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Paleontological Contributions THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PALEONTOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS August 17, 1973 Paper 64 SYSTEMATICS OF LOWER LIASSIC AMMONITINA 1). T. DoNovAN and G. F. FoRsEy University CAlege, London, EngLind ABSTRACT A revised classification of the Ammonitina of the Lower Lias (Hettangian, Sinemurian, and Lower Pliensbachian Stages) is given. This will be used in the revision of the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Volume L (Cephal)poda: Ammonoidea). The number of genera upheld is reduced as compared with the first edition of the Treatise (1957), chiefly as a result of the relegation of more genera to synonymy. The interpretation of a number of genera is discussed, and type specimens are designated where necessary for type species of genera. INTRODUCTION All the entries for Jurassic ammonites in the bigny, and Quenstedt being the chief ones. This first edition of Part L, Ammonoidea, of the gives rise to numerous difficulties of interpreta- Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology (Moore, tion, further complicated by the fact that authors ed., 1957) were written by the late W. J. Arkell of genera, knowing that the original species were who accepted about 650 valid genera, with numer- poorly characterized, often quoted figures of ous synonyms. Arkell's own research had been later authors. Frequently the original species and wholly on Middle and Upper Jurassic ammonites the later author's figure are not conspecific, or and the classification and synonymy of the Lower even congeneric, by modern standards. In the Liassic genera in the Treatise resulted from an 1950's when the first edition of Treatise Part I. extensive correspondence between Arkell and was being prepared, the Rules of the Zoological Donovan. Donovan is revising the genera of this Code required that the nominal type species be age (except phyllocerataceans and lytocerataceans) interpreted in the sense of its original author for the projected new edition of Volume L. A (Arkell, 1950, p. 357). This sometimes resulted rigorous check of all genera by Forsey, made in the meaning of the genus being changed from possible by a grant from National Science Founda- that of its author, who had "illegally" quoted a tion funds made available to the editors of the later figure as "genotype" or "genolectotype." Treatise (GB-27274), has revealed a number of Since then the Rules have been revised (ICZN, deficiencies, principally as regards the designation 1964) and a new rule (Article 70 (b): Deliberate of types. It is one purpose of the present paper to use of misi (lentification) permits some of these remedy these. The other purpose is to present in genera to be interpreted as their authors intended. outline the classification which will be employed An example is Epammonites (p. 5). in the Treatise revision. In all practical cases lectotypes have been Almost without exception Lower Liassic am- designated for type species which did not hitherto monite genera were founded on old species of possess either a holotype or a lectotype. In cases nineteenth century authors: the Sowerbys, d'Or- where syntype material does not exist, and has not 2 The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions—Paper 64 been well figured, neotypes are proposed, the age and is placed in Coeloceratinae. Most changes adequate definition of the type species being re- are smaller than these and have been made in an garded as proper grounds for this under Article attempt to make the classification more consistent 75. and better balanced. A few cases either defy solution or must await Seventy-six genera are recognized in this re- discovery of new material. The genus Ophidero- vision as against 106 in corresponding groups in ceras Spath, 1925, was based on a single specimen, the first edition. Apart from the transfers men- briefly described, and illustrated by an indifferent tioned above, and removal of four genera to "In- halftone block and a line drawing. The holotype, certae sedis," this reduction results from further whose exact locality and horizon were not known, relegation of genera to synonymy. This has been was lost when Hull Museum was bombed during spread fairly evenly throughout the different the last war. Failing the discovery of new material families. The number of families is increased in situ, the genus can not be adequately defined. from eight to nine as a result of elevation of For the time being it is regarded as a harmless Cymbitidae to full family status. Although pos- nomen dub/urn not calling for any action. It is sibly derived from Arietitidae, in which they believed, however, that all important genera now were formerly placed, Cymbitidae are a long- rest on proper type material, the few which do ranging group, morphologically very