Worldwide ammonite correlation at the Pliensbachian Stage and Substage Boundaries (Lower Jurassic)
Christian Meister Natural History Museum of Geneva, Department of Geology and Paleontology, 1 Rte de Malagnou, CP 6434, CH-1211 Geneva 6, Switzerland email: christian.meister®ville-ge.ch
ABSTRACT: The present paper is an inventory of the biostratigraphical ammonite data at the boundaries of the Sinemurian and Pliensbachian Stages and of the Lower-Upper Pliensbachian Substages. Sinemurian and Pliensbachian Stages belong to the Early Jurassic (Lias) and the age of their boundary is 190 m.y. following the last version of the Geologic Time scale com piled by Walker and Geissman (2009). Since 2006, the Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Pliensbachian Stage is formally defined at Wine Haven in Yorkshire Coast (UK). This level coincides with the ammonite association Bifericeras donovani Dommergues and Meister and Apoderoceras sp. which define the base of the Taylori Sub- chronozone of the Jamesoni Chronozone. For the Lower-Upper Pliensbachian boundary, estimated at 186.5 m.y. there is no formal definition with a GSSP until now. Several options remain open as well in the Euroboreal Domain (Hebrides, Yorshire, Dorset in UK, Causses Basin in France, Cordillera Iberica in Spain, Lusitanian Basin in Portugal) as in theTethyan Domain (Subbeticas in Spain, Apennines in Italy, Bakony in Hungary). Worldwide correlations (Euroboreal, Tethyan and East Pacific Domains) at these boundaries are proposed based on ammonites after critical review of their taxonomy and biostratigraphy. Indeed for Lower Jurassic, ammonites represent the best fossil group for precise biostratigraphy and correlation and that is why the standard chronostratigraphic framework (at zonal level) has been based on them since Oppel (1856-58).
INTRODUCTION is the smallest subdivision of a chronostratigraphical scale that should be defined at its base like a stage (see below). A potential Since d'Orbigny introduced the notion of Stage and Oppel the zonule is still not defined. concept of Zones near the middle of the 19th century (the sub- zone concept emerged more gradually during the 20th century), The basic idea is to present guide ammonites or ammonite as work has continued to refine and to define the succession of chro nostratigraphic units so as to arrive at a reliable continous time semblages which characterize biohorizons in different localities scale. of the Euroboreal, Tethyan and Pacific Domains and to correlate them. With this aim, the International Commission of Stratigraphy Historically, the fossiliferous sequences of NW Europe are taken (ICS) indicates that boundaries must be formally defined by as reference to establish standard zonations, especially for the a stratotype; a standard Global Stratotype Section and Point Jurassic, and the most effective standard zonalion for this pe (GSSP). riod is based on ammonites. This is the case for the Sinemurian- Pliensbachian and Lower-Upper Pliensbachian Boundaries. Despite radiometric dating and possibilies of correlations with magnetostratigraphy, stable isotopes and Milankovich cycles, This chronostratigraphical interval is a period of strong am biochronology remains of key importance due to its high preci monite provincialism and the correlations between different pa- sion and its resolution even if paleobiogeography and paleoecol- leobiogeographical domains (Euroboreal, Tethyan, Pacific Do ogy sometimes restrict its potential. mains) remain difficult. The purpose of this paper is not to discuss again all the concepts of chronostratigraphy and biostratigraphy. For this, we refer to Two possible responses Dean et al. (1961), Salvador (1994), Callomon (1995) and Page 1) The use of several regional zonaUotvs.lf vUsaxvahs.ol.vite neces (2003). Herein we just present a table to summarise my opinions sity first to describe and documents the succession in any Teg\OTi concerning the smallest biostratigraphical and chronostratigraph- and to propose a biohorizon succession, it better, for us, at this ical units: biohorizons and zonules (text-fig. I). Hedberg (1976 p. stage of resolution to directly correlate with standard zonation 49, 67) defined the concept of chronohorizons which is, for us, without to establish regional biozones or subbiozones (see an ex quite similar and can be integrated into the more precise concept ample for ammonite succession in Mexico, Meister et a). 2009). of zonules well discussed by Phelps (1985) and Page (1995). The Regional zonations raise more proMems than they solve ana"ia- concept of horizons is discussed in detail by Callomon (1995) and Blau & Meister (2000). The definitions of biohorizon and crease the difficulties of correlations, axAeasXfoc Mwcwatvvtes (see zonules, as used herein, are briefly presented. A biohorizon is Meister et al. 2006). For hierarchical consistency it is necessary the smallest biostratigraphical unit that corresponds to a bed or to select one scale as primary standard and to refer directly to it a serie of beds, characterized by a specified taxon or assemblage even it remains some uncertainties. of time-diagnostic guide-fossils, within which no further strati- graphical differentiation of the fauna can be made. A biohorizon 2) The second solution is to use the best zonation with the most is locally recognizable and a standard horizon is reproductible at accurate resolution - in this case the NW European zonation [re a large scale (ideally paleogeographic domain scale). A zonule inforced by the choice of the Pliensbachian GSSP in the NW European Domain (Meister et al. 2006)] - as a reference and to Christian Meister: Worldwide ammonite correlation at the Pliensbachian Stage
BIOSTRATIGRAPHY (used herein)
biohorizon = bioevent = niveau a => at a local, regional, lithologic profile scale = local unit bas e r
faunal horizon = characteristic faunal horizon the i = unitary association => already synthetic results at supra-regional, basin scale ne d b y
standard horizon = reproductible units => at province or domain scale " def i
(Unitary Association assemblage) no t
biozone/biosubzone including e.g. assemblage zone, range => at province or domain scale zone, acme-zone, interval-zone, partial or total range zone 2)
[
CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY
(= BIOCHRONOLOGY) bas e
(used herein) thei r
Zonule = chronohorizon (sensu Hedberg, 1976) e d b y
Subchronozone = Standard subzone defi n y
Chronozone = Oppel zone
= Standard zone formall ;
TEXT-FIGURE 1 Summary of biostratigraphical and chronostratigraphical classifications used in this work with proposed synonymy. 1) biozone, biosubzones reveal only regional information. 2) standard horizon is a potential zonule but not officially defined at its base.
correlate with it. During recent years, several studies presenting For the Lower-Upper Pliensbachian Boundary several possible very precise biostratigraphic frameworks have been published GSSP candidates can be selected to define the base of the Upper allowing the proposal of a more or less precise correlation be Pliensbachian. For this interval the proposed correlations remain tween paleogeographical domains. informal but are quite precise because of the association of Eu roboreal and Tethyan ammonite in some key regions such as the All the basic stratigraphical data have been published by the re Austrian and Hungarian upper Austroalpine units. spective authors quoted in the figures and they have been criti cally reviewed for taxonomy and/or stratigraphy. The informa Remark: In the following text the Sinemurian - Pliensbachian tion came from range charts or from faunal lists based on bed by Boundary is abbreviated SPB and the Lower - Upper Pliensba bed collections of ammonites. The references are given in each chian Boundary to LUPB. figure. These represent the successions of biohorizons across both boundaries throughout the world. Some significant ammo DISCUSSION nites are illustrated. The Pliensbachian Stage To identify precisely and to correlate the Sinemurian-Pliensba- The Pliensbachian is the third Stage of the Jurassic System. Its chian boundary is often very difficult because of sedimentologi- name derives from Pliensbach, a small village in SW Germa cal and tectonic problems which affect the fossil record. More ny not far from Holzmaden and the original definition of this over, the Lower-Middle Lias is a period of strong provincialism stage dates back to Oppel (1858, p. 248-249, 256), previously and/or endemism, and resulting in addition difficulties for am d'Orbigny's Liasien (1849-1852). monite correlations. Consequently, only one outcrop was deemed suitable to be selected for the GSSP of the Sinemurian-Pliensba- The base of the Pliensbachian is located at a level of important chian boundary (see Meister et al. 2003) and formally defined in faunal changes corresponding roughly to the disappearance of 2006 (Meister et al.) at Wine Haven (Yorkshire, UK). the Echioceratidae (Psiloceratoidea) and the subsequent full de-
84 Stratigraphy, vol. 7, no. /, 2010
Age
Walker & Estimated £ c Estimated Geissman Estimated duration Estimated 15 Eg duration • 200" age Chronozones of one Zonule Chronozones age c o< one Zonule 1 •183 m.y.
Z> P.
