma� cal works on Biblical Hebrew in GEOFFREY KHAN Europe. The paradox is that this European tradi� on of Biblical Hebrew grammar did not have direct access to the way the Tiberian Masoretes were pronouncing Biblical Hebrew. In the last few decades, research of manuscript sources from the medieval Middle East has made it possible to reconstruct with considerable accuracy the pronuncia� on of the Tiberian Masoretes, which has come to be known as the ‘Tiberian pronuncia� on tradi� on’. This book presents the current state of knowledge of the Tiberian pronuncia� on tradi� on of Biblical Hebrew and a full edi� on of one of the key medieval sources, Hidāyat al-Qāriʾ ‘The Guide for the Reader’, by ʾAbū al-Faraj Hārūn. It is hoped that the book will help to break the mould of current gramma� cal descrip� ons of Biblical Hebrew and form a bridge between modern tradi� ons of grammar and the school of the Masoretes of Tiberias.
  • Deciphering-Jewish-Gravestones.Pdf

    Deciphering-Jewish-Gravestones.Pdf

    Deciphering Jewish Gravestones Philip Trauring Originally published on bloodandfrogs.com March 8, 2020 My 2011 article on Jewish gravestone symbols has long been one of the most popular posts on my web site. In that article, I discuss the symbols found on Jewish gravestones, but not the text. I wrote in the first paragraph that I will likely write about the text at some point in the future. Unfortunately, I waited nine years to do so, but here’s a look at some of the Hebrew text you might find on a Jewish gravestone, and how to decipher it. We should get some terminology out the way. We’re talking about Hebrew inscriptions on מצבה kever, and the gravestone itself a קבר gravestones. In Hebrew we call the grave a matseva (lit. monument). There isn’t a particularly good Hebrew word for epitaph (the the writing on the gravestone. We do use the word הכתובת על המצבה inscription), it’s just hesped for eulogy, and you can think of some of the inscription to be a eulogy. As this הספד is intended as an introduction to this topic, I’ll simply use the English terms most of the time. Let’s jump in with a gravestone I photographed in Warsaw in 2018. I like this inscription because it’s fairly clear and it duplicates almost all the information from the Hebrew in Polish, allowing everything to be confirmed. We have here a Professor Markus Zamenof, who was born in 1837 and died in 1907. I’ve underlined key parts of the Hebrew, and explain it all in the table below the photo.
  • The Current State of Masoretic Studies*

    The Current State of Masoretic Studies*

    SEFARAD, vol. 73:2, julio-diciembre 2013, págs. 423-458 ISSN: 0037-0894, doi: 10.3989/sefarad.013.015 ESTADO DE LA CUESTIÓN The Current State of Masoretic Studies* Elvira Martín Contreras** ILC-CCHS, CSIC, Madrid The foundation of the International Organization of Masoretic Studies (IOMS) in 1972 was a turning point in the studies on Masorah. Since then, Masoretic studies have undergone a true renaissance. The publications on Masoretic issues have proliferated, and the importance of the Masorah for the study of the text of the Hebrew Bible has been stressed in numerous reviews. This brief survey presents the evolution of Masoretic stu- dies, the main research lines and achievements, and some of the most relevant works in the last forty years. KEYWORDS: Masorah; Ketib-Qere; Grammar; Hebrew Bible Text. ESTADO DE LA CUESTIÓN DE LOS ESTUDIOS MASORÉTICOS.— La creación de la International Organization of Masoretic Studies (IOMS) en 1972 supuso un punto de inflexión en los estudios sobre Masora. Desde entonces, los estudios masoréticos han experimentado un auténtico renacer. Las publicaciones sobre temas masoréticos han proliferado y la impor- tancia de la Masora para el estudio del texto de la Biblia Hebrea ha sido resaltada en nu- merosas reseñas. Esta breve panorámica ofrece la evolución de los estudios masoréticos, sus principales líneas de investigación y logros, así como los trabajos más significativos de los últimos cuarenta años. PALABRAS CLAVE: Masora; ketib-qere; gramática; texto de la Biblia hebrea. Last year marked the 40th anniversary of the creation of the International Organization of Masoretic Studies (IOMS) by Prof. Harry Orlinsky brin- ging together all the modern “Masoretes” and enabling work in this field.
  • Fragmente Jüdischer Kultur in Der Stadtbibliothek Mainz

