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THE ACTS and MONUMENTS of the CHRISTIAN CHURCH by JOHN FOXE Commonly Known As FOXE's BOOK of MARTYRS Volume 2

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THE ACTS and MONUMENTS of the CHRISTIAN CHURCH by JOHN FOXE Commonly Known As FOXE's BOOK of MARTYRS Volume 2 THE ACTS AND MONUMENTS OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH by JOHN FOXE Commonly known as FOXE'S BOOK OF MARTYRS Volume 2 From Thomas À Becket to King Edward III Published by the Ex-classics Project, 2009 http://www.exclassics.com Public Domain -1- VOLUME 2 Portrait of John Foxe -2- FOXE'S BOOK OF MARTYRS CONTENTS 40. Life and Death of Thomas À Becket .......................................................................5 41. After the Death of Thomas À Becket ....................................................................34 42. Pope Alexander III and the Waldenses..................................................................41 43. Other Events During the Reign of King Henry II..................................................51 44. Person and Character of Henry II. .........................................................................56 45. Richard I. Massacre of Jews at the Coronation. Riot in York Cathedral...............58 46. Dispute between the Archbishop and Abbot of Canterbury ..................................62 47. Richard I. (Contd.) The Crusade............................................................................77 48. King John...............................................................................................................92 49. King Henry III......................................................................................................114 50. The Crusade against the Albigensians. ................................................................134 51. Henry III (Contd.) ................................................................................................145 52. The Schism between the Roman and Greek Churches ........................................169 53. More Dissensions about Ecclesiastical Appointments ........................................177 54. Papal Greed and Corruption.................................................................................180 55. The Third Crusade ...............................................................................................198 56. The Emperor Frederick II. ...................................................................................209 57. The Right of Princes to Appoint Bishops ............................................................213 58. The Emperor Frederick II. (Contd.).....................................................................218 59. Frederic's Last Campaign and Death. Summary of his Character .......................251 60. Gulielmus and Other Champions of Christ..........................................................257 61. Robert Grosthead .................................................................................................272 62. The Wickedness of the Jews................................................................................283 63. Other Events in the Reign of Henry III................................................................285 64. Quarrel of King Henry III and the Nobles ...........................................................289 65. Prince Edward's Crusade......................................................................................310 66. King Edward I......................................................................................................319 67. Quarrel of King Philip of France and the Pope....................................................325 68. King Edward I (Contd). .......................................................................................329 69. King Edward II. ...................................................................................................343 70. King Edward III – Wars with the French and Scots ............................................366 71. King Edward III — Matters Ecclesiastical ..........................................................383 -3- VOLUME 2 72. Anti-Papal Writers: 1300-1360............................................................................386 -4- FOXE'S BOOK OF MARTYRS 40. Life and Death of Thomas À Becket Now forsomuch as our English pope-holy martyr, called Thomas Becket, happened also in the same time of this Pope Alexander, let us somewhat also speak of him, so far as the matter shall seem worthy of knowledge, and to stand with truth; to the end that the truth thereof being sifted from all flattery and lies of such popish writers as paint out his story, men may the better judge both of him what he was, and also of his cause. If the cause make a martyr, (as is said,) I see not why we should esteem Thomas Becket to die a martyr, more than any other whom the prince's sword doth here temporally punish for their temporal deserts. To die for the church I grant is a glorious matter. But the church, as it is a spiritual and not a temporal church, so it standeth upon causes spiritual, and upon a heavenly foundation, as upon faith, religion, true doctrine, sincere discipline, obedience to God's commandments; and not upon things pertaining to this world, as possessions, liberties, exemptions, privileges, dignities, patrimonies, and superiorities. If these be given to the church, I pray God churchmen may use them well; but if they be not given, the church cannot claim them; or if they be taken away, that standeth in the prince's power. To contend with princes for the same, it is no matter (in my mind) sufficient to make a martyr, but rather a rebel against them to whom we owe subjection. Therefore, as I suppose Thomas Becket to be far from the cause and title of a martyr, (neither can he be excused from a plain rebel against his prince,) so yet would I have wished again the law rather publicly to have found out his fault, than the swords of men (not bidden nor sent) to have smitten him, having no special commandment either of the prince or of the law so to do. For though the indignation of the prince (as the wise prince saith) is death, yet it is not for every private person straightways to revenge the secret indignation of his prince, except he be publicly authorized thereunto. And this had been (as I suppose) the better way, if the laws had first executed their justice upon him. Certes, it had been the safest way for the king, as it proved after; who had just matter enough, if he had prosecuted his cause against him. And also thereby his death had been without all suspicion of martyrdom, neither had there followed that shrining and sainting of him as there did. Albeit the secret providence of God, which governeth all things, did see this way perhaps to be best, and most necessary for those days. And doubtless (to say here what I think, and yet to speak nothing against charity) if the emperors had done the like to the popes contending against them, what time they had taken them prisoners; that is, if they had used the law of the sword against them, and chopped off the heads of one or two, according to their traitorous rebellion; they had broken the neck of much disturbance, which long time after did trouble the church. But for lack of that, because emperors having the sword and the truth on their side, would not use their sword; but standing in awe of the pope's vain curse, and reverencing his seat for St. Peter's sake, durst not lay hand upon him, though he were never so abominable and traitorous a malefactor; the popes perceiving that took so much upon them, not as the Scripture would give, but as much as the superstitious fear of emperors and kings would suffer them to take; which was so much, that it passed all order, rule, and measure; and all because the superior powers either would not, or durst not, practise the authority given unto them of the Lord upon those inferiors, but suffered them to be their masters. -5- VOLUME 2 But as touching Thomas Becket, whatsoever is to be thought of them that did the act, the example thereof yet bringeth this profit with it, to teach all Romish prelates not to be so stubborn (in such matters not pertaining unto them) against their prince unto whom God hath subjected them. Now to the story, which if it be true that is set forth in Quadrilogo, by those four who took upon them to express the life and process of Thomas Becket, it appeareth by all conjectures that he was a man of a stout nature, severe, and inflexible. What persuasion or opinion he had once conceived, from that he would in no wise be removed, or very hardly. Threatenings and flattering were to him both one; in this point singular, following no man's counsel so much as his own. Great helps of nature there were in him (if he could have used them well) rather than of learning; albeit somewhat skilful he was of the civil law, which he studied at Bonony; in memory excellently good, and also well broken in courtly and worldly matters. Besides this, he was of a chaste and strait life, if the histories be true; although in the first part of his life (being yet archdeacon of Canterbury, and after lord chancellor) he was very evil, courtly, pleasant, given much both to hunting and hawking, according to the guise of the court; and highly favoured he was of his prince, who not only had thus promoted him, but also had committed his son and heir to his institution and governance. But in this his first beginning he was not so well beloved, but afterward he was again as much hated, (and deservedly,) both of the king, and also of the most part of his subjects, save only of certain monks and priests, and such others as were persuaded by them, who magnified him not a little for upholding the liberties of the church, that is, the licentious life and excess of churchmen. Amongst all others,
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