DOCSLIB.ORG

Treaty Series Recueil Des Traites

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Treaty Series Recueil Des Traites Treaty Series Treaties and internationalagreements registered or filed and recorded with the Secretariatof the United Nations VOLUME 2163 Recueil des Traites Traitis et accords internationaux enregistris ou classjs et inscrits au ripertoire au Secrtariatde l'Organisationdes Nations Unies United Nations * Nations Unies New York, 2003 Copyright © United Nations 2003 All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America Copyright © Nations Unies 2003 tous droits rdservds Imprimd aux tats-Unis d'Am6rique Volume 2163, Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS I Treaties and internationalagreements registeredin October 2001 Nos. 37787 to 37789 No. 37787. Finland and Canada: Agreement between the Government of Finland and the Government of Canada for air services between and beyond their respective territories (with annex). H elsinki, 28 M ay 1990 ................................................................................. 3 No. 37788. Nicaragua: Declaration recognizing as compulsory the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice, under Article 36, paragraph 2, of the Statute of the Court [Declarations made under Article 36 of the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice and which are still in force shall be deemed, as between the parties to the present Statute, to be acceptances of the compulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice for the period which they still have to run and in accordance with their terms]. Geneva, 24 S ep tem b er 19 2 9 ............................................................................................ 7 3 No. 37789. Multilateral: International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of M ercenaries. New York, 4 December 1989 ............................................. 75 ANNEX A Ratifications, accessions, subsequent agreements, etc., concerning treatiesand internationalagreements registeredin October 2001 with the Secretariatof the United Nations 4. Multilateral: Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations. New York, 13 February 1946 A ccession: T ajikistan .................................................................................... 130 Volume 2163, Table of Contents 587. Multilateral: Convention (No. 4) concerning the employment of women during the night, as modified by the Final Articles Revision Convention, 1946. Washington, 28 November 1919 D enunciation : A ustria ................................................................................... 13 1 D en unciation : Italy ....................................................................................... 13 1 593. Multilateral: Convention (No. 10) concerning the age for admission of children to employment in agriculture, as modified by the Final Articles Revision Convention, 1946. Geneva, 16 November 1921 D enunciation : Panam a .................................................................................. 132 609. Multilateral: Convention (No. 26) concerning the creation of minimum wage-fixing machinery, as modified by the Final Articles Revision Convention, 1946. Geneva, 16 June 1928 R atifi cation : A lban ia ..................................................................................... 133 612. Multilateral: Convention (No. 29) concerning forced or compulsory labour, as modified by the Final Articles Revision Convention, 1946. Geneva, 28 June 1930 R atification: Equatorial G uinea .................................................................... 134 792. Multilateral: Convention (No. 81) concerning labour inspection in industry and commerce. Geneva, 11 July 1947 R atification: K azakhstan ............................................................................... 135 881. Multilateral: Convention (No. 87) concerning freedom of association and protection of the right to organise. San Francisco, 9 July 1948 R atification: Equatorial G uinea .................................................................... 136 1021. Multilateral: Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. New York, 9 December 1948 Volume 2163, Table of Contents R atifi cation : Paraguay ................................................................................... 137 1070. Multilateral: Convention (No. 89) concerning night work of women employed in industry (revised 1948). San Francisco, 9 July 1948 D enunciation : A ustria ................................................................................... 138 D enunciation: C zech R epublic ..................................................................... 138 D enunciation : C yprus ................................................................................... 138 1341. Multilateral: Convention (No. 98) concerning the application of the principles of the right to organise and to bargain collectively, as modified by the Final Articles Revision Convention, 1961. Geneva, 1 July 1949 R atification: Equatorial G uinea .................................................................... 139 1342. Multilateral: Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others. Lake Success, New York, 21 March 1950 A ccession : T ajik istan .................................................................................... 140 1871. Multilateral: Convention (No. 95) concerning the protection of wages. Geneva, 1 July 1949 R atifi cation : A lb an ia ..................................................................................... 