    Fragmente Jüdischer Kultur in Der Stadtbibliothek Mainz

    Veröffentlichungen der Bibliotheken der Stadt Mainz Herausgegeben von der Landeshauptstadt Mainz Band 62 Andreas Lehnardt und Annelen Ottermann Fragmente jüdischer Kultur in der Stadtbibliothek Mainz Entdeckungen und Deutungen Mainz 2014 Umschlag: III d:4°/394 ® Gestaltung: Tanja Labs (artefont) Bibliografi sche Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografi e; detaillierte bibliografi sche Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. ISBN 978-3-00-046570-3 © Landeshauptstadt Mainz / Bibliotheken der Stadt Mainz 2014 Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung der Bibliotheken der Stadt Mainz unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen jeder Art, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfi lmungen und für die Einspeicherung in elektronische Systeme. Gestaltung, Satz, Einband: Silja Geisler, Tanja Labs (artefont) und Elke Morlok Druck: Lindner OHG Mainz Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort des Direktors 7 Vorwort 9 Allgemeine Hinweise 11 1. Einführung 13 Hebräische Makulaturforschung in Mainz 15 Die Stadtbibliothek Mainz und ihre Bestände 18 Zwischen Verfolgung und Vernachlässigung - Wie kamen die Fragmente zu den Büchern? 19 Was besagen die Fragmente über die jüdische Lesekultur im Mittelalter? Welche Schriften wurden von Juden gelesen? 27 Zur Beschreibung der Fragmente 30 2. Tora-Rollen 35 3. Bibel (Tanakh), Masora und Targum 49 4. Bibel-Kommentar 87 5. Mischna 95 6. Talmud 105 7. Talmud-Kommentare 131 8. Midrasch Tanchuma 145 9. Machsor 157 10. Piyyut-Kommentar 201 11. Kodizes 207 12. Nicht identifi zierte hebräische Fragmente 223 13. Anhang: Orientalische Genisa-Fragmente 233 14. Liste aller hebräischen Fragmente in der Stadtbibliothek Mainz 241 15.
  • ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N2714 L2/04-089R A. Administrative B

    ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N2714 L2/04-089R A. Administrative B

    ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N2714 L2/04-089R 2004-03-04 Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set International Organization for Standardization Organisation Internationale de Normalisation еждународная организация по стандартизации Doc Type: Working Group Document Title: Proposal to add two Masoretic punctuation marks to the BMP of the UCS Source: Mark Shoulson, Peter Kirk, John Hudson, Michael Everson, and Peter Constable Status: Individual Contribution Action: For consideration by JTC1/SC2/WG2 and UTC Date: 2004-03-04 This document requests an additional character to be added to the UCS and contains the proposal summary form. A. Administrative 1. Title Proposal to add two Masoretic punctuation marks to the BMP of the UCS. 2. Requester’s name Mark Shoulson, Peter Kirk, John Hudson, Michael Everson, and Peter Constable 3. Requester type (Member body/Liaison/Individual contribution) Individual contribution. 4. Submission date 2004-03-04 5. Requester’s reference (if applicable) 6. Choose one of the following: 6a. This is a complete proposal Yes. 6b. More information will be provided later No. B. Technical – General 1. Choose one of the following: 1a. This proposal is for a new script (set of characters) No. Proposed name of script 1b. The proposal is for addition of character(s) to an existing block Yes. 1b. Name of the existing block Hebrew 2. Number of characters in proposal 2 3. Proposed category (see section II, Character Categories) Category B.1 4a. Proposed Level of Implementation (1, 2 or 3) (see clause 14, ISO/IEC 10646-1: 2000) Level 1. 4b. Is a rationale provided for the choice? Yes.
  • Two Notes on the Exceptional Shalshelet