-186.5 m.y. C3 Davoei Davoei
O Ibex 25 -140.000 y. Ibex -I R -188.9 m.y. Jamesoni Jamesoni 157.000 y. 190 m.y. Raricostatum Raricostatum -58.000 y. -191.1 m.y. Oxynotum 40 -87.500 y. Oxynotum —> c Obtusum Obtusum -193.5 m.y.
si CO 197 m.y. TEXT-FIGURE 2 Ages and estimated duration of zonules for the Upper Sinemurian and the Lower Pliensbachian.
velopment of the Eoderoceratoidea which underwent a signifi Based on ages in the recent versions of the Geologic Time Scale cant radiation and increase in diversity. The Sinemurian-Pliens- (Gradstein et al. 2004, International Commission on Stratigraphy bachian ammonoid event is a good example of faunal renewal at 2009) compiled by Walker and Greissman (2009), the Sinemu a global scale. rian corresponds to an interval of 7 m.y. and the Pliensbachian of 7 m.y. too. So we can propose estimates for the durations of The Pliensbachian is divided in two substages. The Carixian (see the ammonite succession based on the number of Chronozones/ Lang 1913, p. 401) was an alternative to Lower Pliensbachian and Subchronozones/zonules or standard horizons (Corna et al. 1997; the Domerian was proposed by Bonarelli (1894) for the Margari- Dommergues et al. 1997; Blau & Meister 2000; Meister et al. tatus and Spinatum Zones of Oppel (1856), corresponding now to 2003, 2005; Geczy & Meister 2007) (text-fig. 2). the Upper Pliensbachian. Following the recommendation of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ISC) that substages These numbers are estimates and averages of estimates. The du Carixian and Domerian should not be named, although widely rations of zones, subzones and biohorizons were certainly not all used and should be replaced by Lower Pliensbachian and Up the same: On the basis of ammonite assemblages the European per Pliensbachian. (see for more details see Meister et al. 2003, Pliensbachian presently comprises 5 Chronozones («Standard 2006). Zones»), further subdivided into 15 Subchronozones (Dean et al. 1961). Since 1997 (see Dommergues) the number of biohorizons Around the Lower-Upper Pliensbachian Boundary (LUPB) recognised has increased for the Lower Pliensbachian from 22 to contrary to the SPB, there is no major faunal change and this 25, even more for the Upper Sinemurian, from 14 to 40. More boundary is still not officially defined; the Pliensbachian Work over the duration proposed in the literature for these two periods ing Group of the Jurassic Subcommission is now focusing on this (U. Sin. and L. PI.) has also changed in reliability. Consequently topic. At present, its definition is based on the gradual evolution with the new ammonite data, the precision has increased and the of two ammonite superfamilies: the Eoderoceratoidea Spath 1929 estimated average for the duration of a biohorizon from 250.000 for the Euroboreal and the Pacific paleobiogeographic Domains y. to about 87.500-58.000 y. for the Upper Sinemurian and from and the Hildoceratoidea Hyatt 1867 for the Tethyan Domain. 220.000 y. to about 140.000-157.000 y. for the Lower Pliensba chian. More precisely, in the Euroboreal Domain, the boundary is The base of the Pliensbachian Stage based on the evolution of the Liparoceratidae Hyatt 1867 emend. Dommergues & Meister (1999) with Oistoceras - Amaltheus. One of the main problems for the Sinemurian-Pliensbachian In the Pacific Domain it is based on the Dubariceratidae Dom Boundary is the rarity of «good» sections bearing ammonites. mergues & Meister 1999 with Anclidiscus - Fanninoceras and We are often confronted with obviously missing or condensed in Tethys on Harpoceratinae (Neumayr 1875) within the lineage sediments, or sometimes simply poorly fossiliferous sediments Fuciniceras (sensu Dommergues et al. 2002). (text-fig. 3).
85 Christian Meister: Worldwide ammonite correlation al the Pliensbachian Stage
| EUROBOREAL REGIONS Imediterranean tethys 1 | PACIFIC REGIONS |
Dean el al. 1961 Dommergues et al. 1994 Pally etal. 1994 Riccanliet al. 1990. Cornaetal. 1997 Bragael al. 1982, 1985 Faraoni el al 1996 Smith etal. 1988 Hillebrandl 1987.2002, ?nn6 IQQT Dommergues ct al. 1997 Venturi et al. 2004, 2005 Smith & Tipper 1996 (South America) CNW Europe; (Subbeticas) (Apennines) (TSorth America) Suh- Chrono Chile, Peru, Argentina Argentina slage* zones Suliehronozones Blozones Bfozones Biozones Biozones Biozones & Kuunules z 7 ^ Tropidoceras Dl BARKER AS 4 Jamesoni f TROPIDOCERAS DEMONENSE MEREDICERAS
HI / EXTERNUM MILTOCERASSELLAE Brcvispina (= MILTOCERAS) M. (PSEUDOSK1RR0CERAS)
:nsba c :son i IMLAYI MILTOCERAS Polvmorphus GEMMELLAROCERAS CHILCAENSE MILTOCERAS JAM E AENIGMATICUM 7 CATRICERAS •t < Taylori (= "Tetraspidoceras quadrarmatum" partim) "TETRASP1DOCERAS " *
Aplanalum 9 ?
Macdonnelli PALTECHIOCERAS (imi local /ones or subzones For this period, (no local zones or suhzones Tor EMURIA N STATU M NW european zones are used) HARBLEDOWNENSE this period, NW Kuropean "EPOPHIOCERAS" zone* are used)
SI N Raricostatum l T E :aric o be I Densinodulum * (axonomic problems 1
TEXT-FIGURE 3 Worldwide zonations for the uppermost Sinemurian and the lowermost Pliensbachian with proposed correlation.
The base of the Jamesoni Zone (more precisely the base of the Paramicroderoceratidae Venturi et al., 2004 (sensu Geczy & Taylori Subzone) is traditionally used to identify the base of the Meister 2007), the Liparoceratidae Hyatt 1867 (emend. Dom Pliensbachian. The base of the first Pliensbachian Subzone (Tay mergues & Meister 1999) and the Eoderoceratidae Spath 1929 lori Subzone) was defined by Spath (1923) in the Dorset coast (emend. Dommergues & Meister 1999) already present in the section and later discussed by Dean et al. (1961) and other au Sinemurian survive and diversify in the Pliensbachian after the thors (for details see Meister et al. 2003, 2006). After the work extinction of the Echioceratidae Buckman 1913. Moreover two of Dommergues & Meister (1990) and Schlatter (1990), it be new families the Coeloceratidae Haug 1910 (emend. Dommer came apparent that the proposed definitions were inadequate to gues & Meister 1999) and the Tropidoceratidae Hyatt 1900 [= define the base of the Taylori Subchronozone (see Dommergues Acanthopleuroceratidae Arkell 1950 (emend. Dommergues & & Meister 1992) and the definition of the boundary had to be Meister 1999)] expand at this time. reconsidered and improved. A good element of correlation near to the Sinemurian-Pliens- After intensive work by the Pliensbachian Working Group, the bachian Boundary is the presence of Paltechioceras tardecre- Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the scens (Hauer) and especially Paltechioceras romanicum (Uhlig) base of the Pliensbachian Stage (Lower Jurassic) is now de which indicate the topmost part of the Sinemurian. But a stage fined at the base of bed 73b at Wine Haven, Robin Hood's Bay, is defined by its base not its top. Indeed the base of a stage is Yorkshire Coast, UK. This level coincides with the ammonite defined by a taxon or an assemblage of taxa characterizing the association Bifericeras donovani Dommergues and Meister and lowest zonules of its lowest subchronozone of its lowest chro Apoderoceras sp. which define the base of the Taylori Subchro nozone and so on, forming a continuous scale. The top being nozone of the Jamesoni Chronozone. This fossil association limited by the base of the overlying stage or chronozonezone or overlies the last Upper Sinemurian Echioceratidae and precedes subchronozone or zonule. the first classic Lower Pliensbachian Apoderoceras associated with the acme of Phricodoceras taylori (Sowerby). A) NW Euroboreal Domain
Nevertheless, this period of transition is usually poorly docu mented where Late Sinemurian and Early Pliensbachian strata In NW Europe (text-figs. 4-8) besides the Wine Haven section are exposed. This boundary therefore is based on ammonites of (GSSP), the presence of Apoderoceras nodogigas (Quenstedt) Euroboreal affinites and we are faced with correlation problems - leckenbyi (Wright), Apoderoceras aculeatum (Simpson), Tei- with the Tethyan and Pacific regions. So it is was important to raspidoceras quadrarmatum (Dumortier) are close indicators propose correlations in term of biohorizons around these stage of the boundary (text-fig. 4). This is the best approximation to (and substage) boundaries and to illustrate the characteristic am the lowermost Pliensbachian and some homogeneity of the fauna monites of this period. throughout the domain allows good correlations with the GSSP. The superfamily Eoderoceratoidea dominated the NW European ammonite fauna of the Pliensbachian (about 7 m.y.) and, with the The Eoderoceratoidea Spath 1929 dominate the ammonite fauna Dactylioceratidae, persisted through to the middle Toarcian. during the Lower Pliensbachian. Among this superfamily, the Stratigraphy, vol. 7, no. I. 2010
Dumortier 1869 (8,9). Qucnslcdl 1884/85(1.2.5,15.16).Howarth 1962 (10). 2002 (II). Schlegclmilch 1976(20). Schlatter 1980(3.4.7). 1991 (6.14. 19). Hoffmann 1982 (13). Donovan 1990 (12). Dommergues & Meister 1992 (17). Mcislcr et al. 2003 (18)
TEXT-FIGURE 4 Illustration of the characteric ammonites from the topmost Sinemurian and the lowermost Pliensbachian in NW Europe. 1: Paramicroderoceras fila (Quenstedt). 2: Eoderoceras Una (Quenstedt), 3: Hyperderoceras retusum (Simpson), 4: Hyperderoceras sociale (Simpson), 5: Paramicroderoceras bimacula (Quenstedt), 6: Apoderoceras sparsinodum (Quenstedt), 7: Epideroceras (Coeloderoceras) hiruga (Quenstedt). 8: Telraspidoceras quadrar matum (Dumortier), 9: Apoderoceras nodogigas (Quenstedt), 10: Apoderoceras aculealum (Simpson), 11: Phricodoceras cornutum (Simpson), 12: Vicininodiceras simplicosta Trueman, 13: Telraspidoceras quadrarmatum (Dumortier), 14: Eoderoceras armatum (Sowerby) - miles (Simpson). 15: Phricodoceras taylori (Sowerby), 16: Phricodoceras taylori (Sowerby), 17: Bifericeras donovani Dommergues & Meister, 18: Bifericeras donovani Dommergues & Meister, 19: Paltechioceras tardecrescens (Hauer), 20: Paltechioceras aplanatum (Hyatt). The numbers correspond to figure 4.5,6. The black scale bar = I cm.
