The Current State of Masoretic Studies*
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The Greek Rendering of Hebrew Absolute Hapax Legomena in the Speeches of Eliphaz, Bildad and Elihu in LXX Job
HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies ISSN: (Online) 2072-8050, (Print) 0259-9422 Page 1 of 8 Original Research Verba Rara Amicorum Iob: The Greek rendering of Hebrew absolute hapax legomena in the speeches of Eliphaz, Bildad and Elihu in LXX job Author: In 2011, Elke Verbeke has examined the Greek rendering of Hebrew absolute and non-absolute 1,2 Bryan Beeckman hapax legomena in the Septuagint (LXX) version of Job. This examination has indicated that the Affiliations: LXX translator of Job dealt with hapaxes in a variety of ways, that is, omission, transliteration, 1Research Institute for consistent rendering, association with a similar-looking word, contextual exegesis, approximate Religions, Spiritualities, translation and paraphrasing. Although Verbeke’s study has shed more light on the translation Cultures, Societies (RSCS), technique of the LXX translator of Job, she has only examined the Hebrew hapaxes and their Faculty of Theology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la- Greek rendering in the speeches of Job and God. In order to come to a more accurate description Neuve, Belgium of the translation technique of LXX Job, this article has analysed the Greek rendering of Hebrew absolute hapax legomena in the speeches of Job’s friends. This examination has indicated that the 2Biblical Studies, Faculty of LXX translator of Job has applied a diversity of techniques to deal with Hebrew hapaxes. Theology and Religious Therefore, this article has obtained a more complete image of the translation technique of LXX Job. Studies, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Contribution: This article fits well within the scope ofHTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies Corresponding author: because it focusses on the translation technique of the LXX translator of Job and thus contributes to Bryan Beeckman, research regarding historical thought (textual transmission of biblical texts) and source interpretation bryan.beeckman@ (because the LXX translator does not only reflect a translational but also an interpretative process). -
Sample ISRAEL Tikkun Olam Activities Leslie Gubitz, NFTY-OV
Sample ISRAEL Tikkun Olam Activities Leslie Gubitz, NFTY-OV SAVP 2006-2007 Judaism is the only religion in which Tzedakah is not a once-in-a-while action, but instead is encouraged to be practiced every day. Jews are guided to give Tzedakah often, commit to Social Action regularly, as well as promote Tikkun Olam among other friends and families. Often it is difficult to involve youth group members in Social Action activities if the participants do not instantly see the effects of their actions. However, Maimonides’ Eight Levels of Tzedakah stresses that although Tzedakah may affect the recipient on many different levels, ALL Tzedakah is important. It is strongly encouraged that you teach this value to your youth group so that they can understand that not every Social Action activity provides visible advances, and yet all forms of Tikkun Olam are acceptable, appreciated, and necessary. EVERY LITTLE BIT COUNTS! TZEDAKAH: An Explanation of Maimonides Eight Levels of Tzedakah as well how Tzedakah and Charity can utilized through modern day Judaism. This program might be used in whole or in part and could aid in introducing Tikkun Olam and Social Action to any sized youth group. (Appendix A) Once your youth group has had an introduction to Tikkun Olam and Social Action, be sure to give them more opportunities to commit to helping others. BY organizing events, lock-ins, programs, or drives your youth group will be able to aid the community or world through outreach activities. A specific interest that you should relay to your youth group is the need for support for Israel. -
Tanakh Versus Old Testament
