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01 Venturi.Pmd Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 44 (2), 2005, 81-115. Modena, 30 settembre 200581 Early Pliensbachian ammonites from the Furlo Pass (Marche, Italy): two new faunas for the middle-western Tethys Federico VENTURI, Carlo NANNARONE & Massimiliano BILOTTA F. Venturi, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Piazza Università 1, I-06123 Perugia, Italy; [email protected] C. Nannarone, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Piazza Università 1, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. M. Bilotta, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Piazza Università 1, I-06123 Perugia, Italy; [email protected] KEY WORDS - Ammonites, Taxonomy, Biostratigraphy, Tethys, Early Jurassic. ABSTRACT - Fu1 and Fu2 faunas, represented by the spathic lumachella horizons of the Grilli Quarry (Furlo Pass, Umbria- Marche Apennines), contain two highly biodiversified assemblages. They follow chronologically the “Venturi ’78” bed from the Pallareto Quarry (Catriceras catriense bioevent), which is considered the first post-Sinemurian record to be found in the Apennines: as a whole, these three faunas characterize the lower part of the Early Pliensbachian (Carixian) in our area. The material collected at the Furlo Pass enabled us to recognize an unexpected wealth of forms, including some completely new taxa. Within the Psiloceratida (order comprising the taxa traditionally placed in the Lytoceratina and Ammonitina), the new family Holcolytoceratidae is proposed here for Audaxlytoceras together with Holcolytoceras. Among the Eoderoceratoidea, we describe the new species Omoderoceras latispira (a Paramicroderoceratinae with monospinate inner stage, formerly found in the “Venturi ’78” bed), and we note the discovery of the first Apennine ammonoid ascribable to Apoderoceras. The presence of this typically Boreal or sub-Boreal genus has been adopted in the stratotype section (GSSP) of Wine Haven (England) to recognize the base of the Pliensbachian: the apparently “delayed” occurrence of this taxon in our area causes difficulties and inaccuracies in the correlation between the standard zonal scheme and the one used in the Apennines. Remaining within the Eoderoceratoidea, we give a better definition of the Apennine genera Caleites and Furlites. Starting from the description of several specimens attributed to Catriceras cf. campiliense, the differences between Catriceras and Tropidoceras are exhaustively considered. These characters allow clear distinction of the two genera, which cannot be considered synonyms. With regard to the Oxynoticeratidae, we recognize the new species Radstockiceras fastigatum in the Fu1 fauna: the abundance of material enabled us to describe its ontogenetic development. Particular emphasis is given to the new small-sized genus Pelingoceras, described for the new species P. pseudocarinatum: its really unusual features, including the appearance of the peristome, make its suprageneric position uncertain. A doubtful classification (this time at suprafamiliar rank) is also indicated for Sinuiceras: the new family Sinuiceratidae is proposed here for this genus, together with the Tunisian forms erroneously reported as Gorgheiceras. All these taxonomic observations allow a wide survey of the Apennine ammonite faunas for a time interval which is still somewhat incompletely known in many areas (either Tethyan and sub-Tethyan, or Boreal and sub-Boreal). The biodiversity of our fossil assemblages seems unmatched with regard to coeval sections of other areas. Furthermore, it offers solid foundations to the local zonation, the use of which is necessary because is not possible or not practical to utilize the Early Pliensbachian standard zonal scheme. Among the several characteristic and reliable taxa of our faunas, the best is probably Catriceras; due also to the clear distinction of this genus from Tropidoceras, we propose a new biostratigraphic unit: the Catriceras Interval Biozone. It marks the first part of the Pliensbachian in the Apennines, and replaces the old “Tetraspidoceras quadrarmatum” Oppel Biozone, which we intend to abandon. Compared to the Echioceras raricostatum Zone (late Sinemurian) ammonoids, the genus Catriceras, together with the numerous associated forms, is a good representative of the faunal change related to the Sinemurian-Pliensbachian transition. The zonal scheme here proposed is therefore more precise and effective than those generally adopted till now for the biostratigraphy of the Mediterranean Tethys. We currently feel that our assemblages may represent a paleobiogeographic entity separate from other neighbouring regions. It seems that, in the Neotethys, only a discontinuous faunal exchange occurred between the “Alpine” sector and