H7 Christian Meister: Worldwide ammonite correlation at the Pliensbachian Stage
SI \N|1\KI> HORIZONS YORSIIIRKU'K) HEBRIDES UJK) DORSET (UK) IiumiI on NW Kiiropcun fminiis Wine Haven lOSSl'l All! Feurns. Kuasut. Paha? CoasI and Inland Sptfk IMJ.Oeny 1*7;. l
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"J/*, p. hrrruptna I Plaixpleum. tp [• '"i I'i'/iin. ^ INttyiiinrphut IVlymocphmi .' f«h;,n,phn,< /•../>rrt.i^ihitW^f^gfaJUMntK Pl.HY ,,ipr,irium Taylori Phncadntrrat ta\lorij\fH*lenxrrii\ - p A/KWVm. p. Iftirnhyi/ /"Ar. Taylori Nndugigiu .1 fic-Jcisicm <• quadra 1 ;•. I, r, |U> i* I whtrnineuliirr'P /iiv/cwi" Domivditi [Biftri Konuuiurum I'alin huxrrut lot iVoritmiTP all mmanicum i £ iirmat.mil. . Pall, umln rru-rn\ ' Pall i-'Mrii I'ult rr< ti.intotwn I- sunk, rru .•-,.* / urirunim-rWtVl* ^ " Aplmwlum fardciwcnsj || 5- AaWPlMi l',dte In UK. Bifericeras donovani Dommergues & Meister is, until nov. sp.) (maybe Catriceras (?) cf. catriense Venturi) may be close now, restricted to the Yorkshire coast (text-fig. 5). In other re indicator in North Central and South America (text-fig. 11). gions, the position of the boundary can be identified by the pres ence of Apoderoceras gr. leckenbyi (Wright) associated (or not) The strong endemism for the period and the important renewal with Phricodoceras taylori (Sowerby). In Germany, A. gr. nodo- of the ammonite faunas still increase the problems of correla gigas (Quenstedt), A. sparsinodum (Quenstedt), Telraspidoceras tion with Euroboreal and Tethyan Domains. Possibly systematic quadrarmatum (Dumortier) are the index species close to the isotopes studies in some selected fossiliferous localities could SPB (text-fig. 6). In France, the resolution is similar to that we supply ammonite data and provide better data to correlate with have in Germany; only a strange form «Microderoceras» sp. is the GSSP of the Pliensbachian. recorded from the Corbieres (text-fig. 7). In the Lusitanian Basin, we have the presence of Vicininodiceras and Apoderoceras over The Lower-Upper Boundary of the Pliensbachian Stage lying a biohorizon with Gemmellaroceras sp. (text-fig. 8). The (LUPB) position of SPB remains uncertain and now is in reinvestigation. If the duration of the Pliensbachian is about 7 m.y. and Lower and In the Cordillera Iberica, the SPB limit still cannot be placed Upper Pliensbachian of the order of 3.5 m.y. each (see above). very precisely; here also Gemmellaroceras sp. is present near to The LUPB may estimated at about 186.5 m.y. the boundary. The correlations with the Gemmellaroceras aenig- maticum biozone of Subbeticas is not exactly known but Gem The situation for the Lower-Upper Pliensbachian Boundary is mellaroceras seems to be an important biostratigraphical marker different than for the Sinemurian-Pliensbachian Boundary be in the Ibcric peninsula. cause of the absence of a formal definition for this boundary (text-fig. 12). The Pliensbachian Working Group is currently fo cusing its efforts on this topic in order to propose a GSSP for this B) Tethyan Domain boundary (Meister 2007). In the Tethyan Domain, the ammonite fauna is totally differ ent already at the generic level and correlation with the GSSP Short historical background is difficult. Although the Eoderoceratida remain conclusive for When Bonarelli (1894) used for the first time the name Dome the base of the Pliensbachian, Hildoceratoidea started to play a rian, he refered to the ammonite faunas of the Medolo of the major role for biostratigraphy since the Ibex Chronozone. Nev Mt. Domaro (Southern Calcareous Alps, North Italy). Cita (1962) ertheless, one genus Catriceras (C. catriense Venturi and C. defined a type locality («Domerien-Type») which is not a pre pannonicum Meister & Geczy) seems to indicate very close to cise outcrop but rather the area of Mt. Domaro. Two main out the base of the Pliensbachian (e.g. Apennine, Hungarian Upper crops occur: Mt. Domaro-Colma di Domaro and Mt. Domaro- Austroalpin) (text-figs. 9 and 10). The presences of Paraderoc- Gardone. The first is a sequence of alterning marly limestones eras in the Apennines and of Bakonyceras evolution (Geczy) in and marls called Medolo Deposits (see Bcttoni 1900), very rich the Hungarian Austroalpine can also be considered as approxi in macrofossils mainly cephalopods, brachiopods, gastropods, mate indicators of the SPB. In the Austrian Upper Austroalpine, bivalves and echinoids. The second outcrop is situated on the in Tunisia and in the High Atlas where Paramicroderoceras is northern part of Mt. Domaro and is mainly composed of lime present, there remains a quite large uncertainty. For the Subbeti stones; fossils are much less abundant. cas and Pontides the position of the boundary is still uncertain (text-fig. 8). Troughout the whole area (see Cita 1962; Dommergues et al. 1997) the LUPB cannot be identified with precision either be C) East Pacific Domain cause it is not obvious in the sequence (Mte Domaro-Gardone) Here the boundary is still uncertain and cannot be accurately posi or mainly because the alternatives of marls and marly limestones tioned with ammonites. The presence of Paltechioceras tardecre- are now covered by fields or forests (Mte Domaro-Colma di Do scens (Hauer) and of Paramicroderoceras (= «Tetraspidoceras» maro). Nevertheless, several other localities in western Tethys Stratigraphy, vol. 7. no. I, 2010 NW GERMANY SW GERMANY SW GERMANY CORDILLERA H.itlmann l'>M. 1982. Asclfinccn A I'liensbach [BERICA (Spain Cmms Ktnuiti] l9Hs SUB - SUBCHRONO- ttfcitvtrui& Id''iiiiiii" I9M. ZONE S SthUici 1491 Schlatter 19811. iwi ('<««•* Hi-npl]>ci al IW» STAGE S ZONES liLmct..! rum CHRONO - Jiinu-sonl / jamesam V jtmrumi Upionia jamesoni • bmnni Plan trntiilohux RrvvUpinu " lnrvixptiM l P. mlunda \P. gr. brrvispina 1 P. brrvixpinoides' Pluiy. brrvispimi Plut\. brrvi\piiui P. rtmiiuhun I'nlvmorphus ruiri-plrun* ei-it niprahwn Polymnrphiles pttlynmrphm PiiI\mi)Tphites fn>l\/norphti\ P. ImaiUn ... feascseeass 1. . Pa-™ 1 •ra.lilM: Radsiockiftrtu CMflrfCfMMM 1 JAMESON ] I'lint'tio v[i htvtoiiS!'PiiFiiukhfVFii.\ *p . /'.II,l(.,.Y'i /-J'.