14 1 2997. Multilateral: Statute of The Hague Conference on Private International Law (revised text). The Hague, 9 and 31 October 1951 A cceptance : S ri L anka .................................................................................. 14 2 3511. Multilateral: Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict. The Hague, 14 May 1954 R atifi cation : El Salvador ............................................................................... 143 4173. Multilateral: Convention relating to civil procedure. The Hague, 1 March 1954 Volume 2163, Table of Contents Notification of continuity: Yugoslavia ......................................................... 144 4214. Multilateral: Convention on the International Maritime Organization. Geneva, 6 March 1948 Acceptance: Saint Kitts and Nevis ............................... 145 4414. Canada and France: Agreement between Canada and France on the admission of trainees. Ottawa, 4 October 1956 Amendment No. 2 to the Agreement of October 4, 1956 between the Government of the French Republic and the Government of Canada on the admission of trainees to France and to Canada. Paris, 6 February 2 00 1 .......................................................................................................14 6 4648. Multilateral: Convention (No. 105) concerning the abolition of forced labour. Geneva, 25 June 1957 Ratification: Equatorial G uinea .................................................................... 149 4739. Multilateral: Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards. New York, 10 June 1958 A ccession: Iran (Islam ic Republic of) .......................................................... 150 4789. Multilateral: Agreement concerning the Adoption of Uniform Technical Prescriptions for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be fitted and/or be used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of These Prescriptions. Geneva, 20 March 1958 Regulation No. 5. Uniform provisions for the approval of motor vehicle "sealed beam" headlamps (SB) emitting an asymmetrical passing beam or a driving beam or both. 30 September 1967 A pplication of regulation: Poland .......................................................... 151 Regulation No. 18. Uniform provisions concerning the approval of motor vehicles with regard to their protection against unauthorized use. I March 1971 A pplication of regulation: Poland .......................................................... 152 Volume 2163, Table of Contents Regulation No. 21. Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to their interior fittings. 1 December 1971 A pplication of regulation: Poland .......................................................... 153 Regulation No. 25. Uniform provisions concerning the approval of head restraints (headrests), whether or not incorporated in vehicle seats. 1 March 1972 A pplication of regulation: Poland .......................................................... 154 Regulation No. 26. Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to their external projections. 1 July 1972 A pplication of regulation: Poland .......................................................... 155 Regulation No. 3 1. Uniform provisions concerning the approval of halogen sealed-beam unit (HSB unit) motor vehicle headlamps emitting an asymmetrical passing beam or a driving beam or both. 1 May 1975 A pplication of regulation: Poland .......................................................... 156 Regulation No. 33. Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the behaviour of the structure of the impacfed vehicle in a head-on collision. 1 July 1975 A pplication of regulation: Poland .......................................................... 157 Regulation No. 32. Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the behaviour of the structure of the impacted vehicle in a rear-end collision. 1
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Marathon 2,500 Years Edited by Christopher Carey & Michael Edwards
    MARATHON 2,500 YEARS EDITED BY CHRISTOPHER CAREY & MICHAEL EDWARDS INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON MARATHON – 2,500 YEARS BULLETIN OF THE INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES SUPPLEMENT 124 DIRECTOR & GENERAL EDITOR: JOHN NORTH DIRECTOR OF PUBLICATIONS: RICHARD SIMPSON MARATHON – 2,500 YEARS PROCEEDINGS OF THE MARATHON CONFERENCE 2010 EDITED BY CHRISTOPHER CAREY & MICHAEL EDWARDS INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON 2013 The cover image shows Persian warriors at Ishtar Gate, from before the fourth century BC. Pergamon Museum/Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin. Photo Mohammed Shamma (2003). Used under CC‐BY terms. All rights reserved. This PDF edition published in 2019 First published in print in 2013 This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0) license. More information regarding CC licenses is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Available to download free at http://www.humanities-digital-library.org ISBN: 978-1-905670-81-9 (2019 PDF edition) DOI: 10.14296/1019.9781905670819 ISBN: 978-1-905670-52-9 (2013 paperback edition) ©2013 Institute of Classical Studies, University of London The right of contributors to be identified as the authors of the work published here has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Designed and typeset at the Institute of Classical Studies TABLE OF CONTENTS Introductory note 1 P. J. Rhodes The battle of Marathon and modern scholarship 3 Christopher Pelling Herodotus’ Marathon 23 Peter Krentz Marathon and the development of the exclusive hoplite phalanx 35 Andrej Petrovic The battle of Marathon in pre-Herodotean sources: on Marathon verse-inscriptions (IG I3 503/504; Seg Lvi 430) 45 V.