Tanakh versus Old Testament What is the Tanakh? The Tanakh (also known as the Hebrew Bible) was originally written in Hebrew with a few passages in Aramaic. The Tanakh is divided into three sections – Torah (Five Books of Moshe), Nevi’im (Prophets), and Ketuvim (Writings). The Torah is made up of five books that were given to Moshe directly from God after the Exodus from Mitzrayim. The Torah was handed down through the successive generations from the time of Moshe. The Torah includes the creation of the earth and the first humans, the Great Flood and the covenant with the gentiles, the Hebrew enslavement and Exodus of the Hebrews from Mitzrayim, giving of the Torah, renewal of Covenant given to Avraham, establishment of the festivals, wandering through the desert, the Mishkan, Ark, and Priestly duties, and the death of Moshe. The Nevi’im covers the time period from the death of Moshe through the Babylonian exile and contains 19 books. The Nevi’im includes the time of the Hebrews entering Eretz Yisrael, the conquest of Yericho, the conquest of Eretz Yisrael and its division among the tribes, the judicial system, Era of Shaul and David, Shlomo’s wisdom and the construction of the First Beit HaMikdash, kings of Yisrael and Yehuda, prophecy, messianic prophecies, and the Babylonian exile. The Ketuvim covers the period after the return from the Babylonian exile and contains 11 books. The Ketuvim is made up of various writings that do not have an overall theme. This section of the Tanakh includes poems and songs, the stories of Iyov, Rut, and Ester, the writings and prophecies of Dani’el, and the history of the kings of Yisrael and Yehuda. -
The Dead Sea Scrolls Seventy Years Later. Manuscripts, Traditions
13th International Biblical Congress Institute of Biblical Studies, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Poland 24-26 The Dead Sea Scrolls Seventy Years Later. October 2017 Manuscripts, Traditions, Interpretations, CTW 113 and Their Biblical Context TUESDAY, 24 OCTOBER 2017 Seminar on the Biblia Hebraica Quinta 10:00 Adrian Schenker, O.P., University of Fribourg, Switzerland Problems of a Critical Edition of the Hebrew Bible in Light of the Genesis in the Biblia Hebraica Quinta The content of the presentation: layout of the Bible text, the critical apparatus, the textual commentary, the Masorah with its apparatus, the introduction, in comparison with other critical editions of Genesis, e.g Biblia Hebraica Rudoph Kittel, 3d edition, Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia etc. 11:00 Emanuel Tov, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel The Biblia Hebraica Quinta Edition of Genesis (2016) For Prof. E. Tov’s intervention, the participants of the seminar are kindly requested to make themselves familiar with the general introduction to the BHQ (see the volume 18 of BHQ “Megilloth”) and the apparatus of chapter 49 of the Book of Genesis (BHQ, vol. 1). WEDNESDAY, 25 OCTOBER 2017 8:15 Sławomir Nowosad, Dean of the Faculty of Theology at the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin Welcome Address 13th International Biblical Congress 24-26 October 2017 8:20 Mirosław S. Wróbel, Director of the Institute of Biblical Studies at the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Poland Opening Address Session I: Qumran and the Hebrew Bible Chairperson: Loren Stuckenbruck, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany 8:30-9:10 Adrian Schenker, University of Fribourg, Switzerland Was There a Mastercopy of a Specific Biblical Text at the Time of the Biblical Qumran Scrolls? An Investigation Into the Text History Between the 3rd and 1st Centuries The biblical text attested in the Qumran scrolls is still in fluidity. -
Two Notes on the Exceptional Shalshelet
TWO NOTES ON THE EXCEPTIONAL SHALSHELET GILAD J. GEVARYAHU THE FOUR INSTANCES OF SHALSHELET IN THE TORAH The cantillation mark shalshelet appears only four times in the Torah. The root of this word is shin-lamed-shin, meaning three, and, in the Ashkenazic tradition as well as in many Sephardic traditions, the melody ascends and descends three times. It appears three times in the book of Genesis and one time in the book of Leviticus. In the Mesorah it is referred to as Mar’imin u’Mafsikin (Mesorah Gedolah, Lev. 8:23). Mar’imin means thunderous, and Mafsikin means pausing, terms that appear to describe the sound of its melody.1 In this article, we will see how all four shalshelot in the Torah consistently relate to the texts in which they are used. These are the four instances of the shalshelet in the Torah: 1. Genesis 19:16: Shalshelet appears in the story of Lot in Sodom, when the angels tell Lot that he must leave the city, for God is about to destroy it. The word with the shalshelet is the first word in the verse, Still he delayed [vayitmahameha]. So the men [angels] seized his hand . Although not directly mentioning the shalshelet, many commentators note here that Lot hesitated to leave and responded in an unusually slow manner. This approach is found for example in Pseudo-Jonathan, Rashi, Ibn-Ezra, and Radak on this verse. This is based in Genesis Rabbah 50:11, that Lot was concerned about losing all the property he had accumulated and was hesitant to leave Sodom. -
