NAPOLI UNESCO CITY of LITERATURE Submission by the City of Napoli, Italy

Home , City of Literature, Domenico Starnone, Ermanno Rea, Italian literature, Michele Prisco, Viareggio Prize

NAPOLI UNESCO CITY OF LITERATURE Submission by the City of Napoli, Italy

Management Group Claudio Calveri (point person) Fabio Borghese Committee Founders, Coordinators & Project Manager s Napoli UNESCO City of Literature

Ex asilo Filangieri Vico Maffei 4, Napoli, Italy e-mail: [email protected]

Steering Committee Francesco Caruso Ambassador, General Director of Napoli Forum of Cultures 2013 Mauro Giancaspro Director of Napoli National Library Edgar Colonnese President of Confindustria Campania sezione editoria e spettacolo (National association of pub - lishing industry owners and entrepreneurs – Campania section ) Paolo Pisanti President of ALI (National Association of Italian Booksellers) Campania Mario Guida President of AIE - Associazione Italiana Editori (the trade association for Italian publishers - and for foreign publishers operating in Italy - of books, magazines and digital products) Campa - nia section Silvio Perrella President of Fondazione Premio Napoli Ottavio Lucarelli Pre sident of Campania Journalist Association Maurizio De Giovanni Writer Augusto Lacala President of O.N.U. Network (National Organization of trading used goods stakeholders )

Submitted to UNESCO by the City of Napoli , December 2010. Application Concept, Format, Text and Graphics: Claudio Calveri Translation: Enrica Picarelli Napoli City of Literature - Contents

CONTENTS

Executive Summary : A Creative Vision ...... 8 Creative Directions Creativity Oriented City Cultural Commons Vision Literary Highlights

CREATIVE ECOSYSTEM 1. City Layout ...... 15 History Highlights ‘Greater Napoli’: Territorial (and Cultural) Hub Intermodality: City-Regional Dimension Culture-crossing Metropolis Creativity-based Urban Planning Creative Endorsement: Straight to ‘Forum delle Culture 2013’ and Beyond

2. Creative Strategies ...... 18 Creative Policies Napoli: Creative Economy Data Creative Global Context Creative Potential Creative Spillover Creative Trends in Napoli (and Italy) Publishing and literature trends in Italy

3. Cultural Infrastructures ...... 21 Open Air Museum and Creative Districts Exhibit City Network Innovation Culture Research Centres City as World Stage Crossboarding Languages: Main Cultural Events

4. Capacity Building ...... 28 Creative Academic Sources Literary Training Writing (and Creative) Informal tools Music Training Artistic Training Training for Performing Arts

4 ytellingLibrerieBibliotecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioni eInformazioneDidatticaUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiP aturaPercorsiStorieLeggendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImm otecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriP aUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontri gendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioni cazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRime SperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontriComunitàEditoriA thosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioniStorytellin mozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRimeLeggendeInformazione ReteStiliEventiPresentazioniI riComunitàEditoriAutoriLetteraturaP saggiP ramiImmaginiLi ridazioniStorytellingLibrerieBiblio ioniSc Poesia eggendeInformazioneDidatticaU resent riC iLetteraturaPercorsiStorieLe magini brerieBibliotecheIspirazioniE DidatticaUniversitàLaborat ellin rieLeggendeInnovazione eInfor EvocazioniSuggest tellingLibr erat eInformazione Sperimentazione Napoli City of Literature - Contents eraturaPercorsi hosPathosPaes bliotecheIspira mozioniNar tticaUniversit ReteStiliEventiP ge d ggiPanoramiIm razioniScrittoriLib ntiPresentazioniIncont miImmaginiLinguaggi ioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccon sentazioniIncontri munitàE maginiLingu briPoesiaR ontriC ggiIb ytellingLib deInformazione er

5. Clustering for Creativity: Building Awareness ...... 33 Social Media: the Participation Strategy Clustering Without Borders Professional Associations in the Creative Sector Media Landscape

LITERARY LANDSCAPES 6. The ‘Map’ of Napoli City of Literature ...... 39 Mapping the Creative City of Literature

7. Book Industry ...... 41 Book Quarter and ‘City of Books’ Typography: printing book history across the centuries Bookbinding: Tradition and Innovation Publishing: Cultural C harm between Art and Craftmanship Bookshopping Paths: Independent and Low Cost

8. Reader-Friendly City ...... 44 ‘City Libraries Network Napoli National Library Monastic Libraries University Libraries Music Libraries Science Libraries

9. Writer-Friendly City ...... 48 Inspiration Land Writers in Residence The Grand Tour Experience Literary Reporters Bestselling’ the City Beyond Language Borders Telling the City Napoli (Hi)Story The XXth Century Contemporary Authors Collective Writing Community

5 Napoli City of Literature - Contents

10. Linguistic Treasures ...... 53 Between Creative Borders: the Neapolitan (Creative) Idiom Linguistic Heritage Neapolitan (and) Literature Neapolitan Grammar Literature in Music: Lyrics Writers Spreading ‘Musical Literature’ John Turturro’s Passion: a Tribute to Neapolitan Music The Music Archive in Napoli Neapolitan Theatre (and) Literature The origins The Iconic Character: Pulcinella Main Authors of the XX Century

11. Literary Events ...... 58 Living Culture Market-oriented Convention Literary Contests and Awards Bibliodiversity It’s Raining Literature The Electronic Literature

CREATIVE PERSPECTIVES 12. Creativity Improvement Strategies ...... 65 Connecting with Development National Partnership Chances Mission, Objectives, Activities 1) KNOWLEDGE HUB: Clustering, Knowledge and Creative Brokering The Project: the Observatory General Vision The Perspective The Activities 2) MULTICULTURAL PERSPECTIVE: (Multi)Cultural Awareness Intercultural Hub The Project: BookTrip The Perspectives The Activities: Grants Office 3) CONTENT MAKING: Creativity-Intensive City The 2011 Project: The Visible Cities The Collective Narrative of Places: the ‘Citytelling’

6 ytellingLibrerieBibliotecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioni eInformazioneDidatticaUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiP aturaPercorsiStorieLeggendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImm otecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriP aUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontri gendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioni cazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRime SperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontriComunitàEditoriA thosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioniStorytellin mozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRimeLeggendeInformazione ReteStiliEventiPresentazioniI riComunitàEditoriAutoriLetteraturaP saggiP ramiImmaginiLi ridazioniStorytellingLibrerieBiblio ioniSc Poesia eggendeInformazioneDidatticaU resent riC iLetteraturaPercorsiStorieLe magini brerieBibliotecheIspirazioniE DidatticaUniversitàLaborat ellin rieLeggendeInnovazione eInfor EvocazioniSuggest tellingLibr erat eInformazione Sperimentazione Napoli City of Literature - Contents eraturaPercorsi hosPathosPaes bliotecheIspira mozioniNar tticaUniversit ReteStiliEventiP ge d ggiPanoramiIm razioniScrittoriLib ntiPresentazioniIncont miImmaginiLinguaggi ioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccon sentazioniIncontri munitàE maginiLingu briPoesiaR ontriC ggiIb ytellingLib deInformazione er

Creative Bookmarks It is also possible to explore the alternative paths of the Creative City, reading it as a Hypertext, following the Creative Bookmarks added to the text. A good way to find out new assets:

Theatre Napoli as a Creative City of Literature and Theatre 26-30-31-32-41-55-56-57-60

Multiculturalism Bibliodiversity and internationalisation 16-18-29-45-48-49-53-55-59-65-68

Knowledge Building the Smart City 18-22-23-24-25-28-34-40-44-46-54-55-56-65-66-67

Participation People involvement 18-23-33-39-44-52-58-59-65-66-69

Content Making Fostering content industry 23-24-26-29-30-31-42-43-48-49-50-51-52-53-54-55-65-68-69

Creative Placemaking Urban culture-led regeneration 15-16-19-21-22-23-33-40-41-43-58-59-65

7 Executive Summary - A Creative Vision

Executive Summary : A Creative Vision

Creative Directions Perspective/Creative cities . City of Literature. The locations are dynamically inserted in the context of the lived culture and of the evolving scenarios connected to the development of a knowledge economy. Methodology/Cultural clustering . Functional alliances between operators, partners and institutions aimed at creating a system that would attract resources and production proposals based on the local material and immaterial cultural legacy. Model/Evolved cultural district . A model of development based on a multidisciplinary strategy of organization of local resources through the functional integration of the different partners . Projection/Storytelling . To imagine and let people perceive the territory according to innovative narrative dy - namics that would be experiential, involving and evocative.

Creativity Oriented City The Master plan for Napoli City of Literature is: A project that brings together the best cultural energies of the city, putting forward the consolidation of the city’s identity by including it in the UNESCO Creative Cities Network. A map that shows the day-to-day nature of cultural activities, foregrounding the ex - traordinary pervasiveness of the creative web that incessantly animates the cultural life of the city. A narration about the territory that would focus on its emotional infrastructure and be further valorised in touristic terms. An i nterpretation of the context that would generate impulses directed at the con - scious development of projects and activities connected to the culture economy.

Cultural Commons Vision The relationship between tangible and intangible heritages is key to the enhance - ment of the city through its assets, making it ‘liveable’ and ‘lived,’ in a sense-making perspective, according to the ‘Cultural Commons’ concept: “Cultural Commons refer to cultures located in time and space – either physical or virtual – as they are shared and expressed by a socially cohesive community. Some examples are: the cul - tural image of a city, a language, the brand of Tuscany’s Chianti, artistic movements,

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user-generated contents on the web, traditional knowledge held by indigenous com - munities and the creativity expressed by designers’ communities. All of the above examples share intangible cultural and symbolic values, which may be embodied either in products or content. In some cases, the production and ap - propriation of the cultural commons value follow market logic, in others they rely on social mechanisms of production and exchange. In some cases, the cultural com - mons is produced by close-knit groups, in others it relies on the openness of com - munities and on the voluntary contribution of their members” (definition by Centro Studi Silvia Santagata ).

Literary Highlights • Napoli is a metropolis replete with past and present history. It has a population of 1 million inhabitants (according to the 2001 official census) or 3.5 million ones, as reported by the “Metropolitan City” or “Metropolitan Area” institution instantiated by a recent national legislature.

• Napoli hosts many foreign institutes of culture and more than thirty consulates, helping define the picture of a metropolis devoted to cultural integration.

• The oldest research centre in Napoli is the Accademia Pontaniana, founded be - tween 1443 and 1458 on account by the poet and writer Antonio Beccadelli, known as "the Panormita." The Academy cultivates the sciences, literature and arts.

• “Federico II” University is the oldest university in Europe founded by order of state. It was established by Frederick II of Swabia on 5 June 1224.

• The University of Napoli "L'Orientale" is the oldest school of Sinology and Ori - ental Studies of Europe (1888), with a strong tradition of studies in European, Asian, African and North- and South American languages, cultures and societies.

• Napoli is among the few cities in the world to have a ‘Book Quarter’ in its histor - ical centre. The Quarter, which was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, According to a 2011 report by Confindustria Campania, counts 22 schools, 5 uni - versities, 15 institutions and cultural centres, 7 libraries and archives, 30 museums, 15 theatres, 7cinema houses, 27 galleries and studios, 19 music and dance schools, 60 libraries and 14 publishers, 37 cultural associations and 2 business incubators centres.

• Among the most important works published in Napoli in the past centuries are the Lectio super prima et secunda parte Codicis by von Riessinger (1471) - the first book to be published in the city.

9 Executive Summary - A Creative Vision

• Napoli is the Southern Italy province with the largest number of publishers. More than 60 publishers are active in the city. Many of them are publishers-booksellers who have won prestigious awards and embody a tradition of high quality literary culture that has endured the passage of time. The bookseller-publisher tradition began in 1672, when the French Bulifon Antonio, moved to Napoli and opened a library in Via San Biagio where, among other things, he sold books printed by him - self.

• The publication of scientific papers started in 79 AD with Pliny the Elder, who recorded the eruption of mount Vesuvius and the ensuing destruction of Pompeii, Herculaneum and Stabiae.

• Other key scientific texts printed in Napoli were Naturalis Magia by Giovanni Bat - tista della Porta (1589); Phytobasanos, the first work with botanical copperplate (in - stead of wooden) engravings (1592).

• According to ALI (the Association of Italian Booksellers) in Napoli there exist more than 100 bookshops, and also a high number of antiquarian bookshops: more than 40 ones.

• According to ICCU (the National Catalogue of Italian Libraries and Bibliographic Information) there exist about 500 libraries in Napoli, 48% of Campania’s total (1.013).

• The National Library was founded at the end of the 18th century. The Library’s manuscript section preserves rare and precious bibliographic masterpieces the likes of items from the Farnese Coptic scrolls, oriental and Greek manuscripts from the atlases, as well as collections of personal letters by Giacomo Leopardi.

• The Libraries of the University of Napoli L'Orientale offer a unique overview on literary and cultural productions from around the world, with more than 700.000 books and documents about Asian Studies, Studies of Classical and Ancient Mediter - ranean World, Studies and Research on Africa and Arab countries American, Cul - tural and Linguistic Studies, Studies in Europe and Eastern Europe.

• The rich heritage of the Library of the Zoological Station A.Dohrn in Napoli – 800.000 texts – hosts magazines, periodicals, pamphlets and scientific statements re - lating to marine biology and has held, since its early years, an international forum.

• The Library of Castel Capuano is one of the leading libraries of Europe for legal

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texts: 70,000 volumes, 55 manuscripts and autographs of 1100 documents by Neapolitan and French lawyers. It contains valuable texts from the sixteenth, sev - enteenth and eighteenth centuries.

• In the 18th century, Napoli was one of the designated stops in the cultural itiner - ary among monuments, history and traditions that was known as ‘The Grand Tour.’ The tour was a path of election and cultural elevation that left indelible traces - with a special reference to the city - in the works and words of Montesquieu, Goethe, Gonzaga, Lady Morgan/ De Stael, Chateaubriand, Lamartine/ Ruskin, Gregorovius, Dickens, Melville.

• Many contemporary Neapolitan authors are published by national publishers as well as translated in different languages and assigned prestigious literary awards. Among these are Ermanno Rea, Domenico Starnone, Erri De Luca, Peppe Lanzetta, Diego de Silva, Maurizio Braucci, Giuseppe Montesano, Antonio Pascale, Francesco Piccolo, Valeria Parrella, Maurizio de Giovanni, Roberto Saviano.

• UNESCO recognizes Neapolitan as a language, not a dialect, second only to Ital - ian for its use among the national spoken languages. Neapolitan literature originated in De Balneis Puteolanis (by Peter of Eboli) and Regimen Sanitatis, two poems trans - lated in the 1200s from Latin poetry in the vernacular idiom of Napoli.

• The first traces of Neapolitan theatre tradition date back to the works by Jacopo Sannazaro and Pietro Antonio Caracciolo in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth century.

• In Napoli, the dissemination of culture unfolds in a horizontal fashion, through a spontaneous and widespread network composed of associations, bookstores, cul - tural institutions which generate over 1500 literary events on a yearly basis.

• The most important literary award for unpublished works is Premio Napoli, an in - ternational event taking its name from the eponymous Foundation that promotes Italian literature abroad as well as foreign literatures in Italy. The jury involves a large community of readers, which counts 2000 members, distributed over the country and abroad.

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1. City Layout 4. Capacity Building History Highlights Creative Academic Sources ‘Greater Napoli’: Territorial (and Cultural) Literary Training Hub Writing (and Creative) Informal tools Intermodality: City-Regional Dimension Music Training Culture-crossing Metropolis Artistic Training Creativity-based Urban Planning Training for Performing Arts Creative Endorsement: Straight to ‘Forum delle Culture 2013’ and Beyond 5. Clustering for creativity: Building Awareness 2. Creative Strategies Social Media: the Participation Strategy Creative Policies Clustering Without Borders Napoli: Creative Economy Data Professional Associations in the Creative Creative Global Context Sector Creative Potential Media Landscape Creative Spillover Creative Trends in Napoli (and Italy) Publishing and literature trends in Italy

3. Cultural Infrastructures Open Air Museum and Creative Districts Exhibit City Network Innovation Culture Research Centres City as World Stage Crossboarding Languages: Main Cultural Events

1. City Layout

History Highlights Napoli is regarded as one of the cultural capitals of Europe, besides being the third major Italian city, after Rome and Milan, and a reference point for Southern Italy. Its history began in the 9th century b.C. when the Greeks founded Parthenope which would eventually become part of the Roman world. Ever since its foundation, Napoli has welcomed the blending of multiple cultural, religious and social elements, giving birth to the traditions that flowed into the life of the nascent Neapolis in the 6th century b.C. Throughout the centuries, Napoli has been under Norman, Angevin and Aragonese rule, establishing an important University already in 1224. During the Bourbon pe - riod, it acquired a place of prominence on the international horizon, in the mean time becoming a cradle for the arts and humanities. The city continued to hold its central role in the aftermath of the Unification, when it became the country’s south - ern capital. Napoli’s history has been celebrated in literary works all through the centuries. We find it quoted in the poems of Homer and Vergilius, as well as in Pliny the Elder’s chronicles, which describe the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 a.d., and Dante’s Commedia that refers to many figures of the city’s history.