-,.. */ 0 Tavlorl .1. iit'ilt-KiKO^ A. xptir\inmhn& \ nmli>vi\;as^ •\p gf ntHluitiKU* iitiutlranmiliiinS CrmmellariHrnu \p PI.IKNSBACIIIA N J P aptwuaum* Pgr laFdrtirMrns* 1 f» i- * ^^fc n_i* *i 1 armaiuin-milev*/ Gh-v. viriurn S Aplunuluni P. iinhiiuiiumV Pall, lardri rr.u rnf* Pall IH>\II-FI — f... [ hpufrrfKftm *p. '. diStuHum 1I. ,umaium-mde\* ii L. nuuilonnclli 1 L. meigrnl Eoitero. annuium-mitesV — Lepievhin. xiibplii'atum Uppermos t 81 Mucdunni'lli M l KI W < L.d. planum " Kurlcost.il urn Eehioceras rahcuslalum fci*bt(H*f Fil \ FaFtCt} \ tllt()t(tf\ [ partim) Crm Hi/bit mix demirwdus TEXT-FIGURE 6 Biohorizon successions in NW and SW Germany especially in the locality of Pliensbach former stratotype of the Pliensbachian(thegap is obvious) and in Spain (Cordillera Iberica) for the uppermost Sinemurian and the lowermost Pliensbachian and correlation with the chronostratigraphic framework. The numbers correspond to figure3 . and adjacents areas (NW Europe) and in Pacific regions are po del Burano (Macchioni & Meister 2003) and Spain, Subbcticas, tential good for defining this boundary. Therefore this section South Jaen (see Braga 1983)1. In this domain there remain some indicates the best areas for the definition of the boundary and taxonomic problems and there is not complete agreement about their potential for correlations based on ammonites. species significance. The text-figure 13 shows my attempt to homogenize the taxonomy, making correlations throughout the The strong faunal provincialism in the Pliensbachian (Meis- Tethyan Domain easy and precise. ter and Stampfli 2000) makes correlation difficult. It is well expressed during the Davoei Chronozone and specially in the The boundary is also well defined by ammonites and is based on Figulinum Subchronozone with a decrease of ammonite diver the presence of Fuciniceras lavinianum (Fucini) - portisi (Fu- sity (ibidem 2000, p. 258). On the contrary during the Stokesi cini) and most probably of Celonoceraspsiloceroides (Fucini). - Subnodosus Subchronozones (lower part of the Upper Pliens bachian) the diversity increases again and inter-domainal fau C) East Pacific Domain nal exchanges occur even with Pacific regions, [e.g. Fuciniceras In Pacific Domain, the potential is also high [e.g. Whitcavcs Bay (Matteiceras)]. Most probably the faunal exchanges are due to or Rennell Junction in Canada for the North Pacific (see Smith & transgressive marine periods, so favouring correlations. Tipper 1996) and for Quebrada Chauchoquin and Quebrada Vaca Muerta in Chile for the South Pacific (Hillebrandt 2006)]. The Only «key areas» like the Austroalpine units (Austria and Hun appearance of Fanninoceras species with F.fannini McLearn or gary) provide good information for correlations, indeed taxa of F. leptodiscus (Behrendsen) is used for distinguishing the Lower both paleogeographical affinities co-occur and reinforce the cor and Upper Pliensbachian in this domain. It seems clear for these authors (Smith et al. 1988; Hillebrandt 2006) that the boundary relations (text-fig. 13). is situated respectively near the base of the Kunae Biozone for A) NW Euroboreal Domain the North Pacific and near the base of the Fannini Biozone for For NW Europe several locations have potential: from the north the South Pacific. If Fanninoceras leptodiscus (Behrendsen) (South Pacific) and F.fannini McLearn (North Pacific) are situ [U.K., Yorkshire: Hawsker Bottoms or Staithes (see Howarth ated around this line of correlation, its exact position is still to 1958,1992)] to the south the diversity of the ammonites increases be determined (text-fig. 15). This problem of correlation with progressively (e.g. Dorset), even more in the southern part of NW NW Europe and Tethyan Domains is still not resolved, at least Europe Domain [e.g. France, Causses Basin (Riviere-sur-Tarn or by ammonites. In North America, the presence of Amaltheidae Le Samonta (Dommergues & Meister 1985; Meister 1986. 1989) like Amaltheus stokesi (Sowerby) allow good correlations with or Peniche in Portugal (Mouterde et al. 2007]. the NW Euroboral Domain Stokesi Subchronozone and the Ku nae Biozone. But these Amaltheus, as shown by the range chart The definition of the Upper Pliensbachian is well known and is of Smith et al. (1988) are younger than the characteristic fauna based on the association of Amaltheus bifurcus Howarth, Amal- around the Lower and Upper Pliensbachian Boundary and con theus stokesi (Sowerby) and P. (Matteiceras) occidental Dom sequently do not help to precise the position of this boundary. mergues. Correlations are easy and precise throughout this do main (text-fig. 14). Between the NW Europe and Tethyan Domains (text-fig. 16) cor B) Tethyan Domain relations are possible thanks to areas of mixed faunas areas such In the Tethyan Domain the situation is also very good and two as the Upper Austroalpine units in Hungary and Austria. How localities show a good potential [Italy, Central Apennine, Gola ever, note that the correlation between these two domains is only 89 Christian Meister: Worldwide ammonite correlation at the Pliensbachian Stage SIJBBR.ANCONNAIS PYRENEES and BURGUNDY (France! ALPINE UNIT I \I SSKS (Franco mo 02 (France, Switzerland) BAS-LANGUEDOC (France) 30SUBCHRON0- Dummcrcuct 197V. 1487,199... 2001 1 >• •• ... • \ M, I*W7.I9JN. Mmtrr M2. M& MeiMcr & Scwu IWI r««! 3«>?. Fair* .S Almtfr*-. »«* E gN ZONES Jamesoni t/pluniii fitineumi hnmm I gr. flam/rim Upiania Jamrwiu t lameuim brmuu ' 1 Hiuuliini den\un-.la •nmiii iiimruini bmniu Inipidi K-riux , Planpleumeeras brrvlsplna ' Plan, amplinmrlx ! Plan, Irnialobus j Plan, leniillfbm I P. attinlhubronni — Brcvlspinu 1 j PlaiyplcurtH'erui brrvi.ipina 1 Plan, miiitidum 1' brr* spina P. hrrvhf inoulr\ 1 P. 1rcvi spina •brrvispinoides P. brtvispinu I roiiaulum £ Polymorphoi 1 ,i ,„ huh'UH.uis.lnntM.P \~Mt liuteriKeras vrnustulunt Radsti-kitrras gr mvalulum 1 I'hhtinliH eras fm/nn J. ihpcttltti'IFRTK niustuifi I'hm IHIIH eni\ lavlati^® P. gr wviWi*© ipotlen - rrai 11 t/xw \inodus 1.1* Inr i It lnf>PIDIH <'ii- quadrarmul inP^ frlrusp Apt >i/c' "iii^vfu'r/i®' Triraspldn. quadrat maliim^^ /c (7in qiiadruntm MmiHlcriH era\ \ 'l -.p 11J I'alli'i in*', rr TEXT-FIGURE 7 Biohorizon successions in France (Burgundy, Causses, Pyrenees and Languedoc) and Switzerland (Alps) for the uppermost Sinemurian and the low ermost Pliensbachian and correlation with the chronostratigraphic framework. The numbers correspond to figure 3. a proposition. Between the lower part of the Fuciniceras por- Besides direct correlations with ammonites which remain the tisi-lavinianum Biohorizon and the upper part of the Fuciniceras primary marker for this period, the contribution of other fossil costicillatum-dctractum Biohorizon there arc no NW European groups in developing parallel zonations as intermediaries and of faunas to confirm the exact position. Nevertheless the interval of other proxies like isotope stratigraphy and paleomagnetism will uncertainty for this correlation line is quite small; much less than certaintly allow refining the correlations. for correlations with the Pacific areas (text-fig. 17). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In my opinion a locality with a diversified and rich ammonite I cordially thank Professor Nicol Morton (U.K.) and Dr. Joachim fauna should be a better choice. The Southern NW European Blau (Germany) and two anonymous reviewers for their com region (e.g. Causes Basin) seems provide this condition and also ments and the improvement of the English. other fossils groups like brachiopods, proxies that remain to be studied. REFERENCES ALKAYA, F. and MEISTER, C. 1995. Liassic ammonites from the CONCLUSION central and eastern Pontidcs (Ankara and Kclkit areas. Turkey). Despite strong provincialism during the Early-Middle Lias, am Revue de Paleobiologie, 14: 125-193. monites are a good tool for correlations throughout the oceans, at the Sinemurian - Pliensbachian and the Lower - Upper Pliensba ARKELL, W. J., 1950. A classification of the Jurassic ammonites. chian Boundaries, given that the habitat and ecology of the am Journal of Paleontology, 24: 354-367. monites impose restrictions (abundant in platform deposits and rare or absent in oceanic or proximal environments). BETTONI, A., 1900. Fossili Domeriani della Provincia di Brescia. Memoires de la Socie'le paleontologique Suisse, 28: 1-88. Bifericeras donovani Dommergues & Meister determines pre BLAU, J.. 1998. Monographic der Ammoniten des Obersinemuriums cisely the SPB. Nevertheless, Apoderoceras nodogigas (Quen (Lotharingium. Lias) der Lienzer Dolomiten (Osterreich): Biostra- stedt). A. leckenbyi (Wright), Telraspidoceras quadrarmatum tigraphie. Systematik und Palaobiogeographie. Revue de Paleobi ologie. 17: 177-285. (Dumortier) for the Euroboreal Domain and Catriceras catriense Venturi, C. pannonicum Meister & Geczy for the Tethyan Do BLAU, J. and MEISTER, C, 1991. Liassic (Pliensbachian) ammoniies main are also good proxies for this stage boundary. from the Upper Austroalpine (Lienz Dolomites. East Tyrol. Aus tria). Jahrbuch der Ceologischen Bundesanstall. 134 : 171-204. For the LUPB, Amaltheus stokesi (Sowerby), A. bifurcus How- arth, P. (Matteiceras) occidental Dommergues characterize , 2000. Upper Sinemurian ammonite successions based on 41 fau well this substage boundary in the Euroboreal Domain. In the nal horizons: an attempt at worldwide correlalions. CeoResearch Tethyan Domain there are Fuciniceras lavinianum (Fucini) Forum. 6: 3-12. - portisi (Fucini) and probably Cetonoceras psiloceroides (Fu cini). Although the boundary may be slightly shifted with the BLAU. J., MEISTER, C, EBEL. R. and SCHLATTER, R., 2000. correlations, the presence of Fanninoceras leptodiscus (Beh- Upper Sinemurian and Lower Pliensbachian ammonite faunas rendsen) or F. latum McLearn is a good proxy for Pacific areas. from Herford-Diebrock area (NW Germany). Paldonlologische Zeitschrift, 74: 259-280. However, without formal definition with a GSSP for this bound ary, all options remain open. BLAU. J., MEISTER, C. SCHLATTER, R. and SCHMIDT-EFFING. R.. 2003. Ammonites from the Lower Jurassic (Sinemurian) of 90 Stratigraphy, vol. 7. no. I, 2010 LUSITANIAN BASIN Q in HIGH ATLAS TUNISIAN DORSAL .a Z uj (Portugal) (Morocco) (Tunisia) oz SUBCHRONO Cornaetal. 1997 El Hariri cl al. 1996 X N Dommcrgucs ct al. 1997 Lachkarei al. 1998 Rakus & Guex 2002 U ZONES + unpublished data Wilmsenet al.2002 (partly revised herein) IS Is t Mouterdeelal. 1981 (I). 1983(2,3), El Hariri et al. 1996 (4). Lachkaret al. 1998 (5). Rakus & Guex 2002 (7). Wilmsen et al. 2002 (6) TEXT-FIGURE 8 Biohorizon successions in Portugal (Lusitanian Basin), in Morocco (High Atlas) and in Tunisia (Tunisian Dorsale) for the uppermost Sinemurian and the lowermost Pliensbachian and correlation with the chronostratigraphic framework. 1: Apoderoceras sp., 2: Pseudophricodoceras dayiforme Mouterde et al., 3: Pseudophricodoceras caprariforme Mouterde et al., 4: Miltoceras taguendoufi El Hariri et al., 5: Pallechioceras cf. lardecrescens (Hauer). 6: Paramicroderoceras sp.. 7: Phricodoceras gr. (?) bettonii Geczy. The numbers in the table correspond to the ammonite illustrations. The black scale bar = I cm. Tenango de Doria (Sierra Madre Oriental. Mexico). Part III: Echio- BRAGA. J. C. and RIVAS. P., 1985. The Mediterranean Tropidoceras ceratidae. Revue de Paliobiologie, 22: 421-437. (Ammonitina) in the Betic Cordilleras. Eclogae Geolologicae Helvetiae, 78: 567-605. BONARELLI. G.. 1894. Contribuzione alia conoscenza del Giura-Lias lombardo. Atti delta Accademia delle Scienze di Torino. 30: 63-78. BRAGA, J. C. COMAS RENGIFO, M. J.. GOY, A. and RIVAS, P., 1982. Comparacione faunisticas y correlaciones en el Pliens- BRAGA, J.-C, 1983. "Ammonites del Domerense de la zona subbetica bachiense de la Zona Subbetica y Cordillera Iberica. Bolletin de la (Cordilleras beticas. Surde Espafia)." Unpubl. PhD thesis, Universi- Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural, 80: 221-244. dad de Granada: 410 p. 91 Christian Meister: Worldwide ammonite correlation at the Pliensbachian Stage APENNINES (Italy) SUBBETICAS • S3 6v. rcrrem 1975. 1991. r'araoni cl al 1994. 1996.2000-3002. (Spain) SI HI IlkoVi Dommcrguc* ct al. 1994. Rivas 1979. Fli.i.-.i el al 1985, ZONES Vcnliiii cl al 2004. 20115.2007 parti, reused herein Bntl&RivM 1985 MitUKerus senuenscTropido. eryihrueumlT. fltmdrini Tropidoceras erythraeum I.mi. -mil "P." (mTMUioceras) appemtiiUcus — ,—J^II — Brevlspinu LJ Metaderttceras (=Farinacciles) ssp. "CeoltH'eru\% Millocerus sellae ® "Puramorphites * |j Fu J l'nkm I OUT. EROS i I III 11 ©Q L'OR.I,LEIIH-ER,I\ P. cf. lurtlecrcstens ©/ P' rWWDffCMlH PoromicrtHlertn FITS ssp £ Aplanntum Radsttiekiceros pehlombanon z Golalireros sp. II PultecltitKerus sp. 8.5- Macdonnrlli Porosieroceras sp. A — — h 2: Gcmmellaro I8B4 (10). Karit'iistatlim Paroslerrtceros pttltllelttim Fcrrelli 1975 (2). Dommeiguescl al 1994(1.3,4). (PARTIM) I "w' Faraonielal. 19960.6.9).Vemuriclal 2004(7.81 TEXT-FIGURE 9 Biohorizon successions in Italy (Apennines) and in Spain (Subbeticas) for the uppermost Sinemurian and the lowermost Pliensbachian and correla tion with the chronostratigraphic framework. I: Vicininodiceras gollingense (Rosenberg), 2: Paramicroderoceras sp., 3: Pallechioceras romanicum (Uhlig), 4: Pallechioceras cf. lardecrescens (Hauer), 5: Catriceras catriense Venturi, 6: Catriceras catriense Venturi, 7: Paraderoceras sp.. 8: Omod- eroceras sp., 9: Paramicroderoceras sp., 10: Miltoceras sellae (Gemmellaro). The numbers in the table correspond to the ammonite illustrations and Fu 1,2, 3 are the bioevents of Venturi et al. (2005, fig. 3). The black scale bar = I cm. BRAGA. J. C., JIMENEZ, A. P. and RIVAS. P.. 1987. Lytoceratidae bres et microfossiles, Groupe francais delude du Jurassique. Bul (Ammonoidea) del Lias Medio de la Zona Subbetica. Bolletin de la letin des Centres de Recherche Exploration-Production Elf-Aqui- Real Sociedad Espahola de Hisloria Natural. 82: 5-23. taine. Memoire, 17: 9-14. BRAGA, J. C. MARTIN-ALGARRA, A. and RIVAS, P., 1985. DEAN, W. T, DONOVAN. D. T. and HOWARTH, M. K., 1961. The Ammonites du Lias inferieur (Sinemurien - Lotharingien) de Liassic Ammonite Zones and Subzones of the North West Euro Sierra Harana (Cordilleres benques, Espagne). (In lerColl. du pean Province. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Centre International d'Etude du Lias). Les Cahiers de I'Universile Geology, 4: 435-505. Catholique de Lyon, Serie Sciences. 