distinct, and not being mostly synonyms or nomina dubia are better separated from Arietitidae. which are unlikely to be used. We acknowledge the cooperation of numerous Although classification has not changed basi- museum directors and curators in replying to cally, it is desirable to publish the new version in our enquiries. Dr. M. K. Howarth has kindly sup- outline as soon as possible. One or two genera plied photographs of specimens in the British have radically changed their position: Peripleu- Museum (Natural History). T. A. Getty has roceras Tutcher & Trueman, 1925, placed in Poly- helped with information on several genera, and morphitidae in the first edition, is now thought to has supplied the discussion of the genus Defossi- hence does not appear in be a lytoceratacean (and ceras included herewith (p. 13). Genera of the this paper). Discamphiceras and Euphyllites have family Echioceratidae are not discussed in this been transferred to Juraphyllitidae (Phyllocerata- paper since they are the subject of a separate ceae) and Parapsiloceras to Pleuroacanthitidae (Lytocerataceae). On the other hand, Vi/hinia, systematic study by Dr. Getty (Getty, 1973). formerly uncomfortably situated in its own sub- Throughout this paper the International Code family Villaniinae as an Upper Jurassic lyto- of Zoological Nomenclature is referred to as the ceratid, is now known to he of Lower Liassic Code. CLASSIFICATION The following table gives the classification Family Psiloceratidae Hyatt, 1867 which it is proposed to adopt in the revised edi- Psiloceras Hyatt, 1867 [ = Paraphylloceras Salfeld, tion of Part L. The outline records accepted 1919; Psiknoticeras Quenstedt, 1883, obi.; Psik- notoceras Buckman, 1906, nom. van.] genera, subgenera being placed in parentheses Cabreras Hyatt, 1870 after the genera to which they are referred. Psilophyllites Spath, 1914 1=Hagenowiceras Lange, objective syn- Synonyms follow within brackets; 1921, obi.; Neophyllites Lange, 1941 I onyms are designated by the abbreviation obj.; Laqueoceras Lange, 1925 others are subjective. Other abbreviations used Family Schlotheimiidae Spath, 1923 include nom. van. for nomen vanum, nom. null. Schktheimia Bayle, 1878 [ nguli erites Lange, for nomen nu//um, nom , dub, for nomen dubiuin, 1951; Scam noceras Lange, 1924, obi.] nom. nud. for nomen nudum, ICZN for Interna- A ngulaticeras Quenstedt, 1883 [=Argoceras Stein- tional Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. ma n n, 1925; Boucaulticeras Spath, 1924; Pseud o- schlot heimia Spath, 1924] Kammerkuroceras Lange, 1941 List of Lower Liassic Ammonitina Saxoceras Lange, 1924 Superfamily Psilocerataceac I I yatt, 1867 Sulciferites Spath, 1922 I = C harm asseiceras Spath, Donovan & Forsey—Lower Liassic Ammonitina 3 1924; Encycloceras Blind, 1963; ?Hesperites Porn- Epophioceras Spath, 1924 peck;, 1895 (ICZN pend.); Hongkongites Grabau, Hypasteroceras Spath, 1923 1928] Pompcckioceras Spath, 1925 Waehneroceras Hyatt, 1889 =Curviceras Blind, 1963; Subfamily Pseud(itropitinae Donovan, n. fain. ?Franziceras Buckman, 1923; Kammerkarites Spath, Pseudotropites Wachner, 1894 1924; Macrogrammites Buckman, 1928; Megastomo- Family Echioceratidae Buckman, 1913 cows Lange, 1941; Storthoceras Lange, 1941; Ten- Echioceras Bayle, 1878 1=Echioceratoides Trueman eroceras Lange, 1952, obj.; Tenoceras Arkell, 1957, Williams, 1925; Ophioceras Hyatt, 1867, non Bar- obi.] rande, 1865; Pleurechioceras Truman & Williams, Family Arictitidae Hyatt, 1875 1925] Subfamily Arietitinac Hyatt, 1875 Gagaticeras Buckman, 1913 [=Parechioceras Buck- Coroniceras Hyatt, 1867 man, 19141 C. (Coronieeras) Hyatt, 1867 [=//rnioccratoides Lepteehioecras Buckman, 19231=1'sdechioecras Erben, Spath, 1925, obj.; Epammonites Spath, 1922; Par- 19561 arnioceras Spath, 1 9 2 2 ; Primarietites Buckman, Palaeoechioceras Spath, 1929 1=Hypechioceras Spath, 1926] 1956; Protechioceras Trucman & Williams, 1927, C. (Arietites) Waagen, 1869 [=Aricticeras Quenstedt, obj., non Spath, 1925, nom. dub.] 1883, nom. van.; Arietitites Spath, 1924, nom. null.; Paltechioceras Buckman, 1924 Megarictites Spath, 19221 P. (PaltechioceTas ) Buckman, 1924 [=Epechioecras C. (Eucoroniceras) Spath, 1922 1= ?Pscudasteroceras Trueman & Williams, 1925; Euechioceras Trueman Spath, 1922 1 & Williams, 1925; Kamptechimeras Trueman & C. (Paracoroniceras) Spath, 1922 Williams, 1925; III etechioceras Trueman & Wil- Arnim-eras Hyatt, 1867 1=Amioceras Spath, 1919, liams, 1925; Plesechioceras Trucman & Wil- nom. null.; Arniotites Whitcaves, 1889; Burk. - liams, 1925; Stenechioceras Buckman, 1927; hardticeras Lopez, 1967; Eparnioceras Spath, 1924; Vobsterieeras Trucman & Williams, 1925] ?Melanhippites Crickmay, 1928; ?Melanippites Crick- P. (Orthechioceras) Trueman & Williams, 1925 may, 1962, nom. van.] I=Flomechioceras Trueman & Williams in Buck- Afetarnioceras
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