    Two Notes on the Exceptional Shalshelet

    TWO NOTES ON THE EXCEPTIONAL SHALSHELET GILAD J. GEVARYAHU THE FOUR INSTANCES OF SHALSHELET IN THE TORAH The cantillation mark shalshelet appears only four times in the Torah. The root of this word is shin-lamed-shin, meaning three, and, in the Ashkenazic tradition as well as in many Sephardic traditions, the melody ascends and descends three times. It appears three times in the book of Genesis and one time in the book of Leviticus. In the Mesorah it is referred to as Mar’imin u’Mafsikin (Mesorah Gedolah, Lev. 8:23). Mar’imin means thunderous, and Mafsikin means pausing, terms that appear to describe the sound of its melody.1 In this article, we will see how all four shalshelot in the Torah consistently relate to the texts in which they are used. These are the four instances of the shalshelet in the Torah: 1. Genesis 19:16: Shalshelet appears in the story of Lot in Sodom, when the angels tell Lot that he must leave the city, for God is about to destroy it. The word with the shalshelet is the first word in the verse, Still he delayed [vayitmahameha]. So the men [angels] seized his hand . Although not directly mentioning the shalshelet, many commentators note here that Lot hesitated to leave and responded in an unusually slow manner. This approach is found for example in Pseudo-Jonathan, Rashi, Ibn-Ezra, and Radak on this verse. This is based in Genesis Rabbah 50:11, that Lot was concerned about losing all the property he had accumulated and was hesitant to leave Sodom.
  • Encoded Representations for Distinct Positional Uses of Hebrew Meteg Peter Constable, Microsoft Corporation 2004-09-13

    Encoded Representations for Distinct Positional Uses of Hebrew Meteg Peter Constable, Microsoft Corporation 2004-09-13

    Encoded representations for distinct positional uses of Hebrew Meteg Peter Constable, Microsoft Corporation 2004-09-13 In some uses of the Hebrew script, particularly for Biblical text, a variety of combining marks are used. One of these marks is meteg, encoded as U+05BD, HEBREW POINT METEG. Meteg frequently occurs together with other combining marks. When meteg co-occurs with another mark that occupies the same general space below the base character, different relative arrangements of meteg and these other marks are possible. In some uses it is considered necessary to specify these relative arrangements of meteg and other marks in the encoded representation. A proposal1 has been submitted to UTC for how these different positionings of meteg should be specified in encoded representations. This proposal makes use of the control characters COMBINING GRAPHEME JOINER (CGJ), ZERO WIDTH JOINER (ZWJ) and ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER (ZWNJ). This public-review issue is soliciting feedback on this proposal and, in particular, on the proposed use of ZWJ and ZWNJ for distinguishing between the different positional uses of the meteg. The details in this case are somewhat complex. Familiarity with combining marks, canonical combining classes, canonical ordering and canonical equivalence is assumed. Some background information on those topics is provided in an appendix. 1. Background: meteg in combination with below-base vowel marks Biblical Hebrew text includes a number of marks used to annotate the text, which were introduced by Masoretic scholars over a thousand years ago. These marks include vowel points and a number of accentuation marks that indicate structural units of the text, serving to guide the reader or chanter.
  • How Was the Dageš in Biblical Hebrew Pronounced and Why Is It There? Geoffrey Khan

    How Was the Dageš in Biblical Hebrew Pronounced and Why Is It There? Geoffrey Khan

    1 pronounced and why is it בָּתִּ ים How was the dageš in Biblical Hebrew there? Geoffrey Khan houses’ is generally presented as an enigma in‘ בָּתִּ ים The dageš in the Biblical Hebrew plural form descriptions of the language. A wide variety of opinions about it have been expressed in Biblical Hebrew textbooks, reference grammars and the scholarly literature, but many of these are speculative without any direct or comparative evidence. One of the aims of this article is to examine the evidence for the way the dageš was pronounced in this word in sources that give us direct access to the Tiberian Masoretic reading tradition. A second aim is to propose a reason why the word has a dageš on the basis of comparative evidence within Biblical Hebrew reading traditions and other Semitic languages. בָּתִּיםבָּתִּ ים The Pronunciation of the Dageš in .1.0 The Tiberian vocalization signs and accents were created by the Masoretes of Tiberias in the early Islamic period to record an oral tradition of reading. There is evidence that this reading tradition had its roots in the Second Temple period, although some features of it appear to have developed at later periods. 1 The Tiberian reading was regarded in the Middle Ages as the most prestigious and authoritative tradition. On account of the authoritative status of the reading, great efforts were made by the Tiberian Masoretes to fix the tradition in a standardized form. There remained, nevertheless, some degree of variation in reading and sign notation in the Tiberian Masoretic school. By the end of the Masoretic period in the 10 th century C.E.
  • A Basic Chart of the Hebrew Vowels (And a Few Marks)

    A Basic Chart of the Hebrew Vowels (And a Few Marks)