    [Show full text]
  • Mercenaries, Poleis, and Empires in the Fourth Century Bce
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of the Liberal Arts ALL THE KING’S GREEKS: MERCENARIES, POLEIS, AND EMPIRES IN THE FOURTH CENTURY BCE A Dissertation in History and Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies by Jeffrey Rop © 2013 Jeffrey Rop Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2013 ii The dissertation of Jeffrey Rop was reviewed and approved* by the following: Mark Munn Professor of Ancient Greek History and Greek Archaeology, Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee Gary N. Knoppers Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies, Religious Studies, and Jewish Studies Garrett G. Fagan Professor of Ancient History and Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies Kenneth Hirth Professor of Anthropology Carol Reardon George Winfree Professor of American History David Atwill Associate Professor of History and Asian Studies Graduate Program Director for the Department of History *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT This dissertation examines Greek mercenary service in the Near East from 401- 330 BCE. Traditionally, the employment of Greek soldiers by the Persian Achaemenid Empire and the Kingdom of Egypt during this period has been understood to indicate the military weakness of these polities and the superiority of Greek hoplites over their Near Eastern counterparts. I demonstrate that the purported superiority of Greek heavy infantry has been exaggerated by Greco-Roman authors. Furthermore, close examination of Greek mercenary service reveals that the recruitment of Greek soldiers was not the purpose of Achaemenid foreign policy in Greece and the Aegean, but was instead an indication of the political subordination of prominent Greek citizens and poleis, conducted through the social institution of xenia, to Persian satraps and kings.
    [Show full text]
  • JOURNAL of ALEXANDER the GREAT RESOURCES Childhood
    JOURNAL OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT RESOURCES Childhood and Education http://www.livius.org/sources/content/plutarch/plutarchs-alexander/alexander-and-aristotle/ https://www.awesomestories.com/asset/view/LEARNING-FROM-ARISTOTLE-Alexander-the-Great http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/world-history/aristotle-and-alexander-the-man-who- codified-greek-ideas-about-nature-and-the-man-who-spread-them-1608033.html http://www.biography.com/people/alexander-the-great-9180468#early-life Relationship with Bucephalus http://www.livius.org/sources/content/plutarch/plutarchs-alexander/alexander-and-bucephalus/ http://www.theequinest.com/bucephalus/ http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/alexander/g/Bucephalus.htm http://www.ancient.eu/Bucephalus/ Role in his father’s army http://warfarehistorynetwork.com/daily/military-history/macedonias-elite-companion-cavalry-under- alexander-the-great/ http://www.livius.org/sources/content/diodorus/the-battle-of-chaeronea/ Battle of Thebes http://www.livius.org/sources/content/diodorus/the-sack-of-thebes/ https://thesecondachilles.com/2014/06/27/the-fall-of-thebes/ http://thegreatcommanders.com/destruction_thebes.html Battle of Granicus River http://www.ancient.eu/Battle_of_the_Granicus/ http://www.livius.org/sources/content/plutarch/plutarchs-alexander/battle-on-the-granicus/ http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~rauhn/Hist303/Battle%20of%20the%20Granicus%20River%20334%20BC.ht m Battle of Issus http://alexandermosaik.de/en/battle_of_issus.html http://www.livius.org/sources/content/diodorus/the-battle-of-issus/ http://greatmilitarybattles.com/Battle%20of%20Issus.htm
    [Show full text]
  • The Idea of Hellenism: What the Greeks Created
    1 The Scheme of Things Entire Historical speculation is fun; dates and facts are often thought of as PART I tedious. But in their absence there is no structure, no framework in which to fit one’s experience of things past. In the case of Classical antiquity, the very simplistic outline set out below may help. It begins with the independent Hellenic cities of the Aegean and the Greek mainland in the 8th century BC, and charts the spread of Hellenism The Idea of Hellenism: through their founding of colonies. It continues with Alexander’s conquests and the dominions of his successors, which are followed by the generally benign attitude of the Romans towards Hellenic culture. What the Greeks Created We then move through the slow disintegration of the Roman Empire, to conclude with the transformation of Classicism into Byzantine Christianity in the 4th century AD. The Archaic Age: Ionian cities and colonies, c. 750–547 BC This is the era when numerous small, free, independent Hellenic cities – most conspicuously Miletus – prospered, founding colonies (settle- ments related to the mother city) on the coasts of the Black Sea, the Sea of Marmara, Asia Minor, North Africa and southern Italy. Latterly the chief mainland power in western Asia Minor was Lydia. c. 750–675 Homer creates the Iliad and the Odyssey. Hesiod writes. c. 625–547 Miletus flourishes. Thales and others begin the first enquiry into the physical nature of the universe. 560–547 Croesus is king of Lydia. 547 Cyrus the Great, king of the Persians, takes Lydia and numerous Ionian cities.