‘Greater Napoli ’: Territorial (and Cultural) Hub Creative Napoli is a metropolis replete with past and present history. It has a population of Placemaking 1 million inhabitants (according to the 2001 official census) or 3.5 million ones, as reported by the “Metropolitan City” or “Metropolitan Area” institution instantiated by a recent national legislature (law no. 142, 8 June, 1990, art. 114 of the Constitu - tion following the 2001 reform, art. 23, law no. 42/2009 - proxy law on fiscal fed - eralism) that aggregates to the area of the urban centre parts of the provincial territory, the Gulf islands and the nearby provinces, connected by a relationship of territorial, functional, administrative, logistic and vocational continuity.

Intermodality: City-Regional Dimension The cultural and vocational continuity of the territory achieves its highest level of Creative integration thanks to a transportation system inspired by a principle of thorough in - Placemaking termodality. The system connects the international Harbour, the heart of the cruise and commercial traffic of the Mediterranean and an essential joint of European re - lations with Asia, to the international Airport that, thanks to an increase in conti - nental and intercontinental flights, is constantly expanding. Furthermore, the railway system, that counts more than 1.200 km of railways spanning the Vesuvian area, is also growing, reaching out to the rest of the region by means of underground ex -

15 Creative Ecosystem - 1. City Layout

tensions. The development of the Alta Velocità railroad that goes as far as Napoli, further contributes to connect the city to its territorial context.

Culture-crossing Metropolis The cultural layering that has taken place in the city through centuries of domina - tion and immigration, the coming together of multiple experiences of settlement, as well as the creation of associations, businesses and residential areas marked by a Multiculturalism cultural hybridization have produced a cosmopolitan environment. It is worth men - tioning that Napoli hosts many foreign institutes of culture such as the Cervantes, Goethe and Grenoble Institutes and the British Council, as well as the “Orientale” University, a thousand-year old institution that has greatly contributed to building a bridge and intensifying Napoli ’s exchanges with the civilizations of the Asian and African continents. The Confucio Institute, created by the Chinese Ministry of Ed - ucation, was established by the University of Napoli “L’Orientale” in partnership with the Shanghai International Studies University to promote the knowledge of the Chinese language and culture in the city. It operates within a network of 210 Confucio Institutes that are active in 64 countries with the aim to increase the co - operation and cultural exchange between different civilizations. More than thirty consulates help better define the picture of a metropolis that is open to share and match its cultural legacy with those of other countries so as to im - prove and strengthen its level of cultural integration.

Creativity-based Urban Planning The policy of urban renewal that has been launched in recent years aims at recu - Creative perating and improving the living conditions of peripheral areas. The “Napoli Est” Placemaking (‘Eastern Naples’) project, for example, aspires to build a new research hub, whereas the goal of the “Bagnoli” project, whose property auction is currently in progress, is to create a residential and commercial area in a former factory area. Recently, a management plan has also been deposited for the historical centre, which is inscribed on UNESCO’s World Heritage Site list. This redevelopment plan is part of the cultural strategy that in the last fifteen years has brought to Napoli significant cultural events , such as the permanent Teatro Festival Italia and the 2013 edition of the Universal Forum of Cultures.

Creative Endorsement: Straight to ‘Forum delle Culture 2013’ and Beyond The inclusion of the project Napoli Creative City of Literature in the agenda of the Universal Forum of Cultures 2013 demonstrates a strong inter-institutional en - dorsement of the model of creative development. Indeed, the different institutions that converge in the Universal Forum of Cultures (the City of Napoli, the Province of Napoli, the Regional Authority and the Foreign Ministry) committed themselves to actively promote the cause of a ‘creative city.’ Napoli City of Literature repre - sents the ideal strategic ground to carry on the sustainable development activities en - dorsed by the Forum Foundation well beyond the close of the event in July 2013.

Creative Ecosystem - 2. Creative Strategies

2. Creative Strategies

Creative Policies International partnerships/ Twinning Multiculturalism Thanks to the European funding program AGIRE POR 2007-2013, Napoli is twin - ning with the City of Edinburgh (UNESCO city of Literature since 2004) as a strat - egy of knowledge transfer and to import guidelines and best practices to manage its status of UNESCO Creative City of Literature. Public-Private Partnership/ Forum of Cultures ‘open source’ The new President of the Forum of Cultures Foundation’s plan for the 2013 event is open to all non-profit associations and individual professionals in hopes to foster Participation the submission and evaluation of their ideas. Creative Mapping In spite of the international financial crisis, the new City Council - established in June 2011 – started a new plan, offering free locations to the best qualified and most in - teresting projects as a means to sustain the cultural activities of private operators. A capillary self-survey operation about creative industries in the city has also been launched, to facilitate the identification of the limits and salient features of the city’s Cultural District. BiblioNapoliCard The BiblioNapoliCard, active since 2010, is a project that aims at revitalizing the city’s network of public libraries and promoting reading throughout the year. Bib -

Knowledge lioNapoliCard is also a service established by the City of Napoli to help citizens and tourists enjoy the city’s cultural heritage by including museums, cinemas, theatres and many cultural events in a common discount programme. Born to Read In October, the Park of Poggio ai Colli Aminei accommodates the Born to Read project, aimed at children from 0 to 6 years. The initiative, sponsored by the City, is organized nationally by the Italian Libraries and the Association of Paediatricians in collaboration with the Cultural Center for the Child Health. The Ministry of Na - tional Heritage and Culture signalled the project as the most important initiative cur - rently taking place in Italy to promote reading.

Napoli: Creative Economy Data Creative Global Context In 2009 The European Union published a Green Paper on ‘Unlocking the potential of cultural and creative industries.’ The document clearly shows that in recent years Europe and other areas of the world have reached a turning point due to increas - ing globalization and the rapid emergence of new technologies. The turn is marked by the disappearance of traditional forms of industrial production and by the rise

18 ytellingLibrerieBibliotecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioni eInformazioneDidatticaUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiP aturaPercorsiStorieLeggendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImm otecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriP aUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontri gendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioni cazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRime SperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontriComunitàEditoriA thosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioniStorytellin mozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRimeLeggendeInformazione ReteStiliEventiPresentazioniI riComunitàEditoriAutoriLetteraturaP saggiP ramiImmaginiLi ridazioniStorytellingLibrerieBiblio ioniSc Poesia eggendeInformazioneDidatticaU resent riC iLetteraturaPercorsiStorieLe magini brerieBibliotecheIspirazioniE DidatticaUniversitàLaborat ellin rieLeggendeInnovazione eInfor EvocazioniSuggest tellingLibr erat eInformazione Sperimentazione Creative Ecosystem - 2. Creative Strategies eraturaPercorsi hosPathosPaes bliotecheIspira mozioniNar tticaUniversit ReteStiliEventiP ge d ggiPanoramiIm razioniScrittoriLib ntiPresentazioniIncont miImmaginiLinguaggi ioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccon sentazioniIncontri munitàE maginiLingu briPoesiaR ontriC ggiIb ytellingLib deInformazione er

of the service sector and innovation. Creative communities, whose interest and ac - tivities lay in creation and innovation, are progressively replacing factories. In the new digital economy, the rise of intangible values fosters the emergence of a new perspective that focuses on what is known as ‘experience economy’. The ability to create experiences and establish social networks has turned into a competitive fac - tor. To stay competitive in this changing global environment, Europe must create the conditions to help creativity and innovation in a new entrepreneurial culture flour - ish.

Creative Potential The cultural and creative industries have a large untapped potential for creating growth and employment. As many studies have highlighted, the cultural and creative industries sector is made up of highly innovative companies with great economic potential and is one of the most dynamic areas of financial accumulation in Europe. It accounts for 2.6% of GDP ‘European Union, with a high rate of growth and employment that, at the moment, equates to five million people in the 27 EU member states. Creative Placemaking In addition, cultural content has a crucial role in the development of society, fu - elling investment in infrastructure and broadband services, digital technology, con - sumer electronics and telecommunications.

Creative Spillover The cultural and creative industries are also important driving forces of economic and social innovation in many other areas. A creative planning for cities and terri - tories generates placebranding impulse, fosters lifelong learning trends and sustain - able practices in everyday life and also in business, encouraging the intergenerational and multicultural dialogue that aids in community building. A creative approach for a knowledge-based society, inspires a more imaginative, co - hesive, greener and prosperous future.

Creative Trends in Napoli (and Italy) Thanks to its cultural resources, Campania, the region where Napoli is located, at - tracts up to 5% of tourism, both Italian and foreigner. Cultural and creative tourism is a resource that fuels the local economy. According to the 2011 report of the Chambers of Commerce, the people employed in the cultural sector in Napoli are about 12.000. This already significant number could be further increased by creating a cultural and creative District that would cap - ture energies and financial resources coming from both private and public investors.

19 Creative Ecosystem - 2. Creative Strategies

Publishing and literature trends in Italy Every resource connected to cultural and creative development is therefore to be seized, and literature and publishing assets are ripe to evolve, as is clear from the re - search on cultural data analysis in 2009-2011 realized by Symbola Foundation and Tagliacarne Institute. In 2009, the reading public has increased by 968000 new read - ers. Between 2005 and 2009, the editorial activities in Campania have grown by 8.61% as regards published works (from 1,241 to 1,472 works published). In spite of a slight decrease (-2.38), Napoli remains the Southern Italy province with the largest number of publishers. In addition to this datum, we observe a strong fragmentation of the sector, with 63% of publishers active in the province of Napoli consisting of small publishers which, added to those of medium size, hold a share of almost 90% of the market (including the publishers that have produced at least one publication during the year), while the big publishers (those with a business vol - ume of at least 50 works per year) represent 11% of the total.

20 ytellingLibrerieBibliotecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioni eInformazioneDidatticaUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiP aturaPercorsiStorieLeggendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImm otecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriP aUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontri gendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioni cazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRime SperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontriComunitàEditoriA thosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioniStorytellin mozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRimeLeggendeInformazione ReteStiliEventiPresentazioniI riComunitàEditoriAutoriLetteraturaP saggiP ramiImmaginiLi ridazioniStorytellingLibrerieBiblio ioniSc Poesia eggendeInformazioneDidatticaU resent riC iLetteraturaPercorsiStorieLe magini brerieBibliotecheIspirazioniE DidatticaUniversitàLaborat ellin rieLeggendeInnovazione eInfor EvocazioniSuggest tellingLibr erat eInformazione Sperimentazione Creative Ecosystem - 3. Cultural Infrastructures eraturaPercorsi hosPathosPaes bliotecheIspira mozioniNar tticaUniversit ReteStiliEventiP ge d ggiPanoramiIm razioniScrittoriLib ntiPresentazioniIncont miImmaginiLinguaggi ioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccon sentazioniIncontri munitàE maginiLingu briPoesiaR ontriC ggiIb ytellingLib deInformazione er

3. Cultural Infrastructures

Open Air Museum and Creative Districts Napoli’s texture is made up of the layered and hybrid remains of a thousand-year old history as can be observed in its architectonic, monumental and naturalistic legacy. Traditional and modern cultural infrastructures blend to give life to one of Creative the main reference points in the Italian and international cultural landscape. Placemaking There are many creative traditions of crafts and entrepreneurship in Napoli. Many firms located in the center of the city cluster in districts that are easily recognizable fom the concentration of activities in various sectors. Lutherie The production of musical instruments, like guitars, pounds, mandolins, mandolin, mandocello and lutes, is among the oldest and most famous legacies of the 1600s Neapolitan crafmanships, with hundreds of master luthiers documented to have created a real school in the city, and different families transmitting this artistic tra - dition throughout the centuries. Already in 1700 Paganini, the renown violinist, bought string supplies for his in - strument in Napoli. Many musical instruments, handmade in Neaples, are true works of art, preserved in museums for their decorations and sound. The heart of the District of musical instruments is the famous Conservatory of San Pietro a Majella and the adjacent Via San Sebastiano, an historical street that is home to almost all the musical shops still active in the area. Crib Art Napoli has the longest crib tradition in Italy. Here, thanks to King Charles III of Bourbon’s interest, a true art form developed that was linked to the Capodimonte school of ceramics. Through the centuries, Napoli has given birth to the best sculptors of its time, artists specialized in modelling the figures of the crib. Many cribs are now preserved in the historical churches near Via San Biagio dei Li - brai. An examplary wooden one, whose origin dates back to 1654, is housed in the church of San Lorenzo Maggiore. Other cribs are located in the Churches of Gesù Nuovo (the late eighteenth century), Santa Chiara and Santa Maria del Parto in Mergellina (seventeenth century), as well as in the Holy Spirit (where an eighteenth century animated nativity is also found). Crib art is a tourist and cultural attraction, with many masterpieces also housed in museums and churches (Museo Nazionale di San Martino - “Crib Cuciniello”, Royal Palace Caserta, Correale Museum in Sorrento). An internationally recognized cultural tradition, the aggregation of small craft busi - nesses, the transmission of cultural and artistic knowledge, as well as the coexis - tence of art and business are the elements on which the district can be built.

21 Creative Ecosystem - 3. Cultural Infrastructures

Pottery Since 1400 Napoli has been a world capital of ceramics production. In 1743, dur - ing the reign of the Bourbons, a factory for the production of high quality porce - lain was opened in Capodimonte,. When the factory closed, many artists opened their own private activities, locating their laboratories in the historic center (within the boundaries of the UNESCO site). The high artistic value of local production has earned Napoli the title of “center of Creative Placemaking ancient ceramic tradition.” In order to preserve and protect this production, Campania Regional Council is - sued a specification for the artistic and traditional ceramics of Capodimonte, re - questing that the producers place a label on a special list at the Chamber of Commerce of Napoli . The city is also part of the Associazione Italiana delle Città della Ceramica (AICC), a network of municipalities that preserves the business value of pottery over time. Goldsmith The goldsmith’s art, which has been practiced since the 1300s, is one of the most interesting segments of the Neapolitan handicraft. The district is found in the an - cient Borgo Orefici, where many firms have been aggregated until to day, creating a peculiar business ecosystem that includes a commercial elemet (mostly devoted to retail), craft one (micro-enterprises operating on the entire supply chain, fusion, di - amond setting, jewelry , gold, diamond cutting, etc.) and related services (gemol - ogy). Today, a consortium of companies represents the entire goldsmith chain, bringing the artists together in a professional organization whose aim is to preserve the tradition and economy of the Old Borgo Orefici. Gastronomy Food has recently emerged as a strong aspect of the cultural industry able to incor - porate discourses on local identity, tradition, territory, history and scenery, but also creativity, research and technological innovation. In the historical center of Napoli - UNESCO world heritage site - numerous ac - tivities exist, related to the food and wine sectors and ranging from artisan food pro - duction, particularly in the confectionery industry, to the production of chocolate and liquor.

Exhibit City Network Knowledge The National Archeological Museum and the MADRE Museum perfectly embody the city’s identity, dwelling between past and future. The former is the largest Ital - ian Archeological Museum (second only to the one in Torino) erected by the Bour - bons whereas the latter is the first Italian Museum of Contemporary Art. Between these two poles lay many other relevant museums, the likes of the Capodimonte Ceramics one, the Nitsch Museum and the Villa Floridiana Museum.

22 ytellingLibrerieBibliotecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioni eInformazioneDidatticaUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiP aturaPercorsiStorieLeggendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImm otecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriP aUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontri gendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioni cazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRime SperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontriComunitàEditoriA thosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioniStorytellin mozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRimeLeggendeInformazione ReteStiliEventiPresentazioniI riComunitàEditoriAutoriLetteraturaP saggiP ramiImmaginiLi ridazioniStorytellingLibrerieBiblio ioniSc Poesia eggendeInformazioneDidatticaU resent riC iLetteraturaPercorsiStorieLe magini brerieBibliotecheIspirazioniE DidatticaUniversitàLaborat ellin rieLeggendeInnovazione eInfor EvocazioniSuggest tellingLibr erat eInformazione Sperimentazione Creative Ecosystem - 3. Cultural Infrastructures eraturaPercorsi hosPathosPaes bliotecheIspira mozioniNar tticaUniversit ReteStiliEventiP ge d ggiPanoramiIm razioniScrittoriLib ntiPresentazioniIncont miImmaginiLinguaggi ioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccon sentazioniIncontri munitàE maginiLingu briPoesiaR ontriC ggiIb ytellingLib deInformazione er

Figuring among the world’s art capitals, Napoli hosts a large number of museums and art galleries. In the city’s historical center thirty museums, mostly state-run, are located. They exist alongside the many cycles of frescoes and gatherings, religious Creative Placemaking institutions, private museums, university museums and provincial museums that are scattered all over the urban area. Historical Museums Museo civico di Castel Nuovo, Museo dell’Opera di San Lorenzo Maggiore, Museo di Castel Capuano, Museo di Palazzo Reale, Museo di San Martino, Museo Filangieri, Museo MEMUS (San Carlo), Pio Monte della Misericordia. Art Museums Palazzo Reale, Museo Capodimonte, Museo Nazionale della ceramica Duca di Mar - tina - Villa Floridiana, Museo Diocesano di Napoli, Villa Pignatelli, Museo del Monte di Pietà, Museo del Tesoro di San Gennaro, Museo della Cappella Sansevero, Qua - Content dreria dei Girolamini. Making Contemporary Art Museums MADRE (Museo d’Arte Contemporanea Donnaregina), Museo Artistico Industriale, Museo del tessile e dell’abbigliamento Elena Aldobrandini, , Museo Morra Greco, Museo Novecento - Castel Sant’Elmo, Museo Nitsch - Archivio Laboratorio per le arti contemporanee. Hermann Nitsch, PAN (Palazzo delle Arti Napoli), PLART (plastica + arte + ricerca e tecnologia). Science Museums Exhibition and museum center “Centro Musei delle Scienze Naturali”: Real Museo Mineralogico, Museo Zoologico, Museo di Antropologia, Museo di Paleontologia; Città della scienza (first Italian Science Center), Museo degli Strumenti Astronomici, Museo del Mare, Museo di Paleobotanica ed Etnobotanica - Orto Botanico, Sta - zione Zoologica Anton Dohrn.

Innovation Culture In Napoli, scientific research is undergoing a phase of rapid innovation. This is in - Knowledge tensified by the activities and researches carried in the creative field and promoted by institutions such as Città della Scienza, that hosts a Business Innovation Center (BIC) for companies with an advanced level of technological innovation, and the Italian Institute of Philosophical Studies (Istituto Italiano di Studi Filosofici), a renowned cultural centre dedicated to philosophical, historical, literary and anthro - pological research. Wired City In 2011 a free wireless network has been installed over the urban area, with hotspots Participation located in the main nodes of the city’s network. The functional model of the UNESCO Creative City is based on a participatory and democratic connection of citizens, promoting the idea of horizontal networks

23 Creative Ecosystem - 3. Cultural Infrastructures

that drive the creative and cultural fabric of the territories. Digital devices play a crucial role in the spread of citizen participation, as well as in the democratization of information. Creative Clusters: the Project Content Making Campania Innovazione is a regional Development Agency whose activities are de - voted to the creation of businesses in the area. The agency, which for years has hosted a BIC (Business Innovation Centre) for firms with a high rate of techno - logical innovation, launched a project in 2010 – Creative Clusters - which was rec - ognized as best practice by the European Network of Business Incubators in 2011. The project is devoted to the creation of innovative companies in the field of the creative industries.

Research Centres Accademia Pontaniana Its foundation dating back to 1443 or 1458 on account of the poet and writer An - tonio Beccadelli, known as “the Panormita.” The Academy cultivates the sciences, literature and arts with the aim to revive the humanistic spirit of its founders, en - dorsing the knowledge tradition, preservation and development of Southern Italy as Knowledge a unique cultural reality that integrates the composite European civilization and the ancient Mediterranean culture. Società Nazionale di Scienze, Lettere e Arti in Napoli The Academy was founded in 1698 as ‘Palatine Academy’ only to merge in 1732 with the Academy of Sciences, founded on account of Galiani, in 1755 with the Royal Academy of Herculaneum, in 1778 with the Royal Academy. Currently, the National Society promotes the cultural activities of the Academy of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, the Academy of Archaeology, Literature and Fine Arts and the Academy of Med - ical and Surgical Sciences. Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn The Zoological Station Anton Dohrn of Napoli was founded in 1872 by the Ger - man scientist Anton Dohrn, with the aim of collecting scientific results in support of the Darwinian theory which he enthusiastically supported. Today, the Station is a research institute of great importance in the field of marine biology. Società Napoletana di Storia Patria The Neapolitan Society of National History, located in Castelnuovo, is among the most important national historical societies due to its old origin, rich library, and the vitality of its scientific and publishing initiatives. The institution, established in December 1875, was founded by eminent scholars, the likes of Bartolomeo Capasso, Francesco Correale and Vincenzo Cuomo. The build - ing that first hosted the Napoli Historical Society was designed by Carlo Troya in

24 ytellingLibrerieBibliotecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioni eInformazioneDidatticaUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiP aturaPercorsiStorieLeggendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImm otecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriP aUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontri gendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioni cazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRime SperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontriComunitàEditoriA thosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioniStorytellin mozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRimeLeggendeInformazione ReteStiliEventiPresentazioniI riComunitàEditoriAutoriLetteraturaP saggiP ramiImmaginiLi ridazioniStorytellingLibrerieBiblio ioniSc Poesia eggendeInformazioneDidatticaU resent riC iLetteraturaPercorsiStorieLe magini brerieBibliotecheIspirazioniE DidatticaUniversitàLaborat ellin rieLeggendeInnovazione eInfor EvocazioniSuggest tellingLibr erat eInformazione Sperimentazione Creative Ecosystem - 3. Cultural Infrastructures eraturaPercorsi hosPathosPaes bliotecheIspira mozioniNar tticaUniversit ReteStiliEventiP ge d ggiPanoramiIm razioniScrittoriLib ntiPresentazioniIncont miImmaginiLinguaggi ioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccon sentazioniIncontri munitàE maginiLingu briPoesiaR ontriC ggiIb ytellingLib deInformazione er

1843. It emerged within a number of initiatives that led to the creation of a net - work of Provincial Councils and Company, whose ideal aim was to contribute, through the study of the past, to fostering awareness of a national identity. Istituto Italiano per gli Studi Storici The Italian Institute for Historical Studies was founded in 1946 by philosopher Benedetto Croce to assist young scholars with a vocation for historical studies its re - lations with the major philosophical sciences of logic, ethics, law, economics and politics of art and religion. Istituto Italiano dei Castelli The Italian Institute of Castles, established in 1964, is recognized by the Ministry of Culture and associated with the Internationales Burgen Institut, a European insti - tution sponsored by UNESCO. The Institute’s focus on research and preservation of the fortified heritage aims at including such assets in the active cycle of contem - porary life. The Institute, in addition to publishing two magazines and in-depth monographs on the topics of military architecture and fortifications, promotes nu - merous other cultural events and international conferences, study visits and disser - tation enhancement awards. Centro Internazionale per lo studio dei papiri Ercolanesi “Marcello Gigante” CISPE was established in Napoli in 1969 by prof. Marcello Gigante. The papyruses found in the mid-eighteenth century in a villa in Herculaneum represent a unique collection of books. CISPE, which awards annual scholarships to Italian and foreign researchers, promotes and disseminates publications that make known and available Knowledge such a documental heritage, offering a significant contributor to enrich our knowl - edge of the classical world as the foundation of Western civilization. Istituto Italiano per gli studi Filosofici The Italian Institute for Philosophical Studies was founded in Napoli in 1975 by Enrico Cerulli, Elena Croce, Pietro Piovani, Giovanni Pugliese Carratelli and Ger - ardo Marotta (who is also the President) to preserve and harness the library of over one hundred thousand volumes that was patiently and meticulously collected in thirty years of research of European library collections. The Institute also contributes to keep the dialogue between philosophy and science alive, hosting seminars and conferences on physics and biology, history and art the - ory, as well as publishing research in the field of economic history. Istituto Banco di Napoli The origin of the Banco di Napoli Institute, based in the sixteenth century Palazzo Ricca, is closely related to the history of the eponymous Bank, which in turn derives from the religious public schools that arose in Napoli in the sixteenth and seven - teenth centuries. Today, the Foundation pursues the purpose of social interest and the promotion of economic and cultural development in the southern regions, endorsing scientific re -

25 Creative Ecosystem - 3. Cultural Infrastructures

search, education and training. Its activities focus on the protection and enhancement of the cultural heritage privileging the artistic, archaeological, museological and en - vironmental areas. The Institute also manages the exceptional documentary heritage of the ancient Neapolitan Public Banks and Banco di Napoli (XVI-XX) that is hosted at the His - torical Archives, which is an essential reference point for the study of the history of city of Napoli and South of Italy.

Theatre City as World Stage The world’s theatrical and performing traditions have an important headquarter in Napoli. The city has a consolidated creative language and offers a dynamic structural legacy that local tradition and infrastructures contribute to keep alive. San Carlo Theatre symbolizes the ‘Perfoming City,’ being one of the most important opera houses of the world. Since 2008, Napoli has also permanently hosted Napoli Teatro Festival Italia, one of the most celebrated international events, dedicated to theatre industry and culture. Napoli Teatro Festival Italia was founded in August 2007, as the Ministry of Her - itage and Culture selected Napoli as home of an international theatre festival. The event was modelled on the most renowned European festivals and, in its initial stage, would take place every three years in a different Italian city. In 2009, following the results of the first two editions, MIBAC chose Napoli as permanent home of the event. The festival immediately distinguished itself as an experimental and interna - tional event, producing many shows in partnership with famous theatre institutions across Europe and beyond, with Italian and foreign artists working together to cre - ate site-specific performances. This is a peculiar festival that hosts theatre perform - ances and shows all over the city and in several non-theatrical spaces, such as monuments, neighbourhoods, churches, art galleries and museums, as well as dif - ferent brownfield sites.

Crossboarding Languages: Main Cultural Events Content Napoli also hosts important events connected to literature as well as international Making meetings, endorsing the goal of promotion, valorisation and support that inspired the bid for Napoli City of Literature. Such events have increased the chances of es - tablishing creative and didactic intersections between creative languages. Two ex - amples of such intersections are COMICON - International Comic Fair (the second largest one in Europe after Angouleme) and Napoli Film Festival, a film show that is six years old. Artecinema - International festival of films on contemporary art. Artecinema is an international festival of documentary films on contemporary art. It was founded in 1996 with the aim to show the realities of contemporary art by

26 ytellingLibrerieBibliotecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioni eInformazioneDidatticaUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiP aturaPercorsiStorieLeggendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImm otecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriP aUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontri gendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioni cazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRime SperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontriComunitàEditoriA thosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioniStorytellin mozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRimeLeggendeInformazione ReteStiliEventiPresentazioniI riComunitàEditoriAutoriLetteraturaP saggiP ramiImmaginiLi ridazioniStorytellingLibrerieBiblio ioniSc Poesia eggendeInformazioneDidatticaU resent riC iLetteraturaPercorsiStorieLe magini brerieBibliotecheIspirazioniE DidatticaUniversitàLaborat ellin rieLeggendeInnovazione eInfor EvocazioniSuggest tellingLibr erat eInformazione Sperimentazione Creative Ecosystem - 3. Cultural Infrastructures eraturaPercorsi hosPathosPaes bliotecheIspira mozioniNar tticaUniversit ReteStiliEventiP ge d ggiPanoramiIm razioniScrittoriLib ntiPresentazioniIncont miImmaginiLinguaggi ioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccon sentazioniIncontri munitàE maginiLingu briPoesiaR ontriC ggiIb ytellingLib deInformazione er

means of a selection of documentaries focusing on major artists, architects and pho - tographers of the last fifty years. Through interviews, filmed biographies and trans - media narratives, the world of visual arts comes alive on the screen. Maggio dei Monumenti Every year in May and during weekends Napoli opens its monuments to host a free program of cultural initiatives, such as musical performances and guided tours. The event has currently reached its seventeenth edition. Museum Museum is a multi-year project that proposes a series of theatrical installations to set up in unconventional spaces within the San Martino Museum and Charterhouse. The initiative offers a journey through the masterpieces of world literature, staged and set in charming locations. Napoli COMICON - International Comics Salon An international exhibition at its fourteenth edition, COMICON’s structured pro - gram has a wide cultural offer, which provides high-level exposures, including orig - inal artworks and scenery impact, meetings with authors, discussions, presentations of new books, previews and film festivals, live events, initiatives and scouting con - tests for young artists. The exhibitions are mainly held in Castel Sant’ Elmo’s an - cient prison, although further events can also be held elsewhere in the city and the region. Napoli Film Festival The Napoli International Film Festival, hosted at Castel Sant’Elmo, is one of the most significant film festivals held in the city. Organized by Napolicinema, it has now reached its twelfth edition. The show is now entering the European circuit of the most important independent festivals . O’Curt Short Film Festival The Neapolitan festival of short films, O’Curt (now at its fourteenth edition), takes place every year at the “Grenoble” Institute of French culture and at the Institute “Cervantes,” as well as at other multifunctional spaces dedicated to cultural events.

27 Creative Ecosystem - 4. Capacity Building

4. Capacity Building

Creative Academic Sources Five universities operate in Napoli: Federico II, The Second University of Napoli, “‘L’Orientale” University, Parthenope University and Suor Orsola Benincasa Uni - Knowledge versity. They offer a large number of courses, degrees and laboratory activities, as well as Master courses on literature, accounting for an estimate of 150.000 enrolled students. At this stage a major reconfiguration of the Italian university system is taking place. This will led to the complete overhaul of the system, the abolition of university fac - ulties and the establishment of Schools of reference. That will include teachings closely related to literary publishing offered by School of Humanities and Social Sciences (with Letters, Law, Sociology, Political Science, Economics), with almost 90,000 students. In 2009, Suor Orsola Benincasa University opened “The House of Literature” a centre dedicated to literary research and analysis. “Federico II” University “Federico II” University is the oldest university in Europe founded by order of state. It was established by Frederick II of Swabia on 5 June 1224. The University, which has expanded greatly over time, is now divided into 3 fundamental centres: the Sci - ences and Technologies centre, located in the complex of Monte Sant’Angelo, the original location in Mezzocannone street and the historic Palazzo Gravina; the Pole of the Human and Social Sciences, located in the historical headquarters in Corso Umberto I as well as in several other monumental buildings of the ancient town; and the Pole of Science and Technology for Life, housed in the nineteenth century com - plex of the Vecchio Policlinico Hospital, in the Royal Palace in Portici and in sev - eral modern buildings. The University ensures the dissemination of scientific culture through a complex museum system and a network of libraries. “Suor Orsola Benincasa” University Suor Orsola Benincasa University is the oldest private college of Italy. It was founded in 1864 for an all-female population educated not only in humanity stud - ies but also in scientific, artistic and technical studies. The University specializes in human sciences and since 1995 also in educational and pedagogical sciences. The in - stitution includes also the “Campania School for higher education in conservation and restoration “ founded in 2001 and considered a natural continuation of the Suor Orsola long experience in cultural and heritage preservation. The School forms com - plete professionals and competent restorers. The “Centre for Research on Euro - pean Institutions “ was founded in 2001 to implement comparative surveys,

28 ytellingLibrerieBibliotecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioni eInformazioneDidatticaUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiP aturaPercorsiStorieLeggendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImm otecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriP aUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontri gendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioni cazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRime SperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontriComunitàEditoriA thosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioniStorytellin mozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRimeLeggendeInformazione ReteStiliEventiPresentazioniI riComunitàEditoriAutoriLetteraturaP saggiP ramiImmaginiLi ridazioniStorytellingLibrerieBiblio ioniSc Poesia eggendeInformazioneDidatticaU resent riC iLetteraturaPercorsiStorieLe magini brerieBibliotecheIspirazioniE DidatticaUniversitàLaborat ellin rieLeggendeInnovazione eInfor EvocazioniSuggest tellingLibr erat eInformazione Sperimentazione Creative Ecosystem - 4. Capacity Building eraturaPercorsi hosPathosPaes bliotecheIspira mozioniNar tticaUniversit ReteStiliEventiP ge d ggiPanoramiIm razioniScrittoriLib ntiPresentazioniIncont miImmaginiLinguaggi ioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccon sentazioniIncontri munitàE maginiLingu briPoesiaR ontriC ggiIb ytellingLib deInformazione er

supplements and thematic intersections between different fields of knowledge. Its goal is to devise theoretical and analytical elements in the legal, political and eco - nomical European theory; the “European School for Advanced Studies” was also founded in 2001 in collaboration with the Orientale University and the Italian In - stitute for Philosophical Studies. Here, young scholars are trained in philosophy, law, history, linguistics and literature, history of art, science, education, political sociol - ogy within in a European and international framework. “L’Orientale” University The University of Napoli “L’Orientale” is the oldest school of Sinology and Ori - ental Studiesof Europe (1888), with a strong tradition of studies in European, Asian, Multiculturalism African and North- and South American languages , cultures and societies. The Uni - versity offers several training courses focusing on the study of different cultural tra - ditions. Students are expected to learn how to interact and dialogue with other cultures in a multicultural perspective. Languages, cultures and knowledge are in - tertwined in the educational activity as in research. Languages , civilizations and cul - tures studies are of very high quality with a point of view focused on West – East cultural comparation and dialogue. The first core of “L’Orientale” University was the College of Chinese, founded by Matteo Ripa (1682-1746), a secular priest and a missionary, with his young follow - ers (Chinese language and Mandarin writing teachers). Particular attention is devoted to innovations in archaeological studies, international relations, media languages, and to multilingualism, multiculturalism and communication in all its complexity. Parthenope University The foundation of the University of Napoli “Parthenope” dates backs to 1919. The increasingly number of student and the expansion plan calls for new spaces, so to the historic location of Acton street have been added a building in via Medina, the church of San Giorgio dei Genovesi, Villa Doria d’Angri and a structure in Centro Direzionale of Napoli. S.U.N. University S.U.N. University was instituted in 1991. The University is structured in networks of branch housing, located in the province of Caserta, in the Palazzo Spinelli in Santa Maria of Costantinopoli Street, in the Croce di Lucca Church, and in the Vecchio Policlinico, the core foundation of the University. The University includes the Mu - seum of Human Anatomy located in the cloisters of Santa Patrizia and others pres - tigious scientific galleries, as well as several experimental research centres and laboratories located in Terra di Lavoro. Content Making Literary Training Writing (and Creative) Informal tools As already mentioned, many creative writing laboratories are active in Napoli, where

29 Creative Ecosystem - 4. Capacity Building

hundreds of talents improve their writing skills, getting published by local and na - tional publishers. The main operators of this network are LaLineaScritta founded and directed by the author Antonella Cilento , Achille Campanile’s comic writing labora - tory founded by the writer Pino Imperatore and the Italian wordplay champion Edgardo Bellini, and La bottega della scrittura (The Writing Shop), connected to Homo Scrivens , founded by the author Aldo Putignano, which is the first Italian writing company, active since 2004. Since 2010, a writing workshop, Noir Factory, has also been active and supported by important stakeholders of the content industries.

Music Training Conservatorio di San Pietro a Majella Content The Music Academy emerged in 1806 in the Convent of the Sisters of St. Sebast - Making ian from the unification of four music institutions located in the orphanages of “Santa Maria di Loreto”, the “Pietà of Turchini”, “Sant’Onofrio Capuana” and “Poveri di Gesù Cristo”. In these institutions, since the sixteenth century, catechism and singing have been taught to abandoned children. Centro di Musica Antica Pietà de’ Turchini The Centre for Ancient Music Pietà de Turchini, which occupies part of the Monastery and Church of St. Catherine of Siena, was founded in 1996 by musicians, musicologists and historical drama researchers interested in the Neapolitan history of music and entertainment during the Baroque period. The founders explore this period through the collection and study of sources related to that important musi - Theatre cal and theater moment, with the organization of music festivals dedicated to the repertoire of ancient music and through the holding of seminars and specialization masterclasses that train qualified young musicians and singers. Accademia Mandolinistica Napoletana The Accademia Mandolinistica Napoletana holds seminars and educational activi - ties together with the School of Mandolin. The Academy’s orchestral and chamber music has a rich concert activity that represents the Neapolitian musical tradition worldwide.

Artistic Training Accademia di Belle Arti The Accademia di Belle Arti is a public university dedicated to the study of visual arts. Founded as the Royal Academy of Design in 1752 by Charles III of Bourbon, The Academy is the only Italian institution whose asset of artistic works has not been expropriated, accounting for the largest artistic collection of the country. Istituto Europeo di Design The Istituto Europeo di Design has been the first Institute of Southern Italian to

30 ytellingLibrerieBibliotecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioni eInformazioneDidatticaUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiP aturaPercorsiStorieLeggendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImm otecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriP aUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontri gendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioni cazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRime SperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontriComunitàEditoriA thosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioniStorytellin mozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRimeLeggendeInformazione ReteStiliEventiPresentazioniI riComunitàEditoriAutoriLetteraturaP saggiP ramiImmaginiLi ridazioniStorytellingLibrerieBiblio ioniSc Poesia eggendeInformazioneDidatticaU resent riC iLetteraturaPercorsiStorieLe magini brerieBibliotecheIspirazioniE DidatticaUniversitàLaborat ellin rieLeggendeInnovazione eInfor EvocazioniSuggest tellingLibr erat eInformazione Sperimentazione Creative Ecosystem - 4. Capacity Building eraturaPercorsi hosPathosPaes bliotecheIspira mozioniNar tticaUniversit ReteStiliEventiP ge d ggiPanoramiIm razioniScrittoriLib ntiPresentazioniIncont miImmaginiLinguaggi ioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccon sentazioniIncontri munitàE maginiLingu briPoesiaR ontriC ggiIb ytellingLib deInformazione er

work in the field of training (at both graduate and and post-graduate level), fashion, graphics and design. Today, it is an international school of design that offers a wide range of academic courses and masters. The Institute specializes in Graphic Design and Multimedia Design, Interior and Industrial Design, Fashion and Textile Design enrolling national and international students. ILAS. Istituto superiore di Comunicazione Visiva Content ILAS is a training center specialized in professional training in advertising and visual Making communications. Comix Founded in 1994 in Napoli, the Italian School of Comix has quickly become an im - portant institution for the training of professionals working in the field of visual communication thanks to the vast choice of courses it offers in drawing and illus - tration. In recent years web design, graphic design, cartoon animation and 3D de - sign classes have been added. On of the strengths of the school is its synergy with the producing laboratory, a fac - tory that gives students the chance to see how works are created and watch top pro - fessionals at work. The initiative shows how Comix’s interest is not only on comic illustration (the originary focus of the school) but also on rapidly developing areas, such as cartooning. This interaction has helped many talents emerge and be em - ployed in the creative industry.

Training for Performing Arts Università Popolare dello Spettacolo The People’s University for Performing Arts was founded in 1980 and is the oldest theatre regional school. It was conceived by Eduardo De Filippo and christened by Luigi Zampa, Max Serato, Silvana Pampanini and Turi Ferro. The University has re - ceived several awards and, in addition to teaching, it hosts important publishing and cultural activities as shown by its cultural exchanges with Italian and foreign struc - Theatre tures. Accademia d’Arte Drammatica del Teatro Bellini The Bellini Theatre’s Academy of Dramatic Arts was founded in 1990 by the mas - ter Tato Russo, artistic director of the Theatre. The Academy’s purpose is to train professional actors, combining the rich tradition of the Neapolitan theater with the needs and demands of the theater in Neapolitan language. Scuola di Cinema Pigrecoemme The Pigrecoemme Cinema School provides classes in audiovisual studies . It has been operating for years, employing experts in the world of film and communication in its teaching staff. The School’s purpose is to disseminate film culture and provide stu - dents with the tools for to understand and produce audiovisual materials , also initi - ating them to the professions of film and audiovisual production.

31 Creative Ecosystem - 4. Capacity Building

Theatre Teatro di San Carlo Since 1812, the backbone of the Teatro San Carlo has been its prestigious ballet school. This is a world-class training institution, and the only one active in South - ern Italy. The school specializes in disciplines such as the repertoire of ballet, mod - ern dance, history and music theory, singing opera and solfeggio. Centro Regionale della Danza Lyceum di Napoli Mara Fusco’s ballet school has been active for 40 years in the training of. In 1974, Fusco also founded the Society of Mara Fusco Ballet, which later became the Bal - let of Napoli - Regional Dance Company, recognized by the Campania Regional Authority as a major Regional institution. The school is active in Italy and abroad with recognized programs of high cultural value and artistic. Movimento Danza – Ente di promozione nazionale The Cultural Association of Dance Movement - National Promotion Institution, has been operating for twenty-five years on the national territory and abroad, through events aimed at developing and promoting dance. The Movement Dance Company was founded in 1984 by choreographer Gabriella Statius.

32 ytellingLibrerieBibliotecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioni eInformazioneDidatticaUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiP aturaPercorsiStorieLeggendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImm otecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriP aUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontri gendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioni cazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRime SperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontriComunitàEditoriA thosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioniStorytellin mozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRimeLeggendeInformazione ReteStiliEventiPresentazioniI riComunitàEditoriAutoriLetteraturaP saggiP ramiImmaginiLi ridazioniStorytellingLibrerieBiblio ioniSc Poesia eggendeInformazioneDidatticaU resent riC iLetteraturaPercorsiStorieLe magini brerieBibliotecheIspirazioniE DidatticaUniversitàLaborat ellin rieLeggendeInnovazione eInfor EvocazioniSuggest tellingLibr erat eInformazione Sperimentazione Creative Ecosystem - 5. Clustering for Creativity eraturaPercorsi hosPathosPaes bliotecheIspira mozioniNar tticaUniversit ReteStiliEventiP ge d ggiPanoramiIm razioniScrittoriLib ntiPresentazioniIncont miImmaginiLinguaggi ioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccon sentazioniIncontri munitàE maginiLingu briPoesiaR ontriC ggiIb ytellingLib deInformazione er

5. Clustering for creativity: Building Awareness

Social Media: the Participation Strategy In February 2010, a social media platform constituted by a blog and a Facebook page was launched to promote the inclusion of Napoli in the UNESCO Creative Cities Network, and maximize awareness of the initiative through sharing and par - ticipation. In less than one year the organizing committee has transparently and ef - fectively attracted support from more than 15.000 subjects. Among these are: Participation over 90% of the Neapolitan cultural operators; over 400 bookshops from all over the country; over 300 libraries from all over the country; over 200 publishing houses from all over the country; over 150 cultural institutions and associations from all over the country; as well as thousands of Italian writers, scholars and readers.

Clustering Without Borders Official partnerships with many operators from Italian and international cultural in - stitutions have been established to promote common projects: Edinburgh UNESCO City of Literature, Federculture, Mantova Literature Festival, Viaggio (Rome) Liter - ature Festival, Campania Journalist Association, Ravello Festival, Campania Inno - Creative vazione, COMICON, Napoli Film Festival, Napoli Teatro Festival and AIESEC Placemaking Association (an international network of students of economics counting more than 800.000 members).

Professional Associations in the Creative Sector The partnership with Campania Journalist Association , that endorses the project of Napoli City of Literature, includes a programmatic agreement, stipulated with its Chairman, to disseminate and advertise any initiative connected to promoting bid- related literature and creative economy. The project is likewise endorsed by Editori di Confindustria Campania (the regional section of The Confederation of Italian Publishers ), l’Associazione Italiana Editori sezione Campania (the regional sec - tion of the Italian Publishers Association), as well as Associazione Nazionale Li - brai (the Association of National Booksellers), whose President – Paolo Pisanti - is also from Napoli . Campania Film Commission also plays an important role in this cultural clustering. Established in September 2004 by the Campania Regional Council, every year the Re - gional Film Commission advises for over fifty Italian and foreign productions.

33 Creative Ecosystem - 5. Clustering for Creativity

Media Landscape Traditional media are deeply rooted in the local and national communication system. A large number of national newspapers have their editorial offices in Napoli, such as Il Corriere della Sera - Corriere del Mezzogiorno and La Repubblica , whereas local news - papers are Il Mattino , which is distributed all over the country with an average cir - culation of 150.000 copies per day, and Il Roma (with a culture section of 4 pages/day). The widespread circulation of information is also guaranteed by the web pages of these newspapers receiving an estimate of a million visits a day. Knowledge Il Mattino , whose cultural history is over 100 years old, has published articles by the best Italian writers and journalists, the first one being Matilde Serao. The publish - ing groups also edit quality books that are largely distributed through newsstands. There exist also interesting cultural paper and digital magazines that enrich the lit - erary and cultural life of the city: Espresso Napoletano and Napoli on the Road publish on Neapolitan culture and traditions, reaching a community of more than 300.000 readers. As regards television, Napoli hosts the RAI (Radiotelevisione Italiana: the national inspired by literary works. ‘Lo scaffale’ (“The shelf”) airs on the third RAI channel. It is a weekly book pro - gramme edited by the Neapolitan writing staff that is broadcast nationally on RAI’s satellite channel. The national radio network Radio Kiss Kiss, along with a large number of local and regional stations, broadcasts cultural programmes hosting dedicated literary seg - ments. The institutional circuit of communication is composed by the web pages of the two most relevant platforms of the Public Administration: the page of the City of Napoli, which provides users with an up-to-date agenda of the cultural events held in the city and with the complete list of local cultural operators, and the page of the Regional Authority which reports the regional cultural offer. The Faculty of Letters of Federico II University promotes the TAG Campania proj - ect which thoroughly maps the regional cultural offer and presents a list of the re - gional cultural operators, uploading both of these voices to a single database that facilitates tourist access and consultation.

34 ytellingLibrerieBibliotecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioni eInformazioneDidatticaUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiP aturaPercorsiStorieLeggendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImm otecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriP aUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontri gendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioni cazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRime SperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontriComunitàEditoriA thosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioniStorytellin mozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRimeLeggendeInformazione ReteStiliEventiPresentazioniI riComunitàEditoriAutoriLetteraturaP saggiP ramiImmaginiLi ridazioniStorytellingLibrerieBiblio ioniSc Poesia eggendeInformazioneDidatticaU resent riC iLetteraturaPercorsiStorieLe magini brerieBibliotecheIspirazioniE DidatticaUniversitàLaborat ellin rieLeggendeInnovazione eInfor EvocazioniSuggest tellingLibr erat eInformazione Sperimentazione eraturaPercorsi hosPathosPaes bliotecheIspira mozioniNar tticaUniversit ReteStiliEventiP ge d ggiPanoramiIm razioniScrittoriLib ntiPresentazioniIncont miImmaginiLinguaggi ioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccon sentazioniIncontri munitàE maginiLingu briPoesiaR ontriC ggiIb ytellingLib deInformazione er

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6. The ‘Map’ of Napoli City of Literature 10. Linguistic Treasures Mapping the Creative City of Literature Between Creative Borders: the Neapolitan (Creative) Idiom 7. Book Industry Linguistic Heritage Book Quarter and ‘City of Books’ Neapolitan (and) Literature Typography: printing book history across Neapolitan Grammar the centuries Literature in Music: Lyrics Writers Bookbinding: Tradition and Innovation Spreading ‘Musical Literature’ Publishing: Cultural C harm between John Turturro’s Passion: a Tribute to Art and Craftmanship Neapolitan Music Bookshopping Paths: Independent and The Music Archive in Napoli Low Cost Neapolitan Theatre (and) Literature The origins 8. Reader-Friendly City The Iconic Character: Pulcinella ‘City Libraries Network Main Authors of the XX Century Napoli National Library Monastic Libraries 11. Literary Events University Libraries Living Culture Music Libraries Market-oriented Convention Science Libraries Literary Contests and Awards Bibliodiversity 9. Writer-Friendly City It’s Raining Literature Inspiration Land The Electronic Literature Writers in Residence The Grand Tour Experience Literary Reporters Bestselling’ the City Beyond Language Bor - ders Telling the City Napoli (Hi)Story The XXth Century Contemporary Authors Collective Writing Community

6. The ‘Map’ of Napoli City of Literature

Mapping the Creative City of Literature Napoli City of Literature is an example of a cultural district built according to the Participation characteristics and themes included by UNESCO in the Creative City parameters with reference to the City of Literature, a group that now includes Edinburgh, Mel - bourne, Iowa City, Dublin and Reykjavik. The Creative City is a dynamic model built on interconnected circuits, able to relate cultural and material heritage, education, social and economic development. The circuits of Napoli City of Literature:

Non Fiction Classic Literary Authors 7 Authors Itineraries 6 Literary On-line Places Writing Lab http://napolicittadellaletteratura.wordpress.com Literary Typography Monuments Writing Contemporary District THE MAP Groups Writers 8 Public Spaces Foreign Cultures 1 Publishers Institutes Public Transport Sea & Pop-up Remainders Wind Bookshops Antiquarian Libraries Myths & Bookshops Web Landscapes Legends BookShops ‘Book Vesuvius Fairs & Innovation Associations Events Centres Quarter’ Earth Universities & Fire 2 Literary Awards Publishing Fiction Poetry Booksellers Schools Newspapers Television Travel Cultural Events Humour Theatre Literature Songs

Cultural 4 5 3 Bookclubs Centres

Business Instruction Narratives Storytellers 1 Trade 3 Education 5 Intangible 7 Voices Heritage

Communication Relations Paths Dissemination 2 Information 4 Cultural and Creative 6 Places, Experiences, 8 Meeting Points Concept & Graphics: Exchanges Inspiration Claudio Calveri

1. Business/Trade The free and commercial distribution network of editorial products, including li - braries, bookstores, used book markets and online platforms. 2. Communication/Information The circuit of information on the activities and outputs of the publishing industry, from traditional to new media.