High Holy Day Cantillation Treitman RB-CANTR-523B
Rabbinical School RB-CANTR-523B: High Holy Day Torah Cantillation Cantor Louise Treitman 1 graduate credit Syllabus for Spring Semester 2019: High Holy Day Torah 9:30-10:40 Wednesdays Contact Information: 617-699-8864 (mobile) [email protected] (please put “CANTILLATION” in subject line) COURSE DESCRIPTION: This class builds on the skills learned in the Basic Cantillation course while acquiring the melodic skills needed to chant High Holy Day Torah using a common Ashkenazi trope. We will continue to explore the concepts of cantillation – chanting our sacred texts according to ancient tradition. There will be a review of the underlying syntactic structure of the system of cantillation. Then, we will delve deeper into the grammar with sentence diagramming and ongoing focus on correct contemporary pronunciation of biblical Hebrew This course is primarily for rabbinical students (preferably who have taken one of the pre-requisite courses or some solid understanding of cantillation). However, others are welcome (depending on size of the class), provided they have an adequate sense of musical pitch and the ability to read and translate biblical Hebrew and have the following pre-requisites. Suggested pre-requisite for this course: Basic Cantillation (Treitman), Cantillation I (Jacobson) or permission of the instructor. This course does not count for graduate credit for students in the Cantorial Ordination programs, although cantorial students are welcome to audit. REQUIREMENTS: Attendance: Students are expected to attend each session and to participate fully. Learning cantillation melodies (with the voice that you have been given): Students are expected to go over chanting and to prepare texts as required. -
OLUNTEERING at BINGO Is FUN! Help Us Find the Courage to Make Our Lives a Blessing
:We wish Refuah Sh’lema to בייה jmagnet Bela Davidson Howie Meyer Anice Stark Allan Fryman Joe Levitan Phillip Shadlesky Global Gathering of Holocaust Survivors, Descendants, Rose Rosenbaum Gerald Robinson Abe Swimmer Educators & Friends - Toronto marks the 75th anniversary Rosa Weisberg Ruth Leichner Morton Allen Cohen If you know Beth Radom members who would benefit from Clergy of liberation from the Holocaust at the end of the Second World 18 Reiner Road, Toronto, Ontario M3H 2K9 416-636-3451 War, and host Liberation75 at the Metro Toronto Convention outreach or should be part of our Refuah Sh’lema list, please contact [email protected]. We assure you of confidentiality. Parshat Vayeshev Centre - May 31 through June 2, 2020. To REGISTER or - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - December 21, 2019 23 Kislev 5780 LEARN MORE about Liberation75, its sponsors and With Reverence, We Honour The Yahrzeits Of: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - participating organizations VISIT www.liberation75.org Samuel Zelig Pelchovitz Lillian Pelchovitz Torah: Page 141 Ch 37, V 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Irvine Haber Late Father of Betsy Haber-Riesz Maftir: Page 144, Ch 37, V 34 Haftorah: Page 152 CHECK OUT BETH RADOM’S MUSEUM AND GALLERY and Marilyn Feldman - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Have you seen our new video display? It’s on our website! Johanna Appel-Prager Late Aunt of Carol Lithwick Today’s Congregational Kiddush will take place in the Does your family have things to add to this museum? We Morton Saxe Late Father of Edward Saxe and Belzberg Weisberg Social Hall on the lower level. appreciate donations of plaques, photos, paperwork, hand written Late Grandfather of Joshua Saxe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - letters, booklets, flyers, old landing papers – anything related to Sam Pasternack Late Brother of Patricia Weinstein the once thriving, Jewish, City of Radom. -
Doublet Catchwords in the Leningrad Codex
