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On the Pelvic Girdle and Pin of Eusthenopteron. by Edwin S
PELVIC GIRDLE AND D'lN . OF EUSTHKNOPfERON. 311 On the Pelvic Girdle and Pin of Eusthenopteron. By Edwin S. Goodrich, M.A., Fellow of Mertoa College, Oxford. With Plate 16. 1 THROUGH the kindness of Mr. A. Smith Woodward, I have recently had the opportunity of looking through the fossil fish acquired by the British Museum since the Cata- logue was published. Amongst these was found a specimen of Eusthenopteron foordi, Whit., showing the endo- skeleton of the pelvic girdle and fin, of which I here give a description. The interest attaching to this fossil is con- siderable, since, of all the numerous extinct fish usually included in the group " Crossopterygii," it is the first and only one in which the parts of the skeleton of the pelvic girdle and its fin have been found complete and in their natural relations.2 The specimen (P. 6794) of which both the slab and the counterslab have been preserved, comes from the Upper Devonian of Canada. In it can be made out the skeleton of the pelvic girdle and fin of the right side, in a fairly com- plete and well-preserved condition, as represented in PI. 16, fig. 1, natural size. 1 To Mr. Smith Woodward I am also indebted for constant help when working in his Department. a The skeleton of the pelvic fin of Megalichthys has to some extent been made known by Cope, Miall, and Wellburn (2, 5, and 9), and the essential structure of that of Eusthenopteron has been briefly described by Traquair (7). VOL. 45, FART 2.—NEW SKKIES. -
A New Osteolepidid Fish From
Rea. West. Aust. MU8. 1985, 12(3): 361-377 ANew Osteolepidid Fish from the Upper Devonian Gogo Formation, Western Australia J.A. Long* Abstract A new osteolepidid crossopterygian, Gogonasus andrewsi gen. et sp. nov., is des cribed from a single fronto-ethmoidal shield and associated ethmosphenoid, from the Late Devonian (Frasnian) Gogo Formation, Western Australia. Gogonasus is is distinguished from other osteolepids by the shape and proportions of the fronto ethmoidal shield, absence of palatal fenestrae, well developed basipterygoid pro cesses and moderately broad parasphenoid. The family Osteolepididae is found to be paraphyletic, with Gogonasus being regarded as a plesiomorphic osteolepidid at a similar level of organisation to Thursius. Introduction Much has been published on the well-preserved Late Devonian fish fauna from the Gogo Formation, Western Australia, although to date all the papers describing fish have been on placoderms (Miles 1971; Miles and Dennis 1979; Dennis and Miles 1979-1983; Young 1984), palaeoniscoids (Gardiner 1973, 1984; Gardiner and Bartram 1977) or dipnoans (Miles 1977; Campbell and Barwick 1982a, 1982b, 1983, 1984a). This paper describes the only osteolepiform from the fauna (Gardiner and Miles 1975), a small snout with associated braincase, ANU 21885, housed in the Geology Department, Australian National University. The specimen, collected by the Australian National University on the 1967 Gogo Expedition, was prepared by Dr S.M. Andrews (Royal Scottish Museum) and later returned to the ANU. Onychodus is the only other crossopterygian in the fauna. In its proportions and palatal structure the new specimen provides some additional new points of the anatomy of osteolepiforms. Few Devonian crossopte rygians are known from Australia, and so the specimen is significant in having resemblances to typical Northern Hemisphere species. -
Marine Sediments from the Southern Sierra Madre Oriental
Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas ISSN: 1026-8774 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México Blau, Joachim; Meister, Christian; Schmidt-Effing, Reinhard; Villaseñor, Ana B. A new fossiliferous site of Lower Liassic (Upper Sinemurian) marine sediments from the southern Sierra Madre Oriental (Puebla, Mexico): ammonite fauna, biostratigraphy, and description of Ectocentrites hillebrandti new species Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, vol. 25, núm. 3, 2008, pp. 402-407 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Querétaro, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=57225303 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative 402 RevistaBlau etMexicana al. de Ciencias Geológicas, v. 25, núm. 3, 2008, p. 402-407 A new fossiliferous site of Lower Liassic (Upper Sinemurian) marine sediments from the southern Sierra Madre Oriental (Puebla, Mexico): ammonite fauna, biostratigraphy, and description of Ectocentrites hillebrandti new species Joachim Blau1,*, Christian Meister2, Reinhard Schmidt-Effi ng3, and Ana B. Villaseñor4 1 Feldbergstrasse 5, D-61191 Rosbach-Rodheim, Germany. 