the westernmost one. Considering also the sedimentary discrepancies (both quantitative and qualitative), this partial isolation and the related faunal differences have repercussions on the correlatability of the biostratigraphic boundaries. Notwithstanding these limitations, the assemblages studied in the present paper seem to support the idea that the faunal renewal connected with the Sinemurian-Pliensbachian boundary was mainly triggered by a change in the paleogeographic setting (seaway opening) more than by a biological crisis in the strict sense. RIASSUNTO - [Ammoniti del Pliensbachiano inferiore del Passo del Furlo (Marche, Italia): due nuove faune per la Tetide centro- occidentale] - Le faune ad ammoniti Fu1 e Fu2, rappresentate dai livelli di lumachella spatica della Cava Grilli (Passo del Furlo, Appennino umbro-marchigiano) contengono due associazioni ad elevata biodiversità. Esse risultano cronologicamente successive al livello “Venturi ’78” della Cava del Pallareto (bioevento a Catriceras catriense), che è considerato la prima documentazione post- sinemuriana dell’Appennino finora trovata: complessivamente, queste tre faune caratterizzano la parte bassa del Pliensbachiano inferiore (Carixiano) nella nostra area. Lo studio delle lumachelle Fu1 e Fu2 offre l’occasione per importanti considerazioni tassonomiche e biostratigrafiche, consentendo un notevole progresso delle conoscenze sul Pliensbachiano inferiore nella Tetide mediterranea e sulle sue faune ad ammoniti. A questo proposito, il materiale raccolto al Passo del Furlo ha permesso di riconoscere un’insospettata ricchezza di forme, che includono alcuni taxa totalmente nuovi. ISSN 0375-7633 82 Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 44 (2), 2005 Nell’ambito degli Psiloceratida (ordine che comprende i taxa tradizionalmente collocati nei Lytoceratina ed Ammonitina), vengono esposte le differenze fra Audaxlytoceras ed Aegolytoceras; per quest’ultimo genere, insieme ad Holcolytoceras, viene inoltre proposta la nuova famiglia Holcolytoceratidae. I rapporti di questo gruppo con altri dello stesso rango sono difficili da stabilire, perché le informazioni sulle relazioni filetiche e sulla sistematica dei “litoceratini” sono ancora molto scarse, incomplete e lacunose (soprattutto per quanto riguarda Hettangiano ed il Sinemuriano inferiore). Principalmente per lo stesso tipo di motivi, è posta in dubbio l’attribuzione alla famiglia Ectocentritidae dei Peltolytoceratinae (Peltolytoceras, Exomiloceras e Galaticeras, a cui va aggiunto il genere tunisino di recente descrizione Castanyiceras). Sembra poi ragionevole escludere che esistano rapporti di stretta parentela fra Galaticeras e Bouhamidoceras, soprattutto perché i due generi presentano un diverso sviluppo ontogenetico, e non mostrano caratteri comuni veramente esclusivi. Fra gli Eoderoceratoidea, va segnalata la descrizione della nuova specie Omoderoceras latispira (un Paramicroderoceratinae a stadio interno monospinato già rinvenuto nel livello “Venturi ’78”), ed inoltre il ritrovamento del primo ammonoideo appenninico ascrivibile ad Apoderoceras. La comparsa di questo genere tipicamente boreale o sub-boreale è stata adottata nello stratotipo (GSSP) di Wine Haven (Robin Hood’s Bay, Yorkshire, Inghilterra) come principale criterio biostratigrafico per riconoscere la base del Pliensbachiano, ma il “ritardo” con cui esso sembra presentarsi nella nostra area causa difficoltà ed imprecisioni nella correlazione fra lo schema zonale standard e quello adottato in Appennino. Sempre all’interno degli Eoderoceratoidea, è stata possibile la miglior definizione dei generi appenninici Caleites e Furlites, per i quali vengono soprattutto precisate le relazioni con le piccole forme tetidee medio-liassiche normalmente ascritte a Gemmellaroceras. Se per Caleites le eventuali somiglianze con quest’ultimo sembrerebbero dovute a convergenza, per Furlites si può ipotizzare un’affinità maggiore, ed in effetti esso potrebbe rappresentare un sottogruppo distinto da quello dei Polymorphitidae più tipici (Polymorphites, Platypleuroceras, Uptonia, Dayiceras). Partendo dal ritrovamento di numerosi esemplari attribuiti a Catriceras cf. campiliense, vengono valutate in maniera esauriente le differenze di Catriceras e Tropidoceras, riguardanti avvolgimento, ricoprimento dei giri, sezione della spira, forma dell’area ventrale, aspetto della carena, andamento dell’ornamentazione, linea di sutura, distribuzione stratigrafica e geografica. Tali caratteri permettono di separare chiaramente i due generi, che non possono venir considerati sinonimi. Viene inoltre motivata la collocazione di Catriceras e Tropidoceras nella sottofamiglia nominale dei Tropidoceratidae, il che lascerebbe Acanthopleuroceras in un taxon per ora monotipico
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