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Tunguso Sibirica TUNGUSO SIBIRICA Herausgegeben von Michael Weiers Band 41 2017 Harrassowitz Verlag · Wiesbaden Bayarma Khabtagaeva The Ewenki dialects of Buryatia and their relationship to Khamnigan Mongol 2017 Harrassowitz Verlag · Wiesbaden Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de For further information about our publishing program consult our website http://www.harrassowitz-verlag.de © Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden 2017 This work, including all of its parts, is protected by copyright. Any use beyond the limits of copyright law without the permission of the publisher is forbidden and subject to penalty. This applies particularly to reproductions, translations, microfilms and storage and processing in electronic systems. Printed on permanent/durable paper. Printing and binding: KN Digital Printforce GmbH, Stuttgart Printed in Germany ISSN 0946-0349 ISBN 978-3-447-10914-7 Dedicated to the memory of Ágnes Paulik Contents Preface ............................................................................................................................ 11 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 13 The topic of the research ........................................................................................... 13 The sources of data ................................................................................................... 14 Notes on the transcription .................................................................................... 16 The Tungusic languages ............................................................................................ 17 The Ewenki people and their language ..................................................................... 18 Geographic location ............................................................................................. 18 Siberian Ewenki dialects ...................................................................................... 19 Studies of the Ewenki language ........................................................................... 21 Common Ewenki phonetic features ..................................................................... 23 The Ewenki people of Buryatia ................................................................................ 26 Language status .................................................................................................... 28 North-Baikal and Baunt Ewenki people .......................................................... 29 Barguzin Ewenki people .................................................................................. 30 Nercha Ewenki people ..................................................................................... 34 Ewenki dialects in Buryatia ...................................................................................... 35 Research on Ewenki dialects in Buryatia ............................................................. 35 North-Baikal and Baunt Ewenki study ............................................................ 36 Studies of Barguzin Ewenki ............................................................................ 36 Studies of Nercha Ewenki ............................................................................... 36 The common phonetic and semantic features of Ewenki dialects of Buryatia .... 37 Phonetic and semantic peculiarities of North-Baikal Ewenki ......................... 39 Phonetic and semantic peculiarities of Baunt Ewenki .................................... 41 Phonetic and semantic peculiarities of Barguzin Ewenki ............................... 41 Phonetic and semantic peculiarities of Nercha Ewenki .................................. 44 Studies on Mongolic-Ewenki linguistic relations ..................................................... 45 Research on Mongolic elements in Ewenki ......................................................... 45 Studies on Ewenki loanwords from other languages ........................................... 47 The Mongolic sources of borrowings ....................................................................... 47 Khamnigan Mongol .............................................................................................. 48 The main phonetic features of Common Khamnigan Mongol ........................ 49 Archaic features .......................................................................................... 49 Shared features of Common Khamnigan Mongol and Dagur .................... 52 Shared features of Common Khamnigan Mongol and Buryat ................... 53 Shared features of Common Khamnigan Mongol and Khalkha-Oyrat ...... 54 Shared features of Common Khamnigan Mongol and Oyrat ..................... 54 Phonetic peculiarities of Onon Khamnigan Mongol .................................. 54 The list of Mongolic elements in Ewenki dialects of Buryatia ...................................... 57 Criteria ........................................................................................................................... 143 Phonetic criteria ........................................................................................................ 143 Vowels .................................................................................................................. 143 Short vowels ......................................................................................................... 143 The “breaking” of initial e ............................................................................... 143 The preservation of initial i ............................................................................. 144 The regressive assimilation of i ....................................................................... 144 8 Contents či ................................................................................................................. 145 ǰi .................................................................................................................. 146 si .................................................................................................................. 147 ki ................................................................................................................. 149 Word medial vowel i with other consonants .............................................. 149 The change of ö > u ......................................................................................... 150 The preservation of vowels in the second syllable .......................................... 151 The preservation of u in the non-initial syllable .............................................. 151 The change of u > o in the first syllable .......................................................... 152 Secondary long vowels ......................................................................................... 153 The preservation of the VGV pattern ............................................................... 153 The change VgV > VwV .................................................................................. 154 The development of secondary long vowel ..................................................... 155 The shortening of Mongolic long vowels ........................................................ 156 Vowel labialization .......................................................................................... 156 Secondary long vowels in place of original short vowels ............................... 157 Diphthongs ........................................................................................................... 160 Consonants ........................................................................................................... 162 Middle Mongol h- ............................................................................................ 162 Middle Mongol VqV and VkV .......................................................................... 163 The preservation ......................................................................................... 163 Voicing ....................................................................................................... 164 Labial consonants ................................................................................................. 165 b ....................................................................................................................... 165 m ...................................................................................................................... 167 Dental and alveolar consonants ............................................................................ 167 t ........................................................................................................................ 167 d ....................................................................................................................... 168 č ....................................................................................................................... 169 ǰ .......................................................................................................................
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