    [Show full text]
  • Alexander the Great Alexander the Great
    2 Alexander LEVELED BOOK • Z the Great A Reading A–Z Level Z2 Leveled Book Word Count: 2,266 Alexander Connections the Great Writing Research two kings who ruled Macedonia before Alexander. Write an essay comparing Alexander the Great to these kings. Social Studies Research more information about the customs of ancient Macedonia and Persia. Write an essay comparing the two cultures. Written by Jan C. Kraus Visit www.readinga-z.com for thousands of books and materials. www.readinga-z.com Words to Know Alexander ambitious flanked assassinated fleet botanists infantry the Great cavalry philosopher city-states regent ethics surveyors Front cover: Alexander the Great accepts the surrender of an enemy in India. Title page: A statue of Alexander the Great Page 3: Artwork shows Alexander training his horse named Bucephalus. Photo Credits: Front cover, page 19 (top right): © Granger, NYC; title page: © Mohamed Osama/123RF; page 3: © Universal Images Group/Universal Images Group/SuperStock; page 5: © Classic Image/Alamy Stock Photo; page 6: © robertharding/robertharding/SuperStock; page 7: © PanosKarapanagiotis/ iStock/Thinkstock; pages 12, 16, 19 (bottom left): © akg-images/Peter Connolly/ The Image Works; pages 13, 19 (bottom right): Alexander the Great at the Battle of Issus, Greek/Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Taranto, Puglia, Italy/© Mondadori Electa/Bridgeman Images; page 18: © 2317900 Ontario Ltd. Spirer/123RF; page 19 (top left): Rare Ancient Greek Coin, Gold Stater, Macedonia, Alexander the Great 336 BC/Hoberman/UIG/Bridgeman Images; page 19 (center left): The Taming of Bucephalus, McConnell, James Edwin/ Private Collection/© Look and Learn/Bridgeman Images Written by Jan C. Kraus www.readinga-z.com Alexander the Great World Leaders Focus Question Level Z2 Leveled Book Correlation © Learning A–Z LEVEL Z2 Written by Jan C.
    [Show full text]
  • CLASSICAL STUDIES Tadhg Machugh Classical Studies HIGHER LEVEL 2020/21
    CLASSICAL STUDIES Tadhg MacHugh Classical Studies HIGHER LEVEL 2020/21 ALEXANDER THE GREAT-GREAT BATTLES CONTENTS FORMAT NOTE 1 PAST QUESTIONS BREAKDOWN 2 BATTLE OF GRANICUS 3-10 BATTLE OF ISSUS 11-19 BATTLE OF GAUGAMELA 20-26 BATTEL OF HYDASPES 27-32 LETTERS FORM DARIUS TO ALEXANDER 33-34 NAME. SUBJECT. CYCLE. YEAR. Format: - The booklet has been broken into sub-categories based on past questions. - Each category will be presented with a breakdown of past questions. - It is important to utilize apps such as pocket papers or https://www.examinations.ie/exammaterialarchive/?i=115.120.111.100.99 Sub-Categories: - Battles - Key Events - Sieges - NB: Character: we will be building evidence of Alexanders character from these other sub-categories. - Character is based on three concepts; what a character does, says, and what others say about them. - 1 NAME. SUBJECT. CYCLE. YEAR. ALEXANDER THE GREAT BATTLES 1996: Hydaspes 1997: N/A 1998: Gaugamela 1999: N/A 2000: Granicus 2001: N/A 2002: Issus 2003: N/A 2004: N/A 2005: Gaugamela 2006: Issus 2007: Hydaspes 2008: Issus 2009: Granicus 2010: Gaugamela 2011: Hydaspes 2012: N/A 2013: Issus 2014: Granicus 2015: Gaugamela 2016: N/A 2017: Hydaspese 2018: Issus 2019: Granicus Advisable to know Gaugamela and Hydaspes equally well 2 NAME. SUBJECT. CYCLE. YEAR. Battle of Granicus 334 BC PAST QUESTIONS: 2000: The Persian leaders including Memnon of Rhodes, met to decide how to deal with Alexander shortly after his arrival in Asia Minor. (a) What options did they discuss, and why did they decide to meet Alexander in battle at the river Granicus? (20) (b) Give a brief outline of the course of this battle (30) 2009: At the Granicus River Alexander won his first victory over a Persian army.