39 Literary Landscapes - 6.The ‘Map’ of Napoli City of Literature

3. Instruction/Education Including schools, universities and various forms of projects - institutional and oth - Creative Placemaking erwise – this sector promotes education and reading awareness. 4. Relations/Cultural and Creative Exchanges The circuits of cross-cultural trades and international contacts in general. 5. Narratives/Intangible Heritage The texts that, through the centuries, have defined Napoli’ identity, as well as more contemporary ones which envision ways to renew it. 6. Paths/Places, Experiences, Inspirations The tangible heritage - monuments, historical, environmental, anthropological - that Knowledge has characterized and inspired art creative production to this day. 7. Storytellers/Voices The voices that have narrated and still narrate the city, incessantly describing and reinventing it through the creative language of literature. 8. Dissemination/Meeting Point Hubs and networks for the dissemination of books and literature, where books and book lovers meet each other.

40 ytellingLibrerieBibliotecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioni eInformazioneDidatticaUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiP aturaPercorsiStorieLeggendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImm otecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriP aUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontri gendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioni cazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRime SperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontriComunitàEditoriA thosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioniStorytellin mozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRimeLeggendeInformazione ReteStiliEventiPresentazioniI riComunitàEditoriAutoriLetteraturaP saggiP ramiImmaginiLi ridazioniStorytellingLibrerieBiblio ioniSc Poesia eggendeInformazioneDidatticaU resent riC iLetteraturaPercorsiStorieLe magini brerieBibliotecheIspirazioniE DidatticaUniversitàLaborat ellin rieLeggendeInnovazione eInfor EvocazioniSuggest tellingLibr erat eInformazione Sperimentazione Literary Landscapes - 7. Book Industry eraturaPercorsi hosPathosPaes bliotecheIspira mozioniNar tticaUniversit ReteStiliEventiP ge d ggiPanoramiIm razioniScrittoriLib ntiPresentazioniIncont miImmaginiLinguaggi ioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccon sentazioniIncontri munitàE maginiLingu briPoesiaR ontriC ggiIb ytellingLib deInformazione er

7. Book Industry

Book Quarter and ‘City of Books’ Napoli is among the few cities in the world to have a ‘Book Quarter’. The Quarter, which was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, is located in the city’s his - Creative torical centre and populated with more than 60 book shops and antiquarian book Placemaking shops, over 20 printing houses, 20 bookbinderies, as well as publishing houses and literary cafes. Some of these activities have kept the cultural life of this area alive for more than a century. According to a 2011 report by Confindustria Campania, a map has been realized of the cultural industries active in the city’s centre. The research focuses on production and distribution companies specializing in the performing arts, such as theatre, music, opera, dance, and visual arts, as well as on laboratories, galleries, museums, and on cultural content industries (film, publishing, media). It also locates the equipment for the dissemination of knowledge (universities, schools, centres and research institu - Theatre tions, archives and libraries) and the cultural associations that operate within the boundaries of the UNESCO site. The paper identifies 22 schools, 5 universities, 15 institutions and cultural centres, 7 libraries and archives, 30 museums, 15 theatres, 7cinema houses, 27 galleries and studios, 19 music and dance schools, 60 libraries and 14 publishers, 37 cultural associations and 2 business incubators centres. Furthermore, thanks to the funding of 39 million € from the central Government, a new regional production district in the publishing sector, named ‘Città del Libro’ (Book City), is currently under construction.

Typography: printing book history across the centuries Napoli’s typographic tradition began in 1471 on account of Gutenberg’s ‘disciple’ von Riessinger who imported modern printing techniques from Magonza and ini - tiated the Neapolitan school of the so-called ‘Black Art’ (in typographic, not esoteric terms). At the time, the production of books was, however, an already consolidated activity, practiced by the amanuenses at local churches since 1200. The ancient roots of the Neapolitan typographic industry have played an essential role, being an instrument of cultural transmission, production and dissemination of knowledge. The origins of this practice can be traced to the private and public trends of book collection that have taken place through the centuries. A number of renowned figures have animated the Neapolitan typographic tradi - tion. Among them are Arnaldo de Bruxelles, who, in the fifteenth century brought to Napoli the secrets of ‘artificialiter’ writing, Antonio Bulifon and Secondino Roncagliolo (seventeenth century), Felice Mosca and Giovanni Gravier (eighteenth century), Giuseppe Porcelli and many others.

41 Literary Landscapes - 7. Book Industry

Among the most important works published in Napoli in the past centuries are the Lectio super prima et secunda parte Codicis by von Riessinger (1471) - the first book to be published in the city – ‘Editio princeps’ of the Arcadia by Jacopo Sannazzaro (1504) and Avisi et relazioni di tutte le parti del mondo (1674), the first Neapolitan gazette by of Ludovico Cavallo. The Royal Typography began its activities in 1750.

Bookbinding: Tradition and Innovation The creative economy sector in Napoli includes many traditional librarian special - izations, such as book and manuscript restoration and preservation. Bookbinding is likewise a very old and traditional art that today is kept alive by tens of small shops, mostly located in the area extending between the two decumans, the roads that geo - metrically intersect the urban plan of the city’s historical center.

Publishing: Cultural C harm between Art and Craftmanship Due to the presence of the University and many church orders dedicated to the preservation of knowledge, Napoli’ publishing history is almost one thousand years old. More than 60 publishers are active in the city. Many of them are publishers-

Content booksellers who have won prestigious awards and embody a tradition of high qual - Making ity literary culture that has endured the passage of time (Pironti, Guida, Intra Moenia, Colonnese, Dante & Descartes ecc.). The bookseller-publisher tradition began in 1672, when the French Bulifon Anto - nio, moved to Napoli and opened a library in Via San Biagio where, among other things, he sold books printed by himself. Tullio Pironti was the first Italian publisher to translate the works of Raymond Carver and Naguib Mahfouz, the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1988. Important spaces in the city are dedicated to the publishing niche. Electa is the largest Italian publisher specializing in works on art, architecture, photography, de - sign and archeology. D’If publisher, in spite of its small dimensions, is one of the most qualified pub - lishing houses in Italy. Academic Literature As regards the university press, Simone holds a prominent place in the Italian mar - ket. The publication of scientific papers started in 79 AD with Pliny the Elder, who recorded the eruption of mount Vesuvius and the ensuing destruction of Pompeii, Herculaneum and Stabiae. Other key scientific texts printed in Napoli were Naturalis Magia by Giovanni Bat - tista della Porta (1589); Phytobasanos , the first work with botanical copperplate (in - stead of wooden) engravings (1592); Dell’Historia naturae books XXVIII , an annotated

42 ytellingLibrerieBibliotecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioni eInformazioneDidatticaUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiP aturaPercorsiStorieLeggendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImm otecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriP aUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontri gendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioni cazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRime SperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontriComunitàEditoriA thosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioniStorytellin mozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRimeLeggendeInformazione ReteStiliEventiPresentazioniI riComunitàEditoriAutoriLetteraturaP saggiP ramiImmaginiLi ridazioniStorytellingLibrerieBiblio ioniSc Poesia eggendeInformazioneDidatticaU resent riC iLetteraturaPercorsiStorieLe magini brerieBibliotecheIspirazioniE DidatticaUniversitàLaborat ellin rieLeggendeInnovazione eInfor EvocazioniSuggest tellingLibr erat eInformazione Sperimentazione Literary Landscapes - 7. Book Industry eraturaPercorsi hosPathosPaes bliotecheIspira mozioniNar tticaUniversit ReteStiliEventiP ge d ggiPanoramiIm razioniScrittoriLib ntiPresentazioniIncont miImmaginiLinguaggi ioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccon sentazioniIncontri munitàE maginiLingu briPoesiaR ontriC ggiIb ytellingLib deInformazione er

catalogue of minerals, fossils and plants by the pharmacist and naturalist Ferrante Imparato (1599); Statices Elementa by Nicola De Martino, a text dedicated to Newton’s theories; one of the most important Atlas Maritime (1792) and Geometria di sito sul piano e nello spazio by Vincenzo Flauti (1815), the most famous Math book by Neapolitan scholars. Gastronomic literature Food culture is a relevant part of Napoli’s anthropological. Many historical texts about gastronomy were written and printed in Napoli. Among the most important ones is the first publication of the recipe for ‘pastiera’ (typical Neapolitan cake) by Content Making Vincenzo Corrado (1765) and some years later (1795) the Treaty on coffee by the same chef, a celebrity of the eighteenth century. The publication of Cucina teorico pratica by Ippolito Cavalcanti, Duke of Buonvicino, dates back to 1837. Even today the gastronomic literature and the history of gastronomy are a major focus of national and local publications. One of the greatest experts in the field is Lejla Mancusi, author of over twenty books dedicated to the Neapolitan culinary tra - dition and innovation. There are also many blogs - followed by tens of thousands of users at the national level - dedicated to cooking. Among the most important ones is Angie Cafiero blog, where the author writes about cooking and storytelling, having also invented the format of peculiar ‘gastronomic interviews’ to writers.

Bookshopping Paths: Independent and Low Cost Creative According to ALI (the Association of Italian Booksellers) in Napoli there exist more Placemaking than 100 bookshops, many of which are thematic and independent and the major - ity of which, as it has been said, operate in the historical centre of the city. A variety of book markets also animate the main streets of the city, such as the one that can be found in Via Scarlatti in the Vomero neighbourhood (according to the last official census the city’s most populated neighbourhood, as well as the one with the highest education rate) already a characteristic element of the urban landscape. The strong and widespread presence of used books markets aids in the circulation of an alternative circuit of distribution that often helps shoppers finding books at very cheap prices. There exists also a high number of antiquarian bookshops in Napoli. ALI reports more than 40 ones.

43 Literary Landscapes - 8. Reader-Friendly City

8. Reader-Friendly City

‘Reader Friendly City’ Napoli ’s extraordinary wealth of archives and libraries can be considered among the most important cultural legacies produced by the role of capital, administrative and intellectual centre that the city has held through history. Significant, then, is the amount and variety of public and private libraries that has lend Napoli a status of relevance in the European cultural scenario since the eigh - teenth century. A strong presence of books and documents has also developed thanks to the research and editorial activities practiced at the Universities, which have been a breeding ground for intellectual formation and the transmission of Knowledge knowledge.

City Libraries Network According to ICCU (the National Catalogue of Italian Libraries and Bibliographic Information) there exist about 500 libraries in Napoli, 48% of Campania’s total (1.013). An estimate of Napoli’ library system counts more than ten million volumes. Participation Since March 2009, a project has been launched to promote reading and revitalize the network of 12 city libraries. In 2010, this strategy expanded with the creation of BiblioNapoliCard that helps members benefit from the library network while bring - ing together different cultural offers through the launch of special agreements with museums, theatres etc.

Napoli National Library The National library, which is invested with the title of national monument, repre - sents the city’s pride. The Library was founded at the end of the 18th century when, according to a royal decree, the book collections housed at the Royal Palace of Capodimonte were moved to the Palazzo degli Studi, the building that currently houses the Archeological Museum. Among the collections figured the Farnese library which Carlo of Bourbon, Elisa - betta Farnese’s son and heir, had had moved to Napoli in 1734. The library’s offi - cial location has been the same since 1784 and is located within the architectural body of the Royal Palace. According to the press regulations, the National Library is one of the few locations, along with Roma and Firenze’s libraries, that must legally store texts. Among the stored texts are books dating back to the 1000s that are shown to the public during special events. A very important section of the National Library is devoted to the study of the Pa - pyri, the remains of a Greek and Latin library excavated at the Pisos in Hercula -

44 ytellingLibrerieBibliotecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioni eInformazioneDidatticaUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiP aturaPercorsiStorieLeggendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImm otecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriP aUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontri gendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioni cazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRime SperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontriComunitàEditoriA thosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioniStorytellin mozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRimeLeggendeInformazione ReteStiliEventiPresentazioniI riComunitàEditoriAutoriLetteraturaP saggiP ramiImmaginiLi ridazioniStorytellingLibrerieBiblio ioniSc Poesia eggendeInformazioneDidatticaU resent riC iLetteraturaPercorsiStorieLe magini brerieBibliotecheIspirazioniE DidatticaUniversitàLaborat ellin rieLeggendeInnovazione eInfor EvocazioniSuggest tellingLibr erat eInformazione Sperimentazione Literary Landscapes - 8. Reader-Friendly City eraturaPercorsi hosPathosPaes bliotecheIspira mozioniNar tticaUniversit ReteStiliEventiP ge d ggiPanoramiIm razioniScrittoriLib ntiPresentazioniIncont miImmaginiLinguaggi ioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccon sentazioniIncontri munitàE maginiLingu briPoesiaR ontriC ggiIb ytellingLib deInformazione er

neum. The Library’s manuscript section preserves rare and precious bibliographic masterpieces the likes of items from the Farnese Coptic scrolls, oriental and Greek manuscripts from the atlases, as well as collections of personal letters by Giacomo Leopardi.

Monastic Libraries The monastic libraries, founded between 1500 and 1600 and located in every neigh - bourhood, represent the city’s ancient centres of reading and studying. Some of them are open to the public, like those of the SS. Apostles of Santa Maria La Nova and San Giorgio Maggiore, the old St. Ephrem, St.Agostino alla Zecca, Santa Cate - rina in Formello, Santa Teresa a Chiaia, St. Peter Martyr, San Lorenzo Maggiore, the Pii Operari Convent of St. Nicholas of Charity, St. Augustine Major, the Carmine Maggiore, the Convent of San Domenico where Giordano Bruno and Tommaso Campanella were educated. Relevant are also the Society of Jesus libraries, located in different parts of the city and visited by foreign travellers over the centuries.

University Libraries Universities contribute to Napoli’ book legacy with over five millions volumes, housed among libraries disseminated across the city. The Libraries of the University of Napoli L’Orientale offer a unique overview on literary and cultural productions from around the world. The international section of the library is dedicated to: Multiculturalism • Asian Studies - 230,000 volumes (60% in Western languages and 40% in Asian languages); 2,000 journals (1,300 current), 350 manuscripts, over 500 units of mi - crofilm, microfiche, and audiovisual materials; • Studies of Classical and Ancient Mediterranean World - The library is highly spe - cialized and divided into three sections: philology, archaeology and linguistics. 33,000 volumes, including monographs and periodicals are stored there; • Studies and Research on Africa and Arab countries - 30,000 books divided by cul - tural areas: Arab Studies, Berberistica, Egyptology, History of the African conti - nent, African Linguistics, as well as the Etiopistica interareale section that includes general works and consultation relating to Ethiopian history and culture; • American, Cultural and Linguistic Studies - The library has a very large collection of books, focusing on sections of Brazilian, French-Canadian, Anglo-American, Spanish-American, linguistic and cultural studies; • Europe - The European Library, resulted from the unification of the libraries of the departments of Comparative Studies, Literary and Language Studies in Europe and Eastern Europe. It has about 280,000 volumes and 2350 periodicals. The sub - jects cover Comparative, French Studies, Germanic, Iberian, Italian Studies, Dutch, Nordic Studies and related historical and cultural sectors;

45 Literary Landscapes - 8. Reader-Friendly City

• For Eastern Europe the areas of interest in various literary aspects, language and history are: Balcanistica and South East European Studies (University Bizantinistica and Hellenic, Illyrian and Albanian Studies, University of the South Slavs), Slavic, Baltic Studies, the University of Finno-Hungarian Studies in Russia and the USSR, Soviet and post-Soviet, Experimental Phonetics.