    A Basic Chart of the Hebrew Vowels (and a Few Marks) Name + Sample How it Sounds Mnemonics (& Some Notes) each A Dagesh looks like a פּ and ,כּ ,בּ .but a 1—( שֵׁגָדּ ) Dagesh dot in a He’ is a make a sound that dot. cannot be held—as ( קיִפַּמ ) Mapik opposed to the sounds .פ and ,כ ,ב of רּ 2. הּ (Heh with Mapik, which looks like Dagesh) sounds like the “h” in “hi.” 3. For all other letters, ignore. Example: ke’ivu-YAH = הָּיוּוִּאֿ ְכּ Meteg A mark that tells us A Meteg looks like the bottom of a stop sign that a syllable should ( גֶתֶֽמ ) be more stressed than being held by a stressed stop-sign-holder telling other syllables in the you to slow down for the ֽר word. stress(ed syllable). Example: -meku-TZE = תֶרֶֽצֻּקְֿמ ret Edited by Rabbi Jonah Rank for the Shaar Shalom Synagogue in Halifax, NS | 06.27.2018 1 A Basic Chart of the Hebrew Vowels (and a Few Marks) Name + Sample How it Sounds Mnemonics (& Some Notes) Sheva Nach No vowel sound. The Sheva Nach makes the sound that you might Just say the) ( וְ ֿשׁ אָ חָנ ) consonant as if no make when you are silent, and the Sheva Na‘ makes vowel were beneath the sound of you saying a (.it ְר really short “Eh” after someone asks you for Example: your opinion about .sif-RO something you disliked = וֹרְפִס Either way, the Sheva In this packet, we looks like the developing bubbles before the always put a line thought bubble rises, above a Sheva Na to helping you figure out make distinct-looking how to respond.
  • Accents, Punctuation Or Cantillation Marks?

    Accents, Punctuation Or Cantillation Marks?

    Accents, Punctuation or Cantillation Marks? A Study of the Linguistic Basis of the ṭəʿ Matthew Phillip Monger Masteroppgave i SEM4090 Semittisk Språkvitenskap 60 studiepoeng Program: Asiatiske og afrikanske studier Studieretning: Semittisk språkvitenskap med hebraisk Instituttet for kulturstudier og orientalske språk UNIVERSITETET I OSLO 1. juni 2012 II Accents, Punctuation or Cantillation Marks? A Study of the Linguistic Basis of the ṭəʿ Matthew Phillip Monger (Proverbs 1:7) יִרְאַ ַ֣תיְְ֭הוָ ה רֵ אשִ ַ֣ ית דָ ָּ֑עַ ת III © Matthew Phillip Monger 2012 Accents, Punctuation or Cantillation Marks? The Linguistic Basis of the ṭəʿ Matthew Phillip Monger http://www.duo.uio.no/ Trykk: Reprosentralen, Universitetet i Oslo IV Abstract This thesis discusses different strategies for interpreting the placement of the ṭəʿ in Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible. After introducing the signs and their distribution in the text, the thesis looks at different levels of linguistic analysis where the ṭəʿ provide interesting information. At the word level, word stress and vowel length are discussed. At the phrase level, the different types of phrases are analyzed in light of a closest constituent analysis. At the verse level, the distribution of the ṭəʿ is shown to depend on simple rules which maximize the most common structures of Tiberian Hebrew. Prosodic structure is also evaluated to show what bearing that it has on the placement of the ṭəʿ . Finally, the ṭəʿ are discussed in relation to discourse features. The goal of the thesis is to show that the ṭəʿ are not simply musical notation, but have a linguistic basis, and provide insight into linguistic features of Tiberian Hebrew.
  • Psftx-Debian-10.5/Hebrew-Fixed13.Psf Linux Console Font Codechart