14: 85-100. DOMMERGUES, J. -L., 1979. "LeCarixien bourguignon, Biostratig BUCKM AN. S. S.. 1909-1930. Yorkshire type Ammonites (later: Type raphie, Paleogeographie, Approches paleontologiques et siidimen- Ammonites]. London: Wheldon and Wesley [see detailed bibliogra tologiques." Unpubl. doctotral thesis, 3eme cycle, Universite de phy in Dean. Donovan and Howarth. 1961). Dijon, 195 pp CALLOMON, J. H.. 1995. Time from fossils: S. S. Buckman and , 1987. L'evolution chez les Ammonitina du Lias moyen (Carix- Jurassic high-resolution geochronology. In: Le Bas, M. J., ed.. ien, Domirien basal) en Europe occidenlale. Lyon: Laboratoire de Milestones in Geology. 127-150. London: The Geological Society. Geologie, Universite de Lyon.. Documents, no. 98: 297 p. Memoir 16: , 1993. Les ammonites du Sinemurien superieurdc Bourgogne COMAS RENGIFO, M. J., 1985. "El Pliensbachiense de la Cordiliera (France): biostratigraphie et remarques paleontologiques. Revue de iberica." Unpubl. PhD thesis. Universidad de Madrid: 591 p. PaUobiologie. 12(1): 67-173. COMAS RENGIFO. M. J.. GOMEZ. J. J., GOY, A., HERRERO, C, •, 1997. Chapitre III. Syntheses biochronologiques. Le Jurassique PER1LLI, N. and RODRIGO, A., 1999. El Jurasico Inferior en la infeVieur. (In Cariou, E. et Hantzergue, P. Biostratigraphie du section de Almonacid de la Cuba (sector centra de la Cordillera Jurassique ouest-europeen et mediterranean. Zonations paralleles Iberica, Zaragoza, Espana). Cuadernos de Geologia Iberica. 25: et distribution des invertebres et microfossiles, Groupe Francais 27-57. d'Etude du Jurassique). Bulletin du Centre Recherche Elf. Explora tion et Production, 17: 347-353. CITA, M. B.. 1964. Contribution a la connaissance du Domenen- type. Commission international de Stratigraphie. ed., Colloque du 12003. Nouvelles donnees sur les ammonites du Carixien basal Jurassique d Luxembourg 1962, Volume des Compies Rendus el (Jurassique infe>ieur) en Europe du Nord-Ouest: les faunes de Memoires, 173-188. Luxembourg: Institut Grand-Ducal. Corbigny (Nievre, Bourgogne, France). Bulletin Scientifique de Bourgogne, 51 (1): 12-36. CORNA, M.. DOMMERGUES, J. -L., MEISTER. C. and MOUTERDE. R., 1997. Sinemurien. In: Cariou, E. and Hantz- DOMMERGUES. J. -L. and MEISTER. C, 1985. Precisions sur la perguc, P. (coord. ), Biostratigraphie du Jurassique ouest-europeen limite Carixien-Domerien dans les Causses (France). Bulletin de et miditerraneen: zonations paralleles et distribution des inverte- Geologie de I'universite de Lausanne, 283: 255-261. 92 Stratigraphy, vol. 7, no. I. 2010 AUSTRIAN UPPER AUSTROALPINE HUNGARIAN UPPER AUSTROALPINE PONTTDES (Turkey) (Vorarlbcrg. Adnet area, Lien/, dolomilcs) (Bakony) 3, I.mi, MUM I'plonia jamesnni - brtmni I Tropidin-eros sp. Uplimiu jumeumil T.flundrini drnmmlul F. utnli-u: Uptonia lata I U. aff. confusa I ? Tropidoceras PlatypleurtKeras hrevispina I P. amplinatrix I Platy. aff. ohlongum IE. lardecrescens Rirvispina Meladeroceras aff. operlum P. roiimtium I P. brevisptnoides I Meladewceras sp Platypleuroi't'ras rot milium | Poijmorphu.s Miltoceras sellae PscuduplimUi suessi © 4H> /'. micrtnnphuUi P. aff. gr. dttbiiim Gem. oeninmaiicum / Fuciniceras aff. ionicu.s\ laWnri Paramicroderoceras alT. hungaricum* Radsiockiceras sp. IJWftmy '••"ni- uniQjuihoivccras evolutumGl | Pall. lardecrescens^/ Pall. rcnumii urn \ Pall, romanicumty I Epideroceras sppffij Aplanatum I'all lardecrescens^ Pall.oosler, End. yuena& Pallechioceras lardecrescens €> hungaricum 5 E= 2 = i>/>r. meigeni I Lepi. macdonnelli Is 3 ! ^ Macdonnelli Left, meigeni < I'all. charpenlicrii I' meisleri rharpenlieri Poramicrttdero.'! sp. Karicoslaliini P. aff. mlhplelzi ipartim) fait, favrei 'fall, buchini PallechitH-eras boehmi-favrei Hauer 1856(31. Gccz, 1976 (1.5.71. Alkaya A Meister 1995 IK.9. 10, 121. Blau I99K (21. Meister & Friehe 2003 (6).Gee/, el Meister 2007 14, 111 TEXT-FIGURE 10 Biohorizon successions in Austria (Alps), in Hungary (Bakony) and in Turkey (Pontides) for the uppermost Sinemurian and the lowermost Pliens bachian and correlation with the chronostratigraphic framework. I: Bakonyceras evolulum (Geczy), 2: Eoderoceras gruenae (Blau), 3: Pallechioc eras lardecrescens (Hauer), 4: Catriceras pannonicum Meister & Geczy, 5: Paramicroderoceras hungaricum (Geczy), 6: Paramicroderoceras aff. hungaricum (Geczy). 7: Paraderoceras ? sp., 8: Pseuduptonia suessi (Gugenberger), 9: Pallechioceras romanicum (Uhlig), 10: Pseuduptonia suessi (Gugenberger), II: Pallechioceras cf. lardecrescens (Hauer), 12: Epideroceras sp. The numbers in the table correspond to the ammonite illustrations. The black scale bar = I cm. —i 1987. Succession des faunes d'ammonites au Langeneckgrat Suisse et France). Bolletlino delta Socield Paleontologica llaliana. (Prealpes mtidianes. region de Thoune, Suisse): une serie de re 30: 303-324. ference dans le Sinemurien superieur Geobios, 20: 313-335. 1 1992. Late Sinemurian and Early Carixian ammonites in Europe —, 1989. Succession des faunes d'ammonites du Sinemurien superi with cladistic analysis of sutural characters. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie eur dans le Chablais meridional et les klippes de Savoie (Prealpes und Palaontologie, 185:211-237. mediants. Haute-Savoie. France). Geobios. 22: 455-483. , 1999. Cladistic formalisation of relationships within a superfamily of —i 1990. De la Grosse Pierre des Encombres aux Klippes de Suisse Lower Jurassic Ammonitina: Eoderocerataceae. Revue Paleobiologie, 18 centrale: un test d'homogencite des paleoenvironnements sub- (I): 273-286. brianconnais et des contraintes paleobiogeographiques alpines par les ammonites du Lias moyen (Jurassique infeneur). Bulletin de la DOMMERGUES. J. -L., CUBAYNES, R.. FAURE, P. and MOUTERDE, Societe geologique de France. 8: 635-646. R., 1982. La premiere espece d'Harpoceratinae (Ammonitina) implan- tee dans la province subboreale: Protogrammoceras occidentale n. sp. —. 1990. Les faunes d'ammonites de I'Austroalpin Moyen dans les Comptes Rendus de I'Academie des Sciences de Paris, Serie 3,294: Alpes Rhetiques italiennes (region de Livigno); biostratigraphie 657-660. et implications paleogeographiques. Revue Paleobiologie, 9 (2): 291-307. DOMMERGUES. J. -L., FERRETTI. A. and MEISTER. C, 1994. Les faunes d'ammonites du Sinemurien de I'Apennin Central (Marches et To- —, 1991. Successsion des faunes d'ammonites du Sinemurien et du scane, Italie). Bolleltino delta Societa Paleontologica llaliana, 33: 13-42. Pliensbachien dans le Chablais septentrional (Prealpes medianes, 93 Christian Meister: Worldwide ammonite correlation at the Pliensbachian Stage on SOUTH AMERICA NORTH & CENTRAL AMERICA Z LU (Argentina, Chile, Peru) (USA, Canada, Mexico) C z. Imlay 1968. Smith 1981. Smith et al. 1988 SUBCHRONO Hillebrandl 1987.2002.2006 Thompson & Smith 1992. Palfy et al. 1994 QuinzioSinn 1987. Riccardi el al. 1992 Taylor et al. 2001. Schlatter & Schmidt-Effing 1984 c/3 ZONES Meister et al. 2002.2005. Blau et al. 2003 T.flandrini Tropidoceras ssp. Jamesoni P. laticostatum ® 1 = Brevispina Pseudoskirroceras imlayi ® Z Q ? = Miltoceras aff. je7/fle / P. afL taylori 19 3g Folymorphus Pseudoskirroceras wiedenmayeri**/ M. chicaense t ° z • » »- "Telraspidoceras" nov. sp.