Music Libraries The main library dedicated to music is the Quadreria dei Gerolamini’s, one of the most beautiful and famous Neapolitan libraries - which also preserves a priceless archive of musical works from the XVII-XVIII centuries; Salvatore Di Giacomo worked here in his youth. The specialized library of the Conservatory of Music in St. Pietro a Majella in Port’Alba is a point of reference for musicians, scholars and researchers around the world and a must for the study of eighteenth-century Neapolitan School music. The archive of Conservatorio della Pietà dei Turchini, established in the late eighteenth century by Saverio Mattei, renowned biblical scholar and “regional representative,” Knowledge collects autographs, music, theatre and comedy doocuments, comic opera librettos and music. It houses ancient madrigals, as well as vocal and instrumental music by Durante, Chopin, Vinci, Pergolesi, Hendel, Marcello, Paisiello.

Science Libraries The Library of the Astronomical Observatory at Capodimonte features rare astro - nomical atlases and a Keplerian editio princeps, as well as rare Galilean texts. The Library of the Botanical Garden , founded by Michele Tenore - author of the ‘Flora Neapolitana’ -embellished with a collection of ancient and very rare herbar - ium. The library of the Vesuvius Observatory, inaugurated by Macedonio Melloni in 1845 on the occasion of the VII Congress Italian scientists, hosts exquisite works of vol - canology, seismology and meteorology from the private collection of Teodoro Pon - ticelli. The rich heritage of the Library of the Zoological Station A.Dohrn in Napoli – 800.000 texts – hosts magazines, periodicals, pamphlets and scientific statements re - lating to marine biology and has held, since its early years, an international forum. Indeed, thanks to Anton Dohrn’s tireless work, the forum’s catalogue and subse - quent updates have been printed in Leipzig. Today the library’s highly qualified staff operates within a network of sites that exchanges data and bibliographic informa - tion. The Library of Castel Capuano is one of the leading libraries of Europe for legal texts: 70,000 volumes, 55 manuscripts and autographs of 1100 documents by

46 ytellingLibrerieBibliotecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioni eInformazioneDidatticaUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiP aturaPercorsiStorieLeggendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImm otecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriP aUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontri gendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioni cazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRime SperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontriComunitàEditoriA thosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioniStorytellin mozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRimeLeggendeInformazione ReteStiliEventiPresentazioniI riComunitàEditoriAutoriLetteraturaP saggiP ramiImmaginiLi ridazioniStorytellingLibrerieBiblio ioniSc Poesia eggendeInformazioneDidatticaU resent riC iLetteraturaPercorsiStorieLe magini brerieBibliotecheIspirazioniE DidatticaUniversitàLaborat ellin rieLeggendeInnovazione eInfor EvocazioniSuggest tellingLibr erat eInformazione Sperimentazione Literary Landscapes - 8. Reader-Friendly City eraturaPercorsi hosPathosPaes bliotecheIspira mozioniNar tticaUniversit ReteStiliEventiP ge d ggiPanoramiIm razioniScrittoriLib ntiPresentazioniIncont miImmaginiLinguaggi ioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccon sentazioniIncontri munitàE maginiLingu briPoesiaR ontriC ggiIb ytellingLib deInformazione er

Neapolitan and French lawyers. It contains valuable texts from the sixteenth, sev - enteenth and eighteenth centuries. Hemeroteca Tucci, a reference point for the history of Italian journalism, preserves more than 20.000 books and texts relating to reporting.

47 Literary Landscapes - 9. Writer-Friendly City

9. Writer-Friendly City

Inspiration Land The Neapolitan landscape and culture have inspired literary works of excellence. Upon the poet Virgil’s death in 19 BC, the Neapolitan legend of the poet-magician protector of Napoli is born. In fact, Virgil was closely connected to the city for most of his life. According to other legends and classical mythology, the Phlegraean Fields are a passage to the underworld, whereas the gulf extending in the shadow of Vesu - vius is where Ulysses’ sirens lived.

Content Making Writers in Residence The natural landscape, a multicultural imprint, a peculiar urban formation, histori - cal events, different cultural stimuli provide a supply of creative ideas which make Napoli a source of unending inspiration, as attested by countless literary and non lit - erary works that celebrate it. During the centuries, many non-Neapolitan authors have elected the city as their new home, among these are Vergilius, Dante, Boccaccio, Petrarca, Leopardi, Marinetti. Napoli claims a tradition of ‘creative and inspiring hospitality’ that con - tinues today, as demonstrated by the novel L’albergo dei poveri written by the renowned Moroccan writer Tahar Ben Jalloun and inspired by his stay in the city.

The Grand Tour Experience In the 18th century, Napoli was one of the designated stops in the cultural itinerary among monuments, history and traditions that was known as ‘The Grand Tour.’ The tour was a path of election and cultural elevation that left indelible traces - with a special reference to the city - in the works and words of Montesquieu, Goethe, Gon - zaga, Lady Morgan/ De Stael, Chateaubriand, Lamartine/ Ruskin, Gregorovius, Multiculturalism Dickens, Melville.

Literary Reporters How to explain Napoli ’s constantly evolving dynamics that unfolds through histor - ical events, vicissitudes and traditions rooted in the cultural matrix of its heritage? A number of journalistic inquiries has been devoted, all over the world, to the mys - tery of a city living between past and present, heaven and hell, in light of the saying that describes it as a “paradise inhabited by devils.” Among such inquiries emerge the literary works of the most celebrated authors of world literature which have given their personal interpretation of the city extending at the foot of Mount Vesu - vius: Guy De Maupassant, Checov, Mistral, Herling, D’Annunzio, Zola, Gide, Henry James, Maksim Gorki, Sartre, John Fante, Pier Paolo Pasolini.

48 ytellingLibrerieBibliotecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioni eInformazioneDidatticaUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiP aturaPercorsiStorieLeggendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImm otecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriP aUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontri gendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioni cazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRime SperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontriComunitàEditoriA thosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioniStorytellin mozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRimeLeggendeInformazione ReteStiliEventiPresentazioniI riComunitàEditoriAutoriLetteraturaP saggiP ramiImmaginiLi ridazioniStorytellingLibrerieBiblio ioniSc Poesia eggendeInformazioneDidatticaU resent riC iLetteraturaPercorsiStorieLe magini brerieBibliotecheIspirazioniE DidatticaUniversitàLaborat ellin rieLeggendeInnovazione eInfor EvocazioniSuggest tellingLibr erat eInformazione Sperimentazione Literary Landscapes - 9. Writer-Friendly City eraturaPercorsi hosPathosPaes bliotecheIspira mozioniNar tticaUniversit ReteStiliEventiP ge d ggiPanoramiIm razioniScrittoriLib ntiPresentazioniIncont miImmaginiLinguaggi ioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccon sentazioniIncontri munitàE maginiLingu briPoesiaR ontriC ggiIb ytellingLib deInformazione er

Bestselling’ the City Beyond Language Borders Italian, in spite of being the language of acclaimed cultural works and the ‘official’ language of grand opera, limits the dissemination of literary works, restricting their potential fruition to a little more than 100 million readers all over the world. How - Multiculturalism ever, the voices of many Neapolitan authors have risen with authority and credibil - ity to be heard all over the world, inspiring translations in many languages and through the centuries.

Telling the City Prestigious translations have been made of Pontano, Sannazzaro and Torquato Tasso’s poetry, as well as of the famous ‘guides’ of Napoli that focused on the urban reality, often turning into encyclopaedic tales about the multifarious history which places Napoli at the heart of the imaginative legacy of humanity. These publica - tions have been honoured with translations in Spanish, French, English and German at a time when editing a text was a true adventure. Among the most important ones are Capecelatro’s guide Del bello, dell’antico e del curioso ..., as well as Pompeo Sarnelli’s guide which is known all over the world.

Napoli (Hi)Story Napoli’ history is replete with novelistic tones that tell about revolutions, conquests and cultural uprisings. Giannone, Vico and Cuoco recorded anecdotes and events with memorable mastery, acquiring international fame. Such stories often saved a Content special place for narrations dealing with the moral and civil degradation of the city Making that other famous authors, such as Croce, Mastriani, Fucini and Munthe, turned into international literary tropes. Also Foscolo, Dumas and Stendhal are some of the non Neapolitan authors which wrote a history of the city.

The XXth Century Matilde Serao is one of the most prominent figures of the Neapolitan cultural land - scape. Already at the end of the 19th century, she founded Napoli’s most important newspaper, Il Mattino , leaving a mark on the literary fate of the city. Napoli was also an important geographical and cultural reference for the Futurism cultural movement. Filippo Tommaso Marinetti often came to the city to organize, with the Neapolitan Futurist author Cangiullo, literary campaigns and cultural events. Since the end of World War II, a number of books, sold abroad, have redefined the image of Napoli as world’s literary heritage. Among these are Curzio Malaparte “The Skin” (“La Pelle”), Giuseppe Marotta “Neapolitan Gold” (“L’Oro di Napoli”), as well as works by Domenico Rea, Michele Prisco, Anna Maria Ortese and Luigi Com - pagnone.

49 Literary Landscapes - 9. Writer-Friendly City

WorldwideTranslated Masterpieces: L’oro di Napoli (Neapolitan Gold ) by Giuseppe Marotta (1947) Spaccanapoli (Spaccanapoli ) by Domenico Rea (1947) La pelle (The Skin ) by Curzio Malaparte (1949) La provincia addormentata by Michele Prisco (1949) Il mare non bagna Napoli by Anna Maria Ortese (1953) Ferito a morte (The Mortal Wound ) by Raffaele La Capria (1961) Il resto di niente (Rien de rien ) by Enzo Striano (1986)

Contemporary Authors Many contemporary Neapolitan authors are published by national publishers as well as translated in different languages and assigned prestigious literary awards. Among Content these are Ermanno Rea, Jean Noel Schifano (of French origin but of Neapolitan Making adoption, having dedicated many novels to Napoli in both Italian and French), Do - menico Starnone, Erri De Luca, Peppe Lanzetta, Diego de Silva, Maurizio Braucci, Giuseppe Montesano, Antonio Pascale, Francesco Piccolo, Antonella Cilento, Vale - ria Parrella, Francesco Durante, Maurizio de Giovanni, Roberto Saviano. Roberto Saviano In March 2006, Saviano published his first novel – Gomorrah – a journey into the world of criminal mafia business as it unfolds where the author was born and used to live. In August 2009, the book, translated in 52 languages, had sold over 2.5 mil - lion copies in Italy alone. In the rest of the world, Gomorrah has sold 3 million copies. it figures in the best seller lists of Germany, Holland, Belgium, Spain, France, Swe - den, Finland, Lithuania, Albania, Israel, Lebanon and Austria. Gomorrah has also become a play, which earned Saviano the Olympic Theatre 2008 award as best new Italian author, and a movie that won the prestigious Cannes Film Festival Special Jury Grand Prix. Maurizio Braucci Braucci, writer, poet and filmmaker, promoter of creative and literary laboratories that fight marginality in suburban schools and prisons, is the author of several nov - els. The Dead Sea (1999) is his first work of fiction, translated into English and French. Maurizio De Giovanni De Giovanni has won several literary awards dedicated to the noir genre (like Pre - mio Camaiore and Corpi Freddi). His of novels, devoted to the Commissioner Ric - ciardi and set in Napoli during the fascist period, are also published in Germany, France, Spain, UK . Erri De Luca Recently described as “the writer of the decade” by the literary critic of the “Cor - riere della Sera” (the leading Italian daily) Giorgio De Rienzo, De Luca is also a poet

50 ytellingLibrerieBibliotecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioni eInformazioneDidatticaUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiP aturaPercorsiStorieLeggendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImm otecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriP aUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontri gendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioni cazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRime SperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontriComunitàEditoriA thosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioniStorytellin mozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRimeLeggendeInformazione ReteStiliEventiPresentazioniI riComunitàEditoriAutoriLetteraturaP saggiP ramiImmaginiLi ridazioniStorytellingLibrerieBiblio ioniSc Poesia eggendeInformazioneDidatticaU resent riC iLetteraturaPercorsiStorieLe magini brerieBibliotecheIspirazioniE DidatticaUniversitàLaborat ellin rieLeggendeInnovazione eInfor EvocazioniSuggest tellingLibr erat eInformazione Sperimentazione Literary Landscapes - 9. Writer-Friendly City eraturaPercorsi hosPathosPaes bliotecheIspira mozioniNar tticaUniversit ReteStiliEventiP ge d ggiPanoramiIm razioniScrittoriLib ntiPresentazioniIncont miImmaginiLinguaggi ioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccon sentazioniIncontri munitàE maginiLingu briPoesiaR ontriC ggiIb ytellingLib deInformazione er

and translator. Regularly translated into French, Spanish, English, between 1994 and 2002 he was awarded the France Culture Prize for his novel Aceto , the Laure Batail - lon Prize for Three Horses and Femina Etranger Prize for Montedidio . Elena Ferrante Ferrante is a reclusive writer and not much is known on her true identity and cur - rent location. It has-been postulated that Elena Ferrante could be in fact a pen name for the Italian writer Domenico Starnone. Her best known works include The Lost Daughter and Troubled Love . Giuseppe Montesano Montesanto is a novelist, literary critic and translator (notably of works by Charles Baudelaire). To the French poet, he also dedicated the ‘critical fiction’ The rebel in pink gloves . Montesano won the Napoli Prize with A headlong and the Viareggio Prize with In this false life , both translated for the Spanish-speaking and French-speaking markets. Diego De Silva De Silva has published many novels, such as La donna di scorta (2001, Montblanc Award finalist); Some children (2001, winner of the selection Campiello, Brancati-Zaf - ferata, Fiesole, Bergamo and Viareggio Prize finalist,); I want to watch (2002, winner of Pisa Award); Other meat (20 04, winner of Melfi Prize) and I did not understand (2007, Content Napoli prize, finalist prize Recanati; Strega Prize finalist in 2008). His books have Making been published in the UK, France, Spain, Germany, Holland, Portugal and Greece. Peppe Lanzetta Actor, playwright and author of many novels (translated into English and German), Lanzetta won the Domenico Rea Award in 2006 with the book Picasso June and the Frignano award in June 2011 with the novel Infernapoli . Valeria Parrella Parrella is a stage actress and short story writer. In 2003 she published the book of short stories Mosca + balena for which she was awarded the Campiello Prize for the best debut in 2004. Her stories are translated in Spanish, French and English . Antonio Pascale Pascale’s writing career began with a narrative report, The distracted city , which won the Sandro Onofri Prize and the Island of Procida - Elsa Morante award. In 2009, he published a new version of the report, Distracted return to the city , which enriched the original version with additional chapters. In 2003 Pascale published the short story collection Maintenance of the affections , with which he won numerous literary awards. In 2005 he published his first novel Passa la bellezza , winner of the Croce Award. The novel was translated into French. Domenico Starnone Starnone is a writer and screenwriter, winner of the Strega Prize in 2002 with the novel Via Gemito . He has been a high school teacher interested in the relationship

51 Literary Landscapes - 9. Writer-Friendly City

between orality and writing in teaching. His books have often been made into movies. Among them are like ‘The School’ by Daniele Luchetti and ‘Teeth’ by Content Gabriele Salvatores. Starnone’s books have been translated into several languages , in - Making cluding English and German.

Collective Writing Community Napoli, more than other Italian cities, hosts a very dynamic and interconnected writ - ing community. More than 500 authors publish with local and non local houses, an - Participation imating collective editorial projects promoted by important creative writing laboratories, such as Lalineascritta , Homo Scrivens (the first Italian writing com - pany), Achille Campanile’s comic writing laboratory. In 2009 “BookFactory” was founded. This is a permanent laboratory where writers coming from all over the country experiment with literary narration, producing books in an innovative lan - guage. The group counts more than 600 members.

52 ytellingLibrerieBibliotecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioni eInformazioneDidatticaUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiP aturaPercorsiStorieLeggendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImm otecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriP aUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontri gendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioni cazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRime SperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontriComunitàEditoriA thosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioniStorytellin mozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRimeLeggendeInformazione ReteStiliEventiPresentazioniI riComunitàEditoriAutoriLetteraturaP saggiP ramiImmaginiLi ridazioniStorytellingLibrerieBiblio ioniSc Poesia eggendeInformazioneDidatticaU resent riC iLetteraturaPercorsiStorieLe magini brerieBibliotecheIspirazioniE DidatticaUniversitàLaborat ellin rieLeggendeInnovazione eInfor EvocazioniSuggest tellingLibr erat eInformazione Sperimentazione Literary Landscapes - 10. Linguistic Treasures eraturaPercorsi hosPathosPaes bliotecheIspira mozioniNar tticaUniversit ReteStiliEventiP ge d ggiPanoramiIm razioniScrittoriLib ntiPresentazioniIncont miImmaginiLinguaggi ioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccon sentazioniIncontri munitàE maginiLingu briPoesiaR ontriC ggiIb ytellingLib deInformazione er

10 . Linguistic Treasures

Between Creative Borders: the Neapolitan (Creative) Idiom Narration is the core of the Neapolitan culture as well as of its soul. It is a practice that has found expression in literature, theatre, as well as in poetry and in music script, forming a huge immaterial, evocative and transdisciplinary legacy. Among the most impressive examples of hybrid texts that bring together literature, theatre and lyrico-musical transpositions are works by Ferdinando Russo, Salvatore Di Giacomo, Roberto Bracco, Raffaele Viviani, Libero Bovio, Eduardo de Filippo and Totò. The Neapolitan dialect represents the fundamental element of such works which au - thors the likes of Giulio Cesare Cortese, Basile and Galiani have elected as their lit - Content erary idiom. Making The common tool for these artists is certainly the Neapolitan language.

Linguistic Heritage UNESCO recognizes Neapolitan as a language, not a dialect, second only to Italian for its use among the national spoken languages. Surely Neapolitan is the most ex - ported Italic idiom, due to its use in cultural expression and classic song. Neapoli - tan song is indeed one of the greatest artistic expressions of Western culture that for more than a century has spread throughout the world the beauty of the Neapoli - tan idiom. In October 2008 the Regional Council of Campania Region approved a law draft en - titled “Protection and enhancement of the language of Napoli.” The resolution, however, expected to find appropriate structural solutions to enable young people to learn Neapolitan grammar, spelling and correct pronunciation.

Neapolitan (and) Literature The traditional Neapolitan language is the essential support of literature, poetry, Neapolitan song and drama, and became famous thanks to authors such as Gi - Multiculturalism ambattista Basile (1575-1632), who wrote important works in dialect, some of which are particularly popular tales such as Lo cunto de li cunti . The Italian philosopher Benedetto Croce, who translated the tale in Italian, defined it as “the oldest, the rich - est and most artistic of all books of fairy tales ....” The work respects the format of a medieval story, but it undergoes a transformation, which steers it towards the tones of a fairy folk. Neapolitan literature originated in De Balneis Puteolanis (by Peter of Eboli) and Regi - men Sanitatis , two poems translated in the 1200s from Latin poetry in the vernacular idiom of Napoli . Giulio Cesare Cortese (1570-1627ca), author of The Vajasseide (1604), is currently considered the father of Neapolitan literature. In the seventeenth-century,

53 Literary Landscapes - 10. Linguistic Treasures

Domenico Basile translated Pastor Fido in Neapolitan language, adapting the story by locating the plot in Porchiano, a small town near Napoli, instead of Arcadia.

Neapolitan Grammar An important source for the study of Neapolitan literature is a letter that the poet Giovanni Boccaccio addressed to Francesco Bardi in 1349; the document was writ - ten in old language and made it possible to know many of the habits of the spoken Knowledge language at the time. Among the works devoted to Neapolitan grammar ‘Il Forastiero’ (1630) by Giulio Cesare Capaccio, which describes the origins and etymology of the Neapolitan idiom, and then the work of Luigi Chiurazzi (1831-1926), vernacular writer, poet and publisher, which published the Grammar of the dialect (by Raffaele Capozzoli) and other essential documents regarding the city’s vernacular culture, like ‘La Smorfia’, the ‘Vocabulary’ (by D’Ambra), ‘Le Notizie’ (by Martorana and Celano), ‘Le Regole’ (by Chitarella). The largest and most experienced scholar of the Napoli idiom in recent times is Re - nato De Falco, who died a few years ago. De Falco is the author of many books on Neapolitan grammar and syntax. Authors such as Roberto D’Ajello, Neapolitan magistrate with a passion for literature, will ensure that the translation of the great classics of literature in dialect keeps on.

Literature in Music: Lyrics Writers The Neapolitan musical tradition is famous all over the world for its melodies and texts. The idiom has also lived in the song as one of the artistic expressions of the Neapolitan culture, renowned everywhere in the world for its vibrancy, poetry and Content melodies of great communicative power. In addition to the most famous pieces, Making such as, for example, ‘O Sole Mio, Funiculì Funiculà, the Piedigrotta Festival, which has become a symbol of Italian music, and Italy itself, there is a large repertoire of folk songs that have come to considered classics of Western song by artists like En - rico Caruso, Sergio Bruni, Renato and Roberto Murolo Carosone. A central element of the identity of Napoli resides in the musical tradition of dances and composed songs, (tarantella, Neapolitan song and villanelle), to which intellec - tuals and scholars, such as Salvator Rosa, lent artistic dignity. In 1537 Giovanni da Colonia published, in Napoli, the first known compendium of Villanella, entitled ‘Canzoni villanesche alla Napoletana.’ In 1839 the international blockbuster song ‘Te voglio bene assaje’ was composed by Raffaele Sacco and Fil - ippo Campanella, and in 1898 the most famous Neapolitan song, ‘O sole mio’ was published and performed for the first time (lyrics by Giovanni Capurro, music by Ed - uardo di Capua). Libero Bovio began in 1903 as a song-writer, choosing the lyrics of the famous song ‘A vita è nu’suonno. Bovio was a poet, a writer, a playwright, a journalist, and author of the lyrics of many famous songs in Neapolitan idiom.

54 ytellingLibrerieBibliotecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioni eInformazioneDidatticaUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiP aturaPercorsiStorieLeggendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImm otecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriP aUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontri gendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioni cazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRime SperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontriComunitàEditoriA thosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioniStorytellin mozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRimeLeggendeInformazione ReteStiliEventiPresentazioniI riComunitàEditoriAutoriLetteraturaP saggiP ramiImmaginiLi ridazioniStorytellingLibrerieBiblio ioniSc Poesia eggendeInformazioneDidatticaU resent riC iLetteraturaPercorsiStorieLe magini brerieBibliotecheIspirazioniE DidatticaUniversitàLaborat ellin rieLeggendeInnovazione eInfor EvocazioniSuggest tellingLibr erat eInformazione Sperimentazione Literary Landscapes - 10. Linguistic Treasures eraturaPercorsi hosPathosPaes bliotecheIspira mozioniNar tticaUniversit ReteStiliEventiP ge d ggiPanoramiIm razioniScrittoriLib ntiPresentazioniIncont miImmaginiLinguaggi ioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccon sentazioniIncontri munitàE maginiLingu briPoesiaR ontriC ggiIb ytellingLib deInformazione er

Along with Salvatore Di Giacomo, Ernesto Murolo and E. A. Mario he was a pro - tagonist of the so-called golden age of Neapolitan songs.

Spreading ‘Musical Literature’ Content Bideri was founded in 1876 and became one of the most important Italian music Making publishing companies, printing sheet music and lyrics of the largest and most famous Neapolitan songs, and also contributing to the increasingly close connection be - tween literature and music with such initiatives as the foundation, in 1891, of “The Round Table,” a magazine devoted to literature, music, theatre, to which many artists of different disciplines collaborated. Over time Bideri acquired other old Neapolitan music publishers (Gennarelli, Gill, Saint Lucia, Santojanni), and today holds the rights of a large number of Neapoli - tan song hits.

John Turturro’s Passion: a Tribute to Neapolitan Music Multiculturalism An international celebration of the merger between language and Neapolitan music is the documentary ‘Passion’ directed by the American actor and director John Tur - turro. Turturro’s narrative of the musical heritage is also a way to learn the story of the city’s soul: it is a route from the early music - popular songs such as “Era de Maggio” or “Malafemmena”, “Maruzzella” or “ Tammuriata Nera” - to modern ex - pressions - like “Don Raffae” (the famous Genoese singer-songwriter De André), including many pieces of the repertoire of famous artists such as Peppe Barra, soul and voice of the New Folksong Society (Nuova Compagnia di Canto Popolare). Turturro explores the music and the musicality of Napoli, inviting many artists to revisit the city’s musical classics, such as Massimo Ranieri and Lina Sastri, Raiz, Peppe Barra, Petra Montecorvino, Fiorello and also James Senese. Knowledge

The Music Archive in Napoli RAI (Italian national television) Centre in Napoli is home to the Historical Archive of Neapolitan Song. Opened in 2003, the Archive is the outcome of an initiative of RAI-Radio, produced in collaboration with the Campania Region, the Province of Napoli and the City of Napoli, which aims to collect, document, digitize and make available to the public musical repertoires of Neapolitan singing from different times. Since 2007 over 40,000 classic Neapolitan songs have been inserted in the Archive’s multimedia catalogue of musical recordings and documents. Theatre Neapolitan Theatre (and) Literature The Origins The first traces of Neapolitan theatre tradition date back to the works by Jacopo San - nazaro and Pietro Antonio Caracciolo in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth cen - tury, at the time of the Aragonese court. In a work entitled “Arcadia” Sannazaro

55 Literary Landscapes - 10. Linguistic Treasures

celebrated the victories of the Spaniards, the capture of Granada in Castel Capuano and the heroic deeds of the Spanish commander at the presence of Alfonso d’Arag - ona. A few years later, Caracciolo wrote a farce entitled La farsa de lo cito and the opera Imagico , in Neapolitan language. However, the two poets (including actors and directors) had the merit of exporting the theatre from the walls of the courts and royal palaces to the people. In the same period, working outside the court and at the popular level was Velardiniello, a famous street storyteller.

The Iconic Character: Pulcinella The pre-twentieth-century Neapolitan theatre was essentially tied to the mask of Pulcinella. The character was conceived in the late sixteenth century by the actor Theatre Silvio Fiorillo, and brought on stage by actor Andrea Calcese. As Benedetto Croce argues, Pulcinella is a mask whose character was shaped by many actors who have played and often - especially during the period of Spanish rule - have used it as a means of satire and political criticism. Pulcinella is a figure of humble social status that is, nevertheless, able to win thanks to his cleverness and adaptive abilities. The reinterpretation of the character in the XIX century is an important creative process for the evolution of the Neapolitan theatre. The last and perhaps the greatest in - terpreter of Pulcinella was Antonio Petito (1822-1876), who transformed the figure in the foolish servant par excellence, a crafty, burlesque and modern character that Eduardo Scarpetta would later incorporate and further change in his works. Pul - cinella is today a transcultural character absorbed by many theatrical traditions around the world.

Main Authors of the XX Century Eduardo De Filippo staged the essence of the Neapolitan culture for a world audi - ence. Through the intense expressiveness, painful gestures, spontaneity and vitality of the characters portrayed in his works, contemporary performances taking place all over the world keep alive the traditional and linguistic ‘verve’ of the original texts. Raffaele Viviani was a poet, playwright, composer and Italian actor, and author of many famous Neapolitan songs. His work differs greatly from de Filippo’s , pre - senting itself, at the same time, as complementary to the latter’s contemporary pro - duction. While the work of Eduardo focuses on the Neapolitan bourgeoisie, with its problems and crisis of values , Viviani is interested in common people, beggars, street vendors: a desperate humanity caught in an eternal struggle to satisfy its most basic needs.

Knowledge Theatre Archives: the project The Theatre Archive Project of Napoli is a collaborative project between institutions involved in the enhancement of the Neapolitan sources of theatrical history. They include the Lucchesi Palli section of the National Library of Napoli, the Docu -

56 ytellingLibrerieBibliotecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioni eInformazioneDidatticaUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiP aturaPercorsiStorieLeggendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImm otecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriP aUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontri gendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioni cazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRime SperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontriComunitàEditoriA thosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioniStorytellin mozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRimeLeggendeInformazione ReteStiliEventiPresentazioniI riComunitàEditoriAutoriLetteraturaP saggiP ramiImmaginiLi ridazioniStorytellingLibrerieBiblio ioniSc Poesia eggendeInformazioneDidatticaU resent riC iLetteraturaPercorsiStorieLe magini brerieBibliotecheIspirazioniE DidatticaUniversitàLaborat ellin rieLeggendeInnovazione eInfor EvocazioniSuggest tellingLibr erat eInformazione Sperimentazione Literary Landscapes - 10. Linguistic Treasures eraturaPercorsi hosPathosPaes bliotecheIspira mozioniNar tticaUniversit ReteStiliEventiP ge d ggiPanoramiIm razioniScrittoriLib ntiPresentazioniIncont miImmaginiLinguaggi ioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccon sentazioniIncontri munitàE maginiLingu briPoesiaR ontriC ggiIb ytellingLib deInformazione er

mentation Centre of the State Theatre, the Theatre Section of the National Mu - seum of San Martino, the Neapolitan Society of National History, the Institute for Theatre Campania History of the Resistance and the Association Voluptaria. With the en - dorsement and sponsorship of the Campania Region, the Province of Napoli, and the Napoli City Council, the Theatre Archives are a point of reference for the her - itage protection, preservation and enhancement of one of the most important Eu - ropean theatrical traditions. The Archives provide a useful structure to entertain relationship and establish partnerships with owners of documents that are relevant to theatrical history, to encourage archiving of contemporary theatrical production of documentary materials, as well as to collaborate with agencies and institutions, na - tional and international, with similar and complementary interests.

57 Literary Landscapes - 11. Literary Events

11. Literary Events

Living Culture In Napoli, the dissemination of culture unfolds in a horizontal fashion, through a spontaneous and widespread network composed of associations, bookstores, cul - tural institutions which generate over 1500 literary events on a yearly basis. These ap - pear on the web page of the city’s municipality along with detailed, monthly programs of such events. Creative Placemaking Market-oriented Convention For over twenty years, Napoli has hosted Galassia Gutenberg, the largest book fair in Southern Italy and second only to the Torino Book Fair among national book- based events. Galassia Gutenberg last edition was in 2008. In fact, the evolution of the book market does not allow a nation of 60 million people to host more than one book-based event per year. Galassia Gutenberg has, however, left an important legacy. The promoting association, which has brought renowned national and in - ternational authors to the city for two decades, continues to carry out projects pro - moting reading education in schools.

Literary Contests and Awards The most important literary award for unpublished works is Premio Napoli, an in - ternational event taking its name from the eponymous Foundation that promotes Italian literature abroad as well as foreign literatures in Italy. The Premio Napoli Foundation, founded in 1954, has become in recent years an important reference for literature lovers, a place where people read and interpret, through permanent exhibitions, the most diverse forms of art in a transversal way: Participation spanning literature, film, theatre and music. The Foundation also awards an epony - mous literary prize, a project that lives throughout the year, targeting schools, uni - versities, prisons and difficult urban and suburban areas. The Award has two sections: Italian Literature and International Literature. The selection of books is made by a jury that takes into account the yearly editorial production. The jury involves a large community of readers, which counts 2000 members, distributed over the country and abroad.. Each year the activities involve different urban areas. Napoli also hosts another celebrated event directed to Italian authors of unpub - lished works. This is “Il Racconto nel cassetto” (The Tale in the Drawer) that attracts and publishes Italian talents awarding large money prizes (each edition attracts almost 1000 participants). City transportation also promotes writing and literature through two national con - tests which bring together authors from all over the country: “Subway literature,”

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promoted by Metronapoli, the metropolitan underground system, that has come to its tenth edition, and “Parole in Corsa,” promoted by ANM and Circumvesuviana, whose eighth edition will take place in 2011. Expanding our survey to the metro - politan area, it is worth mentioning the Premio Massimo Troisi, the most important prize awarded to writers of fictional and theatrical comedy, which are offered the chance to get published by national houses. A youth literature award is assigned by means of the Premio Elsa Morante taking place on the island of Procida. Parole in Giallo (‘Mystery Words’), now in its sixth edition, is the only Italian liter - ary award for students interested in thriller and mystery literature, involving tens of schools in the city every year.