2 Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Département de Géologie et Paléontologie, 1 Rte de Malagnou, CP. 6434, CH-1211 Genève 6, Switzerland. 3 Institut für Geologie und Paläontologie, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 11a, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. 4 Instituto de Geología, Departamento de Paleontología, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México, D.F., Mexico. * [email protected] ABSTRACT We describe ammonites from a newly discovered, fossil-bearing, marine Liassic locality (Lower Jurassic, Huayacocotla Fm.) in the vicinity of the Zongozotla Municipality (southern Sierra Madre Oriental) in the northern part of Puebla State (Mexico). -
Constraints on the Timescale of Animal Evolutionary History
Palaeontologia Electronica palaeo-electronica.org Constraints on the timescale of animal evolutionary history Michael J. Benton, Philip C.J. Donoghue, Robert J. Asher, Matt Friedman, Thomas J. Near, and Jakob Vinther ABSTRACT Dating the tree of life is a core endeavor in evolutionary biology. Rates of evolution are fundamental to nearly every evolutionary model and process. Rates need dates. There is much debate on the most appropriate and reasonable ways in which to date the tree of life, and recent work has highlighted some confusions and complexities that can be avoided. Whether phylogenetic trees are dated after they have been estab- lished, or as part of the process of tree finding, practitioners need to know which cali- brations to use. We emphasize the importance of identifying crown (not stem) fossils, levels of confidence in their attribution to the crown, current chronostratigraphic preci- sion, the primacy of the host geological formation and asymmetric confidence intervals. Here we present calibrations for 88 key nodes across the phylogeny of animals, rang- ing from the root of Metazoa to the last common ancestor of Homo sapiens. Close attention to detail is constantly required: for example, the classic bird-mammal date (base of crown Amniota) has often been given as 310-315 Ma; the 2014 international time scale indicates a minimum age of 318 Ma. Michael J. Benton. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, U.K. [email protected] Philip C.J. Donoghue. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, U.K. [email protected] Robert J. -
Geological Survey of Ohio
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF OHIO. VOL. I.—PART II. PALÆONTOLOGY. SECTION II. DESCRIPTIONS OF FOSSIL FISHES. BY J. S. NEWBERRY. Digital version copyrighted ©2012 by Don Chesnut. THE CLASSIFICATION AND GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION OF OUR FOSSIL FISHES. So little is generally known in regard to American fossil fishes, that I have thought the notes which I now give upon some of them would be more interesting and intelligible if those into whose hands they will fall could have a more comprehensive view of this branch of palæontology than they afford. I shall therefore preface the descriptions which follow with a few words on the geological distribution of our Palæozoic fishes, and on the relations which they sustain to fossil forms found in other countries, and to living fishes. This seems the more necessary, as no summary of what is known of our fossil fishes has ever been given, and the literature of the subject is so scattered through scientific journals and the proceedings of learned societies, as to be practically inaccessible to most of those who will be readers of this report. I. THE ZOOLOGICAL RELATIONS OF OUR FOSSIL FISHES. To the common observer, the class of Fishes seems to be well defined and quite distin ct from all the other groups o f vertebrate animals; but the comparative anatomist finds in certain unusual and aberrant forms peculiarities of structure which link the Fishes to the Invertebrates below and Amphibians above, in such a way as to render it difficult, if not impossible, to draw the lines sharply between these great groups. -
Phylogeny of Basal Tetrapoda
Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 Phylogeny of Basal Tetrapoda The group of bony fishes that gave rise to land-dwelling vertebrates and their descendants (Tetrapoda, or colloquially, “tetrapods”) was the lobe-finned fishes, or Sarcopterygii. Sarcoptrygii includes coelacanths (which retain one living form, Latimeria), lungfish, and crossopterygians. The transition from sarcopterygian fishes to stem tetrapods proceeded through a series of groups – not all of which are included here. There was no sharp and distinct transition, rather it was a continuum from very tetrapod-like fishes to very fish-like tetrapods. SARCOPTERYGII – THE LOBE-FINNED FISHES Includes •Actinista (including Coelacanths) •Dipnoi (lungfishes) •Crossopterygii Crossopterygians include “tetrapods” – 4- legged land-dwelling vertebrates. The Actinista date back to the Devonian. They have very well developed lobed-fins. There remains one livnig representative of the group, the coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae. A lungfish The Crossopterygii include numerous representatives, the best known of which include Eusthenopteron (pictured here) and Panderichthyes. Panderichthyids were the most tetrapod-like of the sarcopterygian fishes. Panderichthyes – note the lack of dorsal fine, but retention of tail fin. Coelacanths Lungfish Rhizodontids Eusthenopteron Panderichthyes Tiktaalik Ventastega Acanthostega Ichthyostega Tulerpeton Whatcheeria Pederpes More advanced amphibians Tiktaalik roseae – a lobe-finned fish intermediate between typical sarcopterygians and basal tetrapods. Mid to Late Devonian; 375 million years old. The back end of Tiktaalik’s skull is intermediate between fishes and tetrapods. Tiktaalik is a fish with wrist bones, yet still retaining fin rays. The posture of Tiktaalik’s fin/limb is intermediate between that of fishes an tetrapods. Coelacanths Lungfish Rhizodontids Eusthenopteron Panderichthyes Tiktaalik Ventastega Acanthostega Ichthyostega Tulerpeton Whatcheeria Pederpes More advanced amphibians Reconstructions of the basal tetrapod Ventastega. -
From Sea to Slime: Evolution of Amphibians Late Devonian: Rhipidistians an Important Link: Tooth Structure Skeletal Modification
Late Devonian: Rhipidistians From Sea to Slime: Evolution of Amphibians Lungs were developed in two groups of lobe-finned fishes - Rhipidistians and lungfishes . The Rhipidistians are considered to be the ultimate ancestors of later land animals. Rhipidistians such as Eusthenopteron had evolved "land animal-like features": Eusthenopteron Skeletal Modifications An Important Link: Tooth Structure Labyrinthodont tooth Labyrinthodont tooth of Rhipidistian fish of early amphibian (Eusthenopteron) (Archegosaurus) Labyrinthodont tooth structure (with complexly infolded enamel) is shared between Rhipidistian fishes and the earliest amphibians. This strongly supports a close relationship between the two groups. 1 Late Devonian: Ichthyostega and Acanthostega -Ichthyostega was a cross between a fish and an amphibian -Ichthyostega had legs and walked and was a true tetrapod. -With true legs, it could live on land for extended periods. -The primitive amphibians like Ichthyostega had a special kind of skin that helped them retain bodily fluids and deter desiccation. -Stronger skeletons allowed the primitive amphibians to live more comfortably with the increased gravity on land. -Animals like Ichthyostega used their limbs for locomotion and their tails for balance. Ichthyostega Carboniferous to Permian Evolution of neck and ear · Amphibian nostrils became increasingly functional for breathing air. · Amphibians evolved "hands" and "feet" with five digits. · Amphibian tails became reduced in size. · Amphibian backbones grew stronger (this enabled amphibian bodies to grow bigger). · Amphibians obtained eardrums. -Fishes need limbs to support bodies and ears to hear sounds in the air. -Fins changed to limbs -Several bones of the skull changed to the shoulder bones -Tongue cartilage (part of the jaw in fish) became an ear bone. -
Stuttgarter Beiträge Zur Naturkunde
© Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at "737 Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) Herausgeber: Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Schloss Rosenstein, 70CXD Stuttgart 1 Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk. © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at 2 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. B, Nr. 65 The more important species to which a lectotype has herein been designated and figured are Acanthopleuroceras maugenesti (d'Orb.) and Coeloceras grenouillouxi (d'Orb.). The holotype oi Platypleu- roceras brevispina, a fragment of three successive whorls, is described in detail for the first time. The ranges of described ammonites are presented in Table 2. The early appearance of Zetoceras and Lytoceras, and the occurence of Crucilobiceras, Microderoceras, and Jamesonites are notable. The first evidence of the Liparoceratid family occurs in the upper part of the taylori Subzone. Resume La subdivision biostratigraphique du Pliensbachien inferieur a ete etudiee dans son stratotype a Pliensbach (arrondissement de Göppingen, Wurtemberg). Deux coupes supplementaires de la region- type, Celles de Nürtingen et de Holzmaden, ont ete prises egalement en consideration. Le Schema de subdivision en zones et sous-zones elabore par Dean et al. (1961) pour la province liasique de l'Europe du NW peut etre applique ä la serie marnocalcaire, epaisse de 9 a 12,5 m, de la region-type. La seule restriction importante est la position de la sous-zone a Masseanum, si on se refere ä la definition de la zone ä Jamesoni par Oppel (1856). Les premiers representants du genre Tropidoceras se trouvent ensemble avec des Uptonia. II faut en conclure que la sous-zone ä Masseanum est la sous-zone superieure de la zone ä Jamesoni. -
Austroalpine Liassic Ammonites from the Adnet Formation (Northern Calcareous Alps) 163-211 ©Geol
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt Jahr/Year: 1993 Band/Volume: 136 Autor(en)/Author(s): Meister Christian, Böhm Florian Artikel/Article: Austroalpine Liassic Ammonites from the Adnet Formation (Northern Calcareous Alps) 163-211 ©Geol. Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at Jb. Geol. B.-A. ISSN 0016-7800 Band 136 S.163-211 Wien, Juli 1993 Austroalpine Liassic Ammonites from the Adnet Formation (Northern Calcareous Alps) By CHRISTIAN MEISTER & FLORIAN BÖHM *) With 14 Text-Figures and 9 Plates Oslerreich Salzburg Oberöslerreich Nördliche Kalkalpen Lias Ammoniten Oslerreichische Karle 1. 50.000 Biostratigraphie BI/1l1er94, 95, 96,126 Palaeogeographie Contents Zusammenfassung 163 Abstract. .. 164 Resume 164 1. Introduction 164 2. Geographical and Geological Framework 164 3. Lithological Description and Qualitative/Quantitative Ammonite Distributions 165 3.1. Schmiedwirt Quarry 165 3.2. Breitenberg Quarry 166 3.3. Rotkogel Outcrop 166 3.4. Rötelstein Outcrop 168 4. Systematic Palaeontology 169 PhylioceratinaARKELL 1950 171 LytoceratinaHYATT1889 174 Ammonitina HYATT 1889 175 5. Biostratigraphical Framework 184 5.1. Sinemurian 184 5.1.1. Early Sinemurian 184 5.1.2. Late Sinemurian 184 5.2. Pliensbachian 184 5.2.1. Early Pliensbachian (Carixian) 184 5.2.2. Late Pliensbachian (Domerian) 186 5.3. Toarcian 186 6. Faunal Composition and Palaeogeographical Remarks 189 7. Conclusion 190 Acknowledgements 190 References 208 Oberostalpine Liasammoniten aus der Adnetformation (Nördlichen Kalkalpen) Zusammenfassung Das Oberostalpin spielt eine Schlüsselrolle für das Verständnis der Verteilungsmuster der jurassischen Ammonitenfaunen und für die Fixierung genauer biostratigraphischer Korrelationen zwischen Tethyaler und Euroborealer Faunenprovinz. -
The Geology of Susquehanna County and Wayne County
This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. https://books.google.com Hi lH -:. I \:^<m. mm mm m ■H ^IVBKS^OFMICHJ^ GLE- SECOND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF PENNSYLVANIA: REPORT OF PROGRESS G5. H^ l0Jz THE GEOLOGY Susquehanna county WAYNE COUNTY. By I. C. WHITE. WITH A GEOLOGICALLY COLORED MAP, AND 58 SECTIONS. HARRISBURG: PUBLISHED BY THE BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS TOn THE SECOND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 1881. Entered, for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in the year 1880, according to acts of Congress, By WILLIAM A. INGHAM, Secretary of the Board of Commissioners of Geological Survey, In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. Electrotyped and printed by LANE S. HART, State Printer, Harrisburg, Pa. BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS. His Excellency, HENRY M. HOYT, Governor, and ex-officio President of the Board, Harrisburg. Ario Pardee, ---------- Hazleton. William A. Ingham, ------- Philadelphia. Henry S. Eckert, -------- Reading. Henry McCormick, - - - Harrisburg. James Macfarlane, -------- Towanda. Charles