® Taylori Catriceras (?) cf. catrienseO/ C. I'.') hamulattim ®® s Radstockiceras gr. numismale Paramicroderoceras sp.®/ Jamesonites sp. ? "Crucilobiceras" sp. Paltechioceras tardecrescens Aplanatum P. cf. tardecrescens P. oosteri/Param. spJEod. sp.6| A ? Orthechioceras sp.® ill- a: < - 8,1 P s P. cf. romanicum — — 2 Macdonnelli 3 Z Raricostatum P. cf. boehmi/P. cf. liciense P. rothpletzi (partim) P. cf. meisleril Paramicroderoceras P. aff. boehmi I Paliechioceras ssp. Wcstcmiann 1992 (8). Palfy cl al. 1994 (9). Smith et al. 1988 (12). Taylor el al. 2001 (3). Hillebrandl 2002 (1. 2). 2006 (4.5.6.7. 10. II) TEXT-FIGURE 11 Biohorizon successions in South, Central and North America for the uppermost Sinemurian and the lowermost Pliensbachian and correlation with the chronostratigraphic framework. I: Paltechioceras cf. tardecrescens (Hauer), 2: Eoderoceras sp., 3: ? Orthechioceras sp., 4: Catriceras (?) hamula- turn Hillebrandt. 5: Paramicroderoceras sp., 6: Catriceras (?) cf. catriense Venturi, 7: Catriceras (?) hamulatum Hillebrandl, 8: Pseudoskirroceras wiedenmayeri Hillebrandt, 9: «Tetraspidoceras» nov. sp., 10: Miltoceras chicaense Hillebrandt, 11: Pseudoskirroceras laticostatum Hillebrandt, 12: Pseudoskirroceras imlayi Smith & Tipper. The numbers in the table correspond to the ammonite illustrations. The black scale bar = 1 cm. DOMMERGUES. J. -L., MEISTER. C. and BOHM. F., 1995. New DONOVAN, D. T., 1990. The Late Sinemurian ammonite genus data on Austroalpine Liassic Ammonites from the adnet quarries Vicinodiceras Trueman. In: Jubile scientifique Rene Mouterde, 16 and adjacent areas (Oberosterreich. Northern Calcareous Alps). juillet 1990, Lyon. Les Cahiers de TUniversite Catholique de Lyon, Jahrbuch der Ceologischen Bundesanstalt, 138: 161-205. Sirie Sciences. 4. DOMMERGUES, J. -L., MEISTER. C. and MOUTERDE, R., 1997. DUMORTIER, E., 1869. Etudes paleonlologiques sur les depots Pliensbachien. In: Cariou, E. and Hantzpergue, P. (coord.), Biostra- jurassiques du hassin du Rhone. 3eme partie. Lias may: 29-39. en. tigraphie du Jurassique ouest-europeen et mediterranean: zonations Paris: Savy. 348 pp. paralleles et distribution des invertebrts et microfossiles, Groupe francais delude du Jurassique. Bulletin du Centre Recherche Elf. EL HARIRI. K.. DOMMERGUES, J. -L., MEISTER. C, SOUHEL, Exploration et Production. Mimoires. 17: 15-23; 114-119. A. and CHAFIKI, D., 1996. Les ammonites du Lias infcrieuret moyen du Ham-Atlas de Beni-Mellal (Maroc): Taxinomie et bio- 12002. Fuciniceras paradoxus nov. sp. (Harpoceratinae. Ammo- stratigraphie a Haute resolution. Geobios. 29: 537-576. nitina) du Domerien portugais. Reflexion sur le sens taxonomique d'un assemblage paradoxal de caracteres. Geobios, 33: 329-358. FARAONI. P.. MARINI, A. and PALLINI. G.. 1994. Nuove faune ad ammoniti delle zone ad E. mirabilis ed H. serpentinus nella 94 Stratigraphy, vol. 7, no. 1, 2010 ! NORTH | SOUTH AMERICA NW EUROPE WESTERN TETHYS Iamerica < Oct Bioevents Bio Bio 55 gc Subchrono potential (= biohorizons) zones zones u Biozones Biozones Biohorizons < j= 8 zones Zonules Ap. Be. U 03 on - Z F. fannini Celebratum F. celebratum E 3 3 W C c J I i s Nitescens F. marianii C9 D- C j« u Stokes i F. leptodiscus Monestieri a. ^ a. F. bri'vitpiraniiii > > a. CO. ea s Occidentale F. lavinianum F. oortisi Figulinum A. behrendseni Figuli- C3 cau num . A. carinatus Angulatum A.prorsiflexus Crescens 3 S O I O u F. costicil- X) A. volkheimeri o capncor- —• > Capricornus latum S E. arayaensis nus •S E 3 Q O ~ Lataecosta O O O G u O E. ovatoides -\ . „ . j Maculatum C3Q ' Macula- ! u E. multicostatus j F. volubile II E I turn | Sparsicosta e3 w E. meridianus | Luridum F. dilectum E^ i 8 £ Luridum Crassum a. D. latidorsale \ X) D. /•'. aff. Rotundum dilectum TEXT-FIGURE 12 Biostratigraphic framework around the Lower - Upper Pliensbachian Boundary in Pacific areas and in western Tethys and correlation with the potential chronostratigraphic framework, of NW Europe. Valle del F. Bosso (PS) e loro riflessi sulla biostratigrafia del limite FERRETTI, A. and MEISTER, C, 1994. Composition des faunes Domeriano-Toarciano in Appennino. Studi Geologici Camerti, vol. d'ammonites dans les Apennins des Marches et comparaison avee spec, 247-297. les principales regions tethysiennes et subboreales. Palaeopelagos, Memoire special I: 143-153. FARAONI, P., MARINI, A., PALLINI, G. and VENTURI. F, 1996. New Carixian ammonite assemblages of Central Apennines (Italy), GECZY, B. and MEISTER, C, 1998. Les ammonites du Domerien de and their impact on Mediterranean Jurassic biostratigraphy. Paleo- la montagne du Bakony (Hongrie). Revue de Paleohiologie, 17(1): pelagos, 6: 75-122. 69-161. , 2000-2002. Protogrammoceratinae and new ammonite as , 2007. Les ammonites du Sinemurien et du Pliensbachien inferi- semblages of the central Apennines and their significance on the eur de la montagne du Bakony (Hongrie). Revue de Paleohiologie. Carixian-Domerian biostratigraphic boundary in the Mediterra 26(1): 137-305. nean paleoprovince. Geologica Romano, 36: 215-249. GEMMELLARO, G. G., 1884. Sui fossili degli strati a Terebratula FAURE, P., 2002. Le Lias des Pyrenees. Strata, Serie 2, 39: 1-761. aspasia della Contrada Rocche Rosse presso Galati (provincia di Messina). Giornale di Scienze natural! ed economiche, 16: 48 p. 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In: Commission international de pliensbachiani del la catena del Catria (Appennino Marchigiano). Stratigraphie, ed.. Colloque du Jurassique a Luxembourg 1962, Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 97: 49-98. Volume de Comptes Rendus et Memoires, 161-167. Luxembourg: Institut Grand-Ducal. 95 Christian Meister: Worldwide ammonite correlation at the Pliensbachian Stage Bakony Austrian Alps NW Europe Apennines Subbeticas Upper austroalpine Biohorizons Biohorizons Biohorizons Biohorizons Biohorizons ! Biohorizons Blau AMeislcr 1991 potential Chrono- Siibchroiui- Faraoni el al. Ferretii & Meister i Macchioni & Braga I9B3 Meister 1995 Meister & Bohm 1993. /oncs zones Zonules 2002 1994 Meister 2003 i Geczy & Meister 1998,2007 Dommergues et al. 199? J Meister & Friebc 2003 Celebralum tebratum F. celebratum ? F. cele- F. celcbratum '•• F. celebratum t. cele- i r. cele bratum _ F. marianii £ Margari- Nilescens ir^IiL . . Slokcsi ratum F. isseli ^ F. brevispiratum \F. isseli'breyispirattim M.