    Psftx-Debian-10.5/Hebrew-Fixed13.Psf Linux Console Font Codechart

    psftx-debian-10.5/Hebrew-Fixed13.psf Linux console font codechart Glyphs 0x00 to 0x3F 0x00 0x01 0x02 0x03 0x04 0x05 0x06 0x07 0x08 0x09 0x0A 0x0B 0x0C 0x0D 0x0E 0x0F 0x10 0x11 0x12 0x13 0x14 0x15 0x16 0x17 0x18 0x19 0x1A 0x1B 0x1C 0x1D 0x1E 0x1F 0x20 0x21 0x22 0x23 0x24 0x25 0x26 0x27 0x28 0x29 0x2A 0x2B 0x2C 0x2D 0x2E 0x2F 0x30 0x31 0x32 0x33 0x34 0x35 0x36 0x37 0x38 0x39 0x3A 0x3B 0x3C 0x3D 0x3E 0x3F Page 1 Glyphs 0x40 to 0x7F 0x40 0x41 0x42 0x43 0x44 0x45 0x46 0x47 0x48 0x49 0x4A 0x4B 0x4C 0x4D 0x4E 0x4F 0x50 0x51 0x52 0x53 0x54 0x55 0x56 0x57 0x58 0x59 0x5A 0x5B 0x5C 0x5D 0x5E 0x5F 0x60 0x61 0x62 0x63 0x64 0x65 0x66 0x67 0x68 0x69 0x6A 0x6B 0x6C 0x6D 0x6E 0x6F 0x70 0x71 0x72 0x73 0x74 0x75 0x76 0x77 0x78 0x79 0x7A 0x7B 0x7C 0x7D 0x7E 0x7F Page 2 Glyphs 0x80 to 0xBF 0x80 0x81 0x82 0x83 0x84 0x85 0x86 0x87 0x88 0x89 0x8A 0x8B 0x8C 0x8D 0x8E 0x8F 0x90 0x91 0x92 0x93 0x94 0x95 0x96 0x97 0x98 0x99 0x9A 0x9B 0x9C 0x9D 0x9E 0x9F 0xA0 0xA1 0xA2 0xA3 0xA4 0xA5 0xA6 0xA7 0xA8 0xA9 0xAA 0xAB 0xAC 0xAD 0xAE 0xAF 0xB0 0xB1 0xB2 0xB3 0xB4 0xB5 0xB6 0xB7 0xB8 0xB9 0xBA 0xBB 0xBC 0xBD 0xBE 0xBF Page 3 Glyphs 0xC0 to 0xFF 0xC0 0xC1 0xC2 0xC3 0xC4 0xC5 0xC6 0xC7 0xC8 0xC9 0xCA 0xCB 0xCC 0xCD 0xCE 0xCF 0xD0 0xD1 0xD2 0xD3 0xD4 0xD5 0xD6 0xD7 0xD8 0xD9 0xDA 0xDB 0xDC 0xDD 0xDE 0xDF 0xE0 0xE1 0xE2 0xE3 0xE4 0xE5 0xE6 0xE7 0xE8 0xE9 0xEA 0xEB 0xEC 0xED 0xEE 0xEF 0xF0 0xF1 0xF2 0xF3 0xF4 0xF5 0xF6 0xF7 0xF8 0xF9 0xFA 0xFB 0xFC 0xFD 0xFE 0xFF Page 4 Font information 0x16 U+05B0 HEBREW POINT SHEVA Filename: psftx-debian-10.5/Hebrew-Fixed13.p 0x17 U+05B2 HEBREW
  • Tbsl Tyrxs SHACHARIT L’SHABBAT Shabbat Morning Connection I Kabbalah4all Transliteration Guidelines

    Tbsl Tyrxs SHACHARIT L’SHABBAT Shabbat Morning Connection I Kabbalah4all Transliteration Guidelines

    tbsl tyrxs SHACHARIT L’SHABBAT Shabbat Morning Connection i Kabbalah4All Transliteration Guidelines Please note that transliteration guidelines are different according to each culture and also within each movement of Judaism. We have developed these guidelines for use with our transliterated documents. They may or may not apply to transliterations put out by other movements including the various organizations teaching Kabbalah. a as in Creator ai as in aisle e as in red ei as in eight i as in pizza o as in no oy as in toy u as in tune ch as in Bach in German (strong sound from the throat) g as in give tz as in lots ’ typically adds an “EH” sound after a consonant, this is known as a Shva Na or pronounced Shva as in the word “Sh’ma”. - a dash is simply used to aid in pronounciation, usually if two like vowels follow each other, as in the word “da-at.” In Hebrew, the accent generally falls on the last syllable, however it sometimes falls somewhere else in the word. In our transliteration, when the syllable falls somewhere else other than the last syllable, that stressed syllable will be underlined. Example: Melech. Hebrew Rules The following are some of the Hebrew rules you may notice in our siddurim (connection books). In Hebrew, the accent generally falls on the last syllable, however it sometimes falls Kjl¤ n«¤ somewhere else in the word. Whenever a syllable other than the last is accented, a “meteg” (the vertical line under the first letter) will appear. The “masoret” above the letter Chaf indicates that this is a Kamatz Katan, which is lkǨ pronounced as “o”; in this example the word is “kol.” The “rafe” above a letter indicates it is a Shva Na.