    [Show full text]
  • Alexander Great G8 S a Part2key
    Name Alexander the Great * 1 The city-state of Sparta finally defeated democratic Athens during the Peloponnesian War in 404 BCE. This conflict had raged for nearly thirty years during Greece’s cultural height. Sparta and its allies were the victors, but the peace did not last long. 2 In 371 BCE, the powerful city-state of Thebes attacked its ally, Sparta, and crushed its army. The social and military order that had been firmly in place crumbled like a stone wall. Greek city- states weakened and became shells of their former selves. Resting on Greece’s northern border was the kingdom of Macedon ruled by Philip II. He watched the new chaos with glee and gathered his mighty warriors. Then, he plunged south and attacked one army after another, crushing every city-state in his way. At the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BCE, he finally smashed the Athenians and captured all of Greece. 3 Philip then turned his greedy gaze upon the Persian Empire to the east. Although, before he could launch an attack, he was assassinated in 336 BCE. The new kingdom now fell into the hands of his young son Alexander. Born on July 26, 356 BCE, this young warrior had already earned a reputation as a valiant leader during his father’s conquest of Greece. He had led a cavalry unit that smashed Thebes’s mighty army. Alexander had no plans of ditching his father’s dream of conquering the massive Persian Empire. He longed to expand his kingdom and become the mightiest general the world had ever known.
    [Show full text]
  • King and Court in Ancient Persia 559 to 331 Bce
    DEBATES AND DOCUMENTS IN ANCIENT HISTORY DEBATES AND DOCUMENTS IN ANCIENT HISTORY Ancient Persia 559 to 331 Ancient Persia Series Editors: Emma Stafford and Shaun Tougher King and Court in ‘This is a very important contribution not only to Achaemenid studies but also to the wider King and Court in literature on royal courts in general. It is very well written and ably supported by source material which will render it invaluable for students and scholars alike.’ St John Simpson, Curator, The British Museum Ancient Persia An exploration of monarchy and elite society at the political and cultural hub of the vast Persian Empire 559 to 331 BCE The Persians established the biggest land empire the world had seen, and seated at the heart of its vast dominions, in the south of modern-day Iran, was the person of the Achaemenid Great King, immortalised in Greek literature as a despotic tyrant. However, a new vision of Persian kingship is now emerging from Iranian and other Near Eastern sources – literary, visual, and archaeological – which shows the monarchs BCE in a very different light. Inscriptions of Cyrus, Darius, Xerxes, and their heirs, present a propagandistic image of Persian rulers as liberators, peace-makers, valiant warriors, righteous god-fearing judges, and law-makers. Around about them, the kings established a lavish and sophisticated court, the centre of political decision-making and the hub of cultural achievements in which the image of monarchy was endorsed and advanced by an almost theatrical display of grandeur and power. Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones explores the representation of Persian monarchy and the court of the LLEWELLYN-JONES LLOYD Achaemenid Great Kings from the point of view of the ancient Iranians themselves (as well as other Near Eastern peoples) and through the sometimes distorted prism of Classical and Biblical sources.
    [Show full text]
  • 2011 Memnon, the Strategist.Pdf
    УДК 355.48-057.36 Memnon, the Strategist Stefan PANOVSKI Independent Researcher Vojislav SARAKINSKI Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Philosophy Skopje, Macedonia The general impression on Memnon of Rhodes that is transmitted by our sources – and is more or less unanimously accepted in modern histo- riography – is that he may have been the only military commander able to bring the relentless Alexander III to a halt and disrupt his plans. This opini- on seems to be based on Memnon’s few successes, which could purportedly imperil the Asian expedition of Alexander: namely, Memnon’s achievements against Parmenio; his sensible proposal to avoid direct altercation with the Macedonians; the gallant defence of Halicarnassus; and particularly, his dan- gerous naval campaign in the Aegean Sea in 333 BC. In this paper, we will consider whether Memnon’s actions, as well as their results, truly validate the impression and reputation he has acquired both in antiquity and today. 1. Against Parmenio, 336/5 BC As a vanguard of his intended conquest, Philip II sent Parmenio to Asia at the head of an expeditionary corps, tasked with establishing a brid- gehead for the bulk of the military.1 We are well aware of the general course of events; however, the detailed order of events cannot be ascertained be- yond doubt.2 From what we know, Parmenio managed to achieve signifi- 1 Diod. 16.91.2., 17.2.4; Just. 9.5.8. 2 The main source for this campaign is Diod. 17.7.3-10. Short overviews in HEC- KEL, 2005: 12-3; BOSWORTH, 1988: 34-5; GREEN, 1974: 140-1; NAWOT- KA, 2010: 72-3; BRIANT, 2002: 817-8.