Bibliodiversity In light of UNESCO’s propositions, Napoli valorises and promotes transnational ed - Multiculturalism itors and works through events such as the Translation Biennial, which involves many European Universities, the “Strane Coppie” (Odd Couples) review, which pro - motes confrontation between Italian and foreign classical works at different cultural institutions such as the British Council, Grenoble, Goethe Institut, Instituto Cer - vantes, as well as the Festival Fiction Française that the Institut Français de Napoli hosted in 2010. As regards the promotion of independent and thematic publishing, for the last seven years the Croce di Lucca Church, located in the historical centre Creative of the city, has hosted “L’Altrolibro - paths of resistance and liberation”: a cultural Placemaking event dedicated to political book publishing.

It’s Raining Literature A number of cultural operators show an interest in actively promoting literature, at - tracting the public with literary events. An example of such dynamics of ‘contami - nation’ is represented by the flea market “Fiera del Baratto e dell’Usato” which has been taking place every six months for the past 15 years to promote recycling and sustainable development. Since 2005, the market has hosted special sectors dedi - cated to literature where 25.000 visitors have had a special chance to come in con - Participation tact with the editorial and literary world. After two years and four editions of “Giralibro,” a bookcrossing circuit that saved and distribued over 50.000 free books of independent publishers that were destined to the pulp, the “Fiera del Baratto e dell’Usato” has also hosted a “Book Outlet,” a micro-fair that has attracted more than 100 independent publishers which are not distributed by the city bookshops. “Fiera del Baratto e dell’Usato” has also officially joined the bid for Napoli City of Literature UNESCO, offering its spaces to host ac - tivities connected to the project. COMICON - “International Comics Fair,” is among the main European events (sec - ond only to the Angouleme Festival) dedicated to comics, attracting more than

59 Literary Landscapes - 11. Literary Events

45.000 visitors each year. COMICON reserves a space to discuss the relationship be - tween literature and visual languages at Sant’Elmo Castle (the main location of the event), as well as at the Oltremare Fair (COMICON’s second location that was added Theatre in 2010). Napoli Teatro Festival Italia (more than 110.000 visitors in 2011), the most important event that the city dedicates to theatre, emphasizes the absolute comple - mentary nature of literature and the theatre by dedicating a big portion of its cre - ative agenda to literature. For the last six years, the island of Capri has hosted “Conversations: dialogues among writers.” This is an event that, for one week each summer, attracts acclaimed international authors that discuss literature with the audience.

The Electronic Literature The relationship between technological innovation and literary creativity is the focus of the activities of the Officina di Letteratura Elettronica (Workshop of Electronic Literature), an international workshop established in Napoli, that connects scholars from different foreign universities (like Buffalo University, a literature innovation specialized institution) and organizes an international conference on a two-yearly basis, starting January 2011.

60 ytellingLibrerieBibliotecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioni eInformazioneDidatticaUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiP aturaPercorsiStorieLeggendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImm otecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriP aUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontri gendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioni cazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRime SperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontriComunitàEditoriA thosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioniStorytellin mozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRimeLeggendeInformazione ReteStiliEventiPresentazioniI riComunitàEditoriAutoriLetteraturaP saggiP ramiImmaginiLi ridazioniStorytellingLibrerieBiblio ioniSc Poesia eggendeInformazioneDidatticaU resent riC iLetteraturaPercorsiStorieLe magini brerieBibliotecheIspirazioniE DidatticaUniversitàLaborat ellin rieLeggendeInnovazione eInfor EvocazioniSuggest tellingLibr erat eInformazione Sperimentazione eraturaPercorsi hosPathosPaes bliotecheIspira mozioniNar tticaUniversit ReteStiliEventiP ge d ggiPanoramiIm razioniScrittoriLib ntiPresentazioniIncont miImmaginiLinguaggi ioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccon sentazioniIncontri munitàE maginiLingu briPoesiaR ontriC ggiIb ytellingLib deInformazione er

12. Creativity Improvement Strategies Connecting with Development National Partnership Chances Mission, Objectives, Activities 1) KNOWLEDGE HUB: Clustering, Knowledge and Creative Brokering The Project: the Observatory General Vision The Perspective The Activities 2) MULTICULTURAL PERSPECTIVE: (Multi)Cultural Awareness Intercultural Hub The Project: BookTrip The Perspectives The Activities: Grants Office 3) CONTENT MAKING: Creativity-Intensive City The 2011 Project: The Visible Cities The Collective Narrative of Places: the ‘Citytelling’

12. Creativity Improvement Strategy

Connecting with Development The Creative City is a key opportunity to connect Napoli to the international ‘cre - ative landscape’ that will be established in the coming years through key appoint - ments. The Creative City would contribute to the development of the city’s global ‘Creative Ecosystem,’ providing a source of value and innovation that suits Napoli’ profile as a postindustrial city. Knowledge Europe 2020 The Creative City Master Plan is synergetic with Europe 2020 Program Guidelines, which focus on: 1) Knowledge as a primary resource for development 2) Promoting participatory mechanisms to generate social cohesion 3) Steering economic development toward sustainability Creative Placemaking The initiatives included in the Creative City’s agenda must be integrated and har - monized according to guidelines consistent with the real economic development and with the clustering opportunities offered by the World Urban Forum, the Cre - ative Europe program and ECOC 2019 bid. UN Habitat 2012 The World Urban Forum – hosted in Napoli in September 2012 - is a project pro - Participation moted by the United Nations) to study issues connected with modern urbanization and its impact on communities, cities, economies, climate change and social poli - cies. Creative Europe (2014/2020): new development paths Creative Europe, which attends to the unification of the Culture and Media Pro - gram of the European Commission for the promotion of local business and creative Multiculturalism industries, aims at fostering innovation, economic development and social inclusion. The program’s goal is the ‘internationalization’ of artistic and creative productions. • 300,000 artists and cultural operators will receive funding to reach an international audience; • 1000 films will benefit from European distribution; • Thousands of cultural operators will benefit from training programs to operate in - ternationally; Content • 2500 European cinema will receive incentives to devise a programming schedule Making that would include a 50% of works produced in Europe; • 5500 books (and beyond) can be translated for international circulation, thus over - coming language barriers

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National Partnership Chances European Capital of Culture 2019: new partnership opportunities In 2019, an Italian town will be designated as the European Capital of Culture. Cur - rently over twenty cities are working on a project submission, forming an extended network of regional administrations that envision a strategic cultural planning based on the indicators set by the ECOC program, namely: 1) fostering a European dimension: strengthening the cooperation between cultural operators, artists and cities of the concerned Member States, as well as other Mem - ber States (in the case of further collaborations) with the goal to emphasize cultural diversity in Europe and highlight the common aspects existing among the different European cultures. 2) inviting the participation of residents in and around the city: the aim is to arouse the interest of the locals, as well as integrate them in the long-term cultural and so - cial development of the city.

Mission, Objectives, Activities The Creative City plan develops along three directives:

1) KNOWLEDGE HUB: Clustering, Knowledge and Creative Brokering One of the main goals of the Creative City activities is to valorise, in a horizontal Knowledge fashion, local cultural realities, improving their dimension, degree of public per - ception and perspectives by bringing them together in a network. Another essential focus is helping establish a ‘Creative brokering’ through meetings that would attract a creative and cultural offer, as well as a cultural demand, while also favouring the formation of ‘creative alliances’ for the integrated growth of new cre - ative competencies and realities. To activate a stream of information and knowledge that would form and update Participation creative professions (already consolidated ones, as well as emerging ones), con - tributing to develop the creative cluster individuated by KEA Report investigations on Napoli and the Campania region and establish a creative infrastructure to pro - ductively dialogue with the Creative Cities. The Project: the Observatory TEXT is an observatory on innovation in publishing and t e x t literature at the international level. It is a means of re - search and knowledge dissemination aimed at would-be operators and creative industries stakeholders. General Vision The publishing (and creative) industry is overwhelmed by the technological revolu -

66 ytellingLibrerieBibliotecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioni eInformazioneDidatticaUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiP aturaPercorsiStorieLeggendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImm otecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriP aUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontri gendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioni cazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRime SperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontriComunitàEditoriA thosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioniStorytellin mozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRimeLeggendeInformazione ReteStiliEventiPresentazioniI riComunitàEditoriAutoriLetteraturaP saggiP ramiImmaginiLi ridazioniStorytellingLibrerieBiblio ioniSc Poesia eggendeInformazioneDidatticaU resent riC iLetteraturaPercorsiStorieLe magini brerieBibliotecheIspirazioniE DidatticaUniversitàLaborat ellin rieLeggendeInnovazione eInfor EvocazioniSuggest tellingLibr erat eInformazione Sperimentazione Creative Perspectives - 12. Creativity Improvement Strategies eraturaPercorsi hosPathosPaes bliotecheIspira mozioniNar tticaUniversit ReteStiliEventiP ge d ggiPanoramiIm razioniScrittoriLib ntiPresentazioniIncont miImmaginiLinguaggi ioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccon sentazioniIncontri munitàE maginiLingu briPoesiaR ontriC ggiIb ytellingLib deInformazione er

tion, which determines rapid changes in the sensitivity and behaviour of culture products producers and consumers. Constant and continued updating is essential to build the wealth of knowledge re - quired to meet the ongoing challenges of sustainable development and the creative economy. A creative city must devise initiatives that would encourage the circulation of knowl - edge necessary to develop personal and professional skills. The Perspective The Observatory’s areas of study and analysis are defined by a matrix where the lit - erary and publishing activities cross the four types of innovation as defined by the Knowledge Oslo Manual and devised by the OECD (the main source for international guide - lines on the collection and analysis of data related to innovative activities taken in the industrial sector): Product Innovation: Innovation of the functional characteristics of a product (new or improved); Process Innovation: innovation of production and delivery ; Marketing Innovation: innovation of channel design, promotional dynamics and pricing; Organizational Innovation: innovation of the organization of roles and functions The Activities The Centre is engaged in trendwatching activities including data and information collection, good practices and case studies from around the world, with the publi - cation and dissemination of free documents; - Professionals (prospective and actual) and industry associations interested in ren - ovation - Universities and Study Centers, for developing research projects. The Observatory’s goal is to collect membership of such subjects and establish a na - tional and international network founded on the exchange of knowledge and skills for the improvement of the business community in the creative industries.

2) MULTICULTURAL PERSPECTIVE: (Multi)Cultural Awareness The Creative City devises activities that would generate a national and international perception of the evocative-emotional potentialities of the local and multicultural (tangible and intangible) legacy, taking it as a resource to devise culture-based plans of social and economical development. Intercultural Hub The Creative city promotes visions of intercultural exchanges based on the en - counter and comparison of literary and narrative legacies. To place the city in a struc - tural network of tight connections and relationships with different cultural areas of the world, in light of its vocation to become a place of contact between the Arab

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world (geographically and culturally close), Asia (commercial exchanges) and the Spanish-speaking region (geographically complementary and culturally close). The Project: BookTrip BookTrip is a project dedicated to the complementary BookTrip features of literature, culture and development. Through Bibliodiversità publishing, literature produces social progress in terms of cultural and economic development. The objectives of BookTrip are: Multiculturalism 1) Promotion of independent contemporary Italian literature abroad; 2) Promotion of international independently literature in Italy; 3) Promotion and dissemination of independent Italian publishing products abroad; 4) Promotion and dissemination of independent international editorial products in Italy; 5) Encourage the creation of circuits and the sensitivity of tourism literature and knowledge in line with the canons of creative tourism as described by UNESCO. The Perspectives a) Economic perspective /publishers: preserving and promoting independent pub - lishing. The project objectives are based on the parameters of bibliodiversity, a concept ex - pressed in the International Declaration of independent publishers, for the protec - tion and promotion of bibliodiversity that was held from July 1 to 4, 2007 in Paris. The parameters were later collected by UNESCO, as part of its extended project on the protection of cultural heritage, including intangible assets, which has also set up offices dedicated to reading and the translation of literary texts. b) Cultural perspective / writers and freedom of expression: Another aim of the project is connected to the Booktrip Declaration of the Euro - pean Parliament of Writers, the official document that voices the artists’ requests to protect freedom of expression. The Activities: Grants Office The essential tool for the implementation of the internationalization process of cul - tural and economic exchanges with regard to the literary and publishing products is the ‘Grants Office’ of the Creative City, an organ that would be able to inform pub - lishers and authors about incentives for the translations of works in international lan - guages.

Creative 3) CONTENT MAKING: Placemaking Creativity-Intensive City The Creative City goal is to connote the identity of Napoli City of Literature as in - novative in productive and processual terms. This relates to publishing and literature, as well as to the creative field more generally, focusing on the encounter of differ -

68 ytellingLibrerieBibliotecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioni eInformazioneDidatticaUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiP aturaPercorsiStorieLeggendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImm otecheIspirazioniEvocazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriP aUniversitàLaboratoriSperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontri gendeInnovazioneEthosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioni cazioniSuggestioniEmozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRime SperimentazioneReteStiliEventiPresentazioniIncontriComunitàEditoriA thosPathosPaesaggiPanoramiImmaginiLinguaggiIbridazioniStorytellin mozioniNarrazioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccontiRimeLeggendeInformazione ReteStiliEventiPresentazioniI riComunitàEditoriAutoriLetteraturaP saggiP ramiImmaginiLi ridazioniStorytellingLibrerieBiblio ioniSc Poesia eggendeInformazioneDidatticaU resent riC iLetteraturaPercorsiStorieLe magini brerieBibliotecheIspirazioniE DidatticaUniversitàLaborat ellin rieLeggendeInnovazione eInfor EvocazioniSuggest tellingLibr erat eInformazione Sperimentazione Creative Perspectives - 12. Creativity Improvement Strategies eraturaPercorsi hosPathosPaes bliotecheIspira mozioniNar tticaUniversit ReteStiliEventiP ge d ggiPanoramiIm razioniScrittoriLib ntiPresentazioniIncont miImmaginiLinguaggi ioniScrittoriLibriPoesiaRaccon sentazioniIncontri munitàE maginiLingu briPoesiaR ontriC ggiIb ytellingLib deInformazione er

ent languages and literary products with the new technologies, on the hybridization between the creative sector and the evolution of the publishing market, in order to offer innovative impulses to the Creative Cities circuit. An important tool is exploiting the complementary nature of literature to other cre - ative partners, primarily the theatrical and musical ones, to induce a spillover effect that would involve many more sectors in order to build up the creative texture that animates the city. The 2011 Project: The Visible Cities Content In 2011 the “Circolo Artistico Politecnico” Association – a Making 150-year-old cultural institution of the city – organized a cycle of creative writing workshops, open and free of charge. The project supported the bid of Napoli as UNESCO City of Lit - erature and received the INC UNESCO sponsorship. The project title is inspired by Italo Calvino’s novel ‘Invisible Cities.’ Whereas Marco Polo describes the cities built in his mind to Kublai Khan, the ‘Visible Cities’ authors - writers, emerging and established, committed to working together - ‘adopt’ a real city, de - scribing it from different points of view, and settling their inspiring stories in its midst. Each book becomes a sort of ‘map’ - calibrated on different themes - by which to reconstruct the perception that Napoli generates in the individual’s mind. The Collective Narrative of Places: the ‘Citytelling’ The project’s aim is to aggregate the creative energies and enthusiasm of fans, writ - Participation ers, artists and cultural operators in the industry to stimulate a common practice in the international scene, or to entrust the narrators and literature to promote the area. It happened recently with France, where 100 authors were asked to describe each one a monument or even Wimbledon, and whose organizers asked a poet to describe - in his/her unique creative language - the tournament courts. The project hopes to generate a practice of ‘citytelling’, a term derived from the merger of the terms ‘city’ and ‘storytelling’, to be developed through the addition of different voices and sensibilities.

IN CONCLUSION The Napoli City of Literature Committee hopes that Napoli will be able to write its own creative future together with the other Cities of UNESCO Creative Cities Net - work.