1 1 Doublet Catchwords in the Leningrad Codex David Marcus Jewish Theological Seminary ABSTRACT One of the most remarkable features of the Masoretic notes in the Leningrad Codex (L) which up till now have never been published, are the catchwords which are attached to many Masorah parva (Mp) doublet notes. Most Mp doublet notes are simply marked by the numeral bO “two,” which indicates that an identical word or phrase occurs somewhere else in the Hebrew Bible (HB). The reader is given no indication as to where that parallel doublet might occur. However, a special group of over 500 doublets have catchwords attached to the numeral indicating in what specific verse the parallel doublet occurs. In effect, the catchwords serve as memory aids explicitly reminding the reader where the second form of the parallel doublet is to be found. These catchwords are written in the margins of L but surprisingly were never included in previous editions of Biblia Hebraica (neither in BHK3 nor in BHS). They will be published in the new BHQ, the first fascicles of which are in print but, until the culmination of BHQ, the complete list of catchwords are offered here in print for the first time. The list contains 504 catchwords and their parallel references. It also includes all Masoretic notes at the parallel references, including those which have larger Masorah magna (Mm) notes. The Introduction analyzes these Mp catchwords, discusses their location in the various books, how they are used, their relationship with the Mm notes, and their possible practical usages for biblical studies. -
2014 Tikkun Olam Action Guide
Tikkun Olam תיקון עולם Action Guide Our bimah is modeled on the banyan tree, a tropical fig tree whose branches and leaves provide a broad cover; like a chupah, or like the roof of a sukkah. A solar- powered Ner Tamid (Eternal Light) hangs above the ark. Temple Emanuel Kensington, Maryland April, 2014 1 Dedicated to Rabbi Warren G. Stone To Honor his Twenty-Fifth Anniversary as our Rabbi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to express our sincere appreciation to all those, named and unnamed, who have participated in the Tikkun Olam efforts of Temple Emanuel of Maryland over many years. These include present and past members of the Green Shalom Team, the Green Team, the Community Social Action Council and the Global Mitzvah Team. Special acknowledgement to those who helped compile, edit, proofread, and reproduce the original Green Shalom Action Guide which was compiled in 2006 to celebrate Rabbi Stone’s Chai anniversary at Temple Emanuel: bj Altschul, Lee Epstein, Helene Grant, Eve Kornhauser, Diane Raphael, Ben Rosenthal, Dian Seidel, Al Grant, De Herman and Rabbi Warren Stone. Bill Neches, Al Grant, Dian Seidel - Green Team Ian DeWaal, Joe Berkowitz, David Fishback - Community Social Action Council Stan Fagen, Caroline DeWaal - Global Mitzvah Team This guide was printed by Ecoprint of Silver Spring, MD, an environmentally friendly, carbon neutral company. Printing used recycled materials and electricity generated by wind power. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements …………………………………………… Page 2 Table of Contents ……………………………………………… Page 3 Introduction ……………………………............................ Page 4 Dedication and Rabbi Stone’s Chronology ……………. Page 5 Temple Emanuel Chronology………………………………. Page 9 Environmental Inspirational Readings…………………… Page 12 Social Justice Inspirational Readings……………………. -
Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia – the Standard Edition of the Hebrew Bible Used by Pastors and Scholars
Chapter 36 Lecture Roadmap 36-1 BHS & BHQ & Reader’s Hebrew Bible Accents & Pausal Forms Masoretic Notes Text-Critical Notes How to Prepare a Passage HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/26/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA BHS & BHQ 36-2 BHS – Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia – The standard edition of the Hebrew Bible used by pastors and scholars. – Produced by the German Bible Society in Stuttgart BHQ – Biblia Hebraica Quinta (= ‘Fifth’) – Produced by the German Bible Society in Stuttgart – Set to supplant BHS when finished in 2020 HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/26/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA You and Your BHS 36-3 Small print and large print editions – Exact same contents and page numbers – Different size font and paper Cover your BHS with clear contact paper HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/26/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA What BHS Has 36-4 Consonants, vowels, and accents from the Leningrad Codex – The oldest complete Hebrew Bible – AD 1009 – An example of the Masoretic Text “MT” Masoretic notes and paragraph marks combined from many manuscripts Text-critical notes by modern scholars, written in abbreviated Latin HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/26/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA What BHQ Has 36-5 The same sorts of things as BHS: – Some corrections to the text to more closely follow the actual Leningrad Codex. – The Masora and paragraph marks are from the Leningrad Codex alone, not from a compilation. – Revised text-critical notes, in abbreviated English Includes commentaries in English on: – Textual witnesses – Text-critical problems – Masoretic notes HebrewSyntax.org ©JCBeckman 3/26/2012 Copy freely CC BY-NC-SA What A Reader’s Hebrew Bible (RHB) Has 36-6 Full text of BHS – Some corrections to the text to more closely follow the actual Leningrad Codex. -
AE Living Hebrew Bible 2.16.20
The Living, Material Bible: A Module on the History of the Hebrew Bible Jonathan Homrighausen1 This module aims to introduce students in an undergraduate Hebrew Bible survey course to the questions of scribal practices and material scripture.2 This assumes no knowledge of Hebrew. It was designed and taught for a two class sessions of a semester-long course that meets for 75 minutes each class. However, it can easily be adapted for other courses in biblical studies or Jewish studies, or expanded for upper-division or graduate courses. This module also draws inspiration from a forum in Teaching Theology & Religion on “teaching the materiality of scripture” and a module designed by Michael Freeman engaging similar questions regarding ancient Greek papyri.3 The goals of this module: • Relate biblical manuscripts to the complexities of the scribal transmission of the Hebrew Bible in different eras, its relation to textual criticism, and the concept that “the Bible” is not a static, unchanging, or perfectly transmitted entity, but constantly in flux; • Engage biblical manuscripts as windows into the materiality of scripture, or the entire life of a manuscript, often referred to as manuscript culture: their users’ religious and cultural lives, including the uses of manuscripts, the context of region and time period, the scribal practices used to create manuscripts, and the ritual uses of religious codices and scrolls; • Gain familiarity with the collections and archives of the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript library. Before beginning this module, students will already have read essays from The Jewish Study Bible (2nd ed.) which supply a broad background: • Emanuel Tov, “Textual Criticism” (pp. -
A Rare Torah in the Library of Congress Gary A
COURTESY OF THE HEBRAIC SECTION, AFRICAN AND MIDDLE EAST DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CONGRESS OF OF LIBRARY LIBRARY DIVISION, DIVISION, EAST EAST MIDDLE MIDDLE AND AND AFRICAN AFRICAN SECTION, SECTION, HEBRAIC HEBRAIC THE THE OF OF COURTESY COURTESY 46 NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2019 A Rare Torah in the Library of Congress Gary A. Rendsburg In January 2018, the Library of Congress announced that it had obtained a c. 1,000-year-old Torah scroll sheet. What makes this Torah scroll sheet so important? Where is it from? And how did it reach the halls of the de facto national library of the United States? Here is the story, though fi rst some background. As readers of BAR know, in ancient Israel and during the Greco- Roman period, biblical books were written on scrolls, made either from papyrus (in the earlier period) or from parchment (in the later period). Our most important testimony, of course, stems from the more than 200 biblical manuscripts found amongst the Dead Sea Scrolls at Qumran, dated from the third through fi rst centuries B.C.E. In the scroll format, the text was written on only one side of the available writing surface, what we may call the inside surface. With the rise of Christianity, the written text took a new form, the codex, the forerunner of the modern book. In this format, the text was written on both sides of the parchment sheet, and then the sheets were piled one on top of the other and sewn together—again, consider the modern book. The most famous exemplar is probably Codex Sinaiticus,* a complete (or nearly so) manuscript of the Greek Bible (including both * See “Who Owns the Codex Sinaiticus?” BAR, November/December 2007.