    [Show full text]
  • 1/Alexander: a Universal Monarchy
    ALEXANDER: A UNIVERSAL MONARCHY 1/ALEXANDER: A UNIVERSAL MONARCHY ■ The young king: his education ■ Campaigns in the Balkans ■ Thebes revolts and is destroyed ■ Preparation for war against the Achaemenid Empire Alexander, the third of that name in the Macedonian dynasty of the Argeads, was hardly 20 years old when, in the summer of 336, the murder of his father Philip was the unexpected cause of his accession to supreme power. In recent times the father–son relationship had grown tense, Philip having abandoned his queen Olympias, mother of Alexander, for the sake of a new marriage with a young Macedonian woman, Cleopatra, who gave him a daughter. But soon after the king’s death, the resolute character of the young prince, benefiting from the advice and support of Antipater, one of his father’s foremost friends, secured his unchallenged succession. Introduced by Antipater to the assembly of the Mac- edonian people, he was soon acclaimed and acknowledged as king. At the same time, a series of state-ordered murders brought about the disappearance of (ac- tual or suspected) claimants and adversaries: a first cousin of Alexander’s, whom Philip had ousted from power in order to take his place; the child born to Philip by Cleopatra; Cleopatra herself; her uncle Attalus. Such merciless rivalries, such settlements of accounts by bloodshed, were to be a permanent feature during the entire history of Hellenistic monarchies. The Greeks soon invested the new sovereign of Macedon with the same authority as that granted to Philip after his victory over the city-states in 338.
    [Show full text]
  • Alexander's Silver Coins
    Alexander’s silver coins: a millennial tale of influence While Alexander’s image, motivations, and character have been the subject of numerous debates, ranging from his glorification as a patron of intercultural exchange to his dismissal as a bloodthirsty conqueror, his conquest has had an undeniably profound impact on the Ancient world. The effect of his conquest on the Hellenistic and Roman world has been long discussed but the impact that his coins had on the succeeding civilizations in the Middle East has not received as much attention. Despite the fact that the influences of Alexander’s coins on Hellenistic, Roman, Parthian, and Western coinage, in general, have been well established, in recent years numismatists have started turning their eyes to the East. Recently, works centered on the Kushans1, Indo- Parthians2, Sassanians3, and Iranian Huns4 have offered new insights into the influences and connections between the civilizations that were founded in the easternmost reaches of the former Macedonian Empire. These new catalogs of coins have offered new perspectives on both the geographical and chronological scope of Hellenistic influence in these regions that are often considered peripheral to the leading civilizations of Antiquity – Parthian and Sassanian Iran, Han and Tang China, Maurya and Gupta India, and the Roman Empire. It is a paradox that the lands Alexander conquered last chronologically held onto his legacy in the field of numismatics the longest. This new evidence requires an updated analysis of the silver coins of Alexander – their 1 Razieh Taasob “Early Kushan Coinage in the Context of Exchanges and Contacts across the Indo-Iranian Borderlands” (Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • The Iconography of the Gold and Silver Coinage of Philip II of Macedon and Alexander the Great
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 5-2019 The Iconography of the Gold and Silver Coinage of Philip II of Macedon and Alexander the Great Nisha N. Ramracha The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/3197 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] THE ICONOGRAPHY OF THE GOLD AND SILVER COINAGE OF PHILIP II OF MACEDON AND ALEXANDER THE GREAT by NISHA NALINI RAMRACHA A master’s thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Liberal Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, The City University of New York 2019 © 2019 NISHA NALINI RAMRACHA All Rights Reserved ii The Iconography of the Gold and Silver Coinage of Philip II of Macedon and Alexander the Great by Nisha Nalini Ramracha This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Liberal Studies in satisfaction of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts. Date Elizabeth Macaulay-Lewis Thesis Advisor Date Elizabeth Macaulay-Lewis Executive Officer THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii Abstract The Iconography of the Gold and Silver Coinage of Philip II of Macedon and Alexander the Great by Nisha Nalini Ramracha Advisor: Elizabeth Macaulay-Lewis The history of Philip II of Macedon and Alexander the Great has been tremendously studied through ancient sources and archaeology.
    [Show full text]