^ *:f'' , isseli-brevisp" . M. *i • Moncsticri ^ 1 monestieri • r*^ F. taviniamtm c : F. lavinianum- —' ; F. lavinianum- " "~ ' F. iavinianum Occidenlale T*** F. ponixi F. portisi portisi 1 _C jwrris^ C F. portisi (= ambi^ Figuli- Figulinum num Angulalum /. costiciUatum F. costiciUatum F. casticUlafum (=F. "dilecium" j F. costiciUatum- ; Cresccns sensu Braga) detractum A. crest-ens Capri Capricomus A. cupricornux A. capricomus \ corn us Lataeco.sia F. votubile senxu A. Uitaecosta* A. tataecosta j Maculatum Ferretii — A. maculatum* A. maculaium*\ Macu- F, volubile- lalum : Sparsicosta pantaneUi A. sparsicosta^ TEXT-FIGURE 13 Detail of the biohorizon successions in Tethyan Domain (Apennines, Subbeticas, Bakony and Austrian Alps and correlation with the Lower - Upper Pliensbachian chronostratigraphic framework. C indicates the position of Cetonoceras psiloceroides (Fucini). The * means NW paleogeographical affinities. GRADSTEIN, F. M., OGG, J. G., SMITH A. G. et al., 2004. A Geologi HOFFMANN, K., 1964. Die Stufe des Lotharingien (Lotharingium) cal Time Scale 2004. www.stratigraphy.org im Unterlias Deutschlands und allgemeine Betrachtungen uber das "Lotharingien". In: Commission international de Stratigraphie.ed., HAUG, E., 1908-1911. Traitede Geologie II. Les periodes geologiques, Colloque du Jurassique a Luxembourg 1962, Volume des Comptes livres 1-2: 539-1396. Paris:Armand Colin. Rendus et Memoires, 135-160. Luxembourg: Institut Grand-Ducal. HAUER, F. von, 1856. Uber die Cephalopoden aus dem Lias der nor- , 1982. Die Stratigraphie, Palaogeographie und Ammonitenfiih- diistlichen Alpen. Berlin: Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften. rung des Unter-Pliensbachium (Carixium, Lias gamma) in Nord- Denkschriften der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe, west-Deutschland. Geologisches Jahrbuch, Reihe A, 55: 442 p. 11: 1-86. HOWARTH, M. K., 1955. Domerian of the Yorkshire Coast. Proceed HEDBERG, H. D., 1976. International Stratigraphic guide. A guide to ings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 30:147-175. stratigraphic classification, terminology, and procedure. New York: John Wiley and Sons: 200 p. , 1958. The ammonites of the Liassic family Amaltheidae in Brit ain (II). Palaeontographical Society, 27-53, XV-XXXVII. HESSELBO, S. P. and JENKYNS, H. C, 1995. A comparison of the Hettangian to Bajocian successions of Dorset and Yorkshire. In: P. D. , 1962. The Yorkshire type ammonites and nautiloids of Young Taylor, ed., Field Geology of the British Jurassic, 105-150.. London: and Bird, Phillips, and Martin Simpson. Palaeontology, 5: 93-136. The Geological Society. , 2002. The Lower Lias of Robin Hood's Bay, Yorkshire, and the , 1998. British Lower Jurassic Sequence Stratigraphy. In: De work of Leslie Bairstow. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, Graciansky, P. C, Hardenbol, J., Jacquin, T. and Vail, P. R., eds, Geology, 58: 81-152. 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Lower Pliensbachian "Carixian" of Charmouth. 12007. Pliensbachian Working Group report. International Sub- Geological Magazine, 10 (9): 400-413. commission on Jurassic Stratigraphy Newsletter. 34 (2): 8-13. , 1928. The Belemnite Marls of Charmouth. a series in the Lias MEISTER, C, ABERHAN, M„ BLAU, J., DOMMERGUES, J. -L.. of the Dorset Coast. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of FEIST-BURKHARDT, S., HAILWOOD. E. A., HART. M.. HES- London, 84: 179-257. SELBO. S. P., HOUNSLOW, M. H., HYLTON, M., MORTON, N., PAGE, K. and PRICE, G., 2006. The Global Boundary Stratotype MACCHIONI, F. and MEISTER. C, 2003. Ammonite biostratigraphy Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Pliensbachian Stage of some Mediterranean sections. 2: The succession of the Gola de (Lower Jurassic), Wine Haven, Yorkshire, UK. Episodes, 29 (2): F. Burano (Umbria-Machigiano Basin. Apennine). a reference sec 93-106. tion for Tethyan Domain. Revue de Paleohiologie, 22 (I): 363-420. MEISTER, C. and BOHM, F.. 1993. Austroalpine Liassic Ammonites MEISTER. C 1982. Distribution stratigraphique des ammonites car- from the Adnet Formation (Northern Calcareous Alps). Jahrbuch ixiennes des Causses (France): remarques preJiminaires. Bolletin der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 136: 163-211. de la Societe vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles, 361: 73-83. MEISTER, C. and FRIEBE. J. G.. 2003. Austroalpine Liassic ammo , 1986. Les ammonites du Carixien des Causses (France). Mi- nites from Vorarlberg (Austria, Nothern Calcareous Alps). Beilrdge moires suisses de Paleontologie, 109: 209 p. zur Paldontologie, 28: 9-99. , 1989. Les ammonites du Domirien des Causses (France). MEISTER, C. and SCIAU, J., 1988. Une faune inedite d'ammonites du Analyses pale'ontologiques et stratigraphiques. Lyon: CNRS. Carixien inferieur des Causses (France). Revue de Paleohiologie. Cahiers de Paleontologie. 98 p. Museum de Geneve. 7(1): 261-269. , 1995. Essai de correlations au Lias moyen (Sinemurien su- MEISTER. C. and STAMPFLI. G„ 2000. Les ammonites du Lias perieur et Carixien) entre les Pontides et les principals regions moyen (Pliensbachien) de la Neotethys et de ses conlins; composi adjacentes de la Tethys occidentale et de 1'Europc du nord-ouest. tions fauniques, affinites paleogeographiques et biodiversite. Revue Hantkeniana, I : 75-82. de Paleohiologie, 19: 227-292. 97 Christian Meister: Worldwide ammonite correlation at the Pliensbachian Stage Lower - Upper Pliensbachian Boundary South America Ammonite faunas North America Ammonite faunas I'anninoceras leptodiscus (Bcbrendscn) TEXT-FIGURK 15 Significant ammonites from around the Lower - Upper Pliensbachian Boundary for South and North America. The black scale bar = I cm. MEISTER C. BLAU. J. and BOHM. F.. 1994. Ammonite biostratigra Ilia) Domerien (Ammonites). Cienciasda Terra, 16:67-1II. phy of the Pliensbachian stage in the Upper Austroalpine Jurassic. 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Atlas des fossiles caracteVistiques du Lias portugais. 9H Stratigraphy, vol. 7, no. 1,2010 Emerged land (non-deposition assumed and/or ascertained) 1-18 Sinemurian and Pliensbachian localities discussed herein tyy—\ Shallow marine deposits mainly terrigene / carbonated 0 GSSP tor the Sinemurian - Pliensbachian I I (Hemi)pelagic deposits of epicontinental basins f_J Potential good localities tor the Lower-Upper Pliensbachian Deep preoceanic / oceanic basin deposits Boundary • • Southern line tor the Pliensbachian faunas rich in taxa of NW European affinities TEXT-FIGURE 16 Detail of the locations in the Western Tethys and adjacent areas for the Sinemurian - Pliensbachian and the Lower - Upper Pliensbachian Boundar ies. 1: Hebrides (UK), 2: Yorkshire (UK), 3: Dorset (UK), 4: NW Germany. 5: SW Germany, 6: Burgundy (France), 7: Subbrianconnais Alpine Unit (France, Switzerland), 8: Lusitanian Basin (Portugal), 9: High Atlas (Morocco), 10: Subbeticas (Spain), 11: Cordillera Iberica (Spain), 12: Tunisian Dorsal, 13: Apennines (Italy), 14: Pyrenees and Bas-Languedoc (France), 15: Causses Basin (France), 16: Hungarian Upper Austroalpine, 17: Austrian Upper Austroalpine, 18: Pontides (Turkey). 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