A. Miner, - - ----- - Luzerne co. Joseph Willcox, -------- Philadelphia. Hon. Daniel J. Morrell, ------ Johnstown. Louis W. Hall, - - - - ----- Harrisburg. Samuel Q. Brown, - - - ----- Pleasantville. SECRETARY OF THE BOARD. William A. Ingham, ------- Philadelphia. STATE GEOLOGIST. Peter Lesley, ---------- Philadelphia. ASSISTANTS IN 1881. John F. Carll, geologist for the Oil regions ; address Pleasantville, Venango county, Pa. J. Sutton Wall, to report on the coal and collieries of the Monongahela re gion ; address Monongahela city, Pa. J. J. Stevenson, geologist for Bedford and Fulton counties ; address Union- town, Fayette county, Pa. W. G. Platt, geologist for Centre and Clearfield counties ; address 907 Wal nut street, Philadelphia. -
I Ecomorphological Change in Lobe-Finned Fishes (Sarcopterygii
Ecomorphological change in lobe-finned fishes (Sarcopterygii): disparity and rates by Bryan H. Juarez A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Ecology and Evolutionary Biology) in the University of Michigan 2015 Master’s Thesis Committee: Assistant Professor Lauren C. Sallan, University of Pennsylvania, Co-Chair Assistant Professor Daniel L. Rabosky, Co-Chair Associate Research Scientist Miriam L. Zelditch i © Bryan H. Juarez 2015 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the Rabosky Lab, David W. Bapst, Graeme T. Lloyd and Zerina Johanson for helpful discussions on methodology, Lauren C. Sallan, Miriam L. Zelditch and Daniel L. Rabosky for their dedicated guidance on this study and the London Natural History Museum for courteously providing me with access to specimens. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii LIST OF FIGURES iv LIST OF APPENDICES v ABSTRACT vi SECTION I. Introduction 1 II. Methods 4 III. Results 9 IV. Discussion 16 V. Conclusion 20 VI. Future Directions 21 APPENDICES 23 REFERENCES 62 iv LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES TABLE/FIGURE II. Cranial PC-reduced data 6 II. Post-cranial PC-reduced data 6 III. PC1 and PC2 Cranial and Post-cranial Morphospaces 11-12 III. Cranial Disparity Through Time 13 III. Post-cranial Disparity Through Time 14 III. Cranial/Post-cranial Disparity Through Time 15 v LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX A. Aquatic and Semi-aquatic Lobe-fins 24 B. Species Used In Analysis 34 C. Cranial and Post-Cranial Landmarks 37 D. PC3 and PC4 Cranial and Post-cranial Morphospaces 38 E. PC1 PC2 Cranial Morphospaces 39 1-2. -
Fossils Provide Better Estimates of Ancestral Body Size Than Do Extant
Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 90 (Suppl. 1): 357–384 (January 2009) doi: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00364.x FossilsBlackwell Publishing Ltd provide better estimates of ancestral body size than do extant taxa in fishes James S. Albert,1 Derek M. Johnson1 and Jason H. Knouft2 Abstract 1Department of Biology, University of Albert, J.S., Johnson, D.M. and Knouft, J.H. 2009. Fossils provide better Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA estimates of ancestral body size than do extant taxa in fishes. — Acta Zoologica 2 70504-2451, USA; Department of (Stockholm) 90 (Suppl. 1): 357–384 Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA The use of fossils in studies of character evolution is an active area of research. Characters from fossils have been viewed as less informative or more subjective Keywords: than comparable information from extant taxa. However, fossils are often the continuous trait evolution, character state only known representatives of many higher taxa, including some of the earliest optimization, morphological diversification, forms, and have been important in determining character polarity and filling vertebrate taphonomy morphological gaps. Here we evaluate the influence of fossils on the interpretation of character evolution by comparing estimates of ancestral body Accepted for publication: 22 July 2008 size in fishes (non-tetrapod craniates) from two large and previously unpublished datasets; a palaeontological dataset representing all principal clades from throughout the Phanerozoic, and a macroecological dataset for all 515 families of living (Recent) fishes. Ancestral size was estimated from phylogenetically based (i.e. parsimony) optimization methods. Ancestral size estimates obtained from analysis of extant fish families are five to eight times larger than estimates using fossil members of the same higher taxa.