Ammonites from the Early Pliensbachian of the Furlo Pass (Marche, Italy): Biostratigraphic and Paleobiogeographic Implications

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Ammonites from the Early Pliensbachian of the Furlo Pass (Marche, Italy): Biostratigraphic and Paleobiogeographic Implications Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 46 (1), 2007, 1-31. Modena, 31 agosto 20071 Ammonites from the early Pliensbachian of the Furlo Pass (Marche, Italy): biostratigraphic and paleobiogeographic implications Federico VENTURI, Carlo NANNARONE & Massimiliano BILOTTA F. Venturi, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Piazza Università 1, I-06123 Perugia, Italy; [email protected] C. Nannarone, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Piazza Università 1, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. M. Bilotta, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Piazza Università 1, I-06123 Perugia, Italy; [email protected] KEY WORDS - Ammonites, Taxonomy, Biostratigraphy, Paleobiogeography, Tethys, Early Jurassic. ABSTRACT - The ammonite assemblages found in the spathic Fu3 shell beds (lumachellas) of the Grilli Quarry (Furlo Pass, Umbria- Marche Apennines, central Italy) supplement the previous studies on the early Pliensbachian (Carixian) in this area, allowing to obtain a quite varied taxonomic, biostratigraphic and paleobiogeographic framework. The abundant documentation of the three lumachellas forming the Fu3 fauna (Fu3a, Fu3b1 and Fu3b2) belongs to the second Apennine biozone of the early Pliensbachian: this unit was formerly indicated as Miltoceras sellae Taxon Range Biozone, but here is redefined in a formally more correct way as Miltoceras Interval Biozone. Among the several ammonites collected, many new taxa are described: the new species Miltoceras furlense (family Coeloceratidae, subfamily Coeloceratinae), the new genus Spiniclaviceras for the new species S. spirale (family Coeloceratidae, subfamily Dubariceratinae), the new genus Paramorphites with the new species P. acutiventris (family Polymorphitidae, subfamily Polymorphitinae), and the new genus Sphenoacanthites (family Sinuiceratidae) instituted for the Tunisian forms erroneously reported as Gorgheiceras costotuberculatum and G. tuberculatum. Moreover, the new Polymorphitidae subfamily Furlitinae is formalized, also to include (with some doubt) Gemmellaroceras. This latter genus has been often subject of taxonomic confusion, and therefore a precise definition is given for it, allowing to clarify its bio- and chronostratigraphic position. Since in the Apennines Gemmellaroceras is found only from the second early Pliensbachian biozone onwards, this genus cannot be considered as a representative of the basal part of the stage at issue. The diagnosis of Miltoceras is improved too, basing on an unpublished revision of the original material housed in the “G.G. Gemmellaro” Geological Museum of the Palermo University. In addition, three unnamed new forms are recognized: one ascribed to the Dubariceratinae, one to the nominal subfamily of the Tropidoceratidae, and one which position at a suprageneric level cannot be determined. Basing on the whole of the available data, phylogenetic and paleobiogeographic hypotheses for some Mediterranean Tethys ammonoids are discussed, and a quite wide taxonomic synthesis is proposed. The Apennine documentation allows considerations on the Sinuiceratidae and the earliest Tropidoceratidae, but seems also to testify the first evolutive phases of the Polymorphitidae. This latter group is deemed to be the possible ancestor of the Fanninoceratidae (genera Eoamaltheus and Fanninoceras) of the eastern Pacific area (Andean Province). From a paleobiogeographic point of view, the features of the Apennine lower Pliensbachian ammonite faunas suggest that a limited portion of the western Tethys can be considered as a “Peltolytoceratinae meso-Mediterranean paleobiogeographic unit”. This shallow and mid-depth marine region would have included Apennines, Tuscany, Sicily, Albania, North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, northern Tunisia) and perhaps also Betic Cordillera (Spain) and Austrian Alps. Its relations with other areas are discussed, as well as the possibility of westward faunal exchanges (although sometimes partial and discontinuous) with the Andean Province. Indeed, the available evidence suggests that the trans-Pangea seaway known as the “Hispanic Corridor” would have acted as a filter, allowing the migration only to some forms which probably lived in relatively shallow environments (e.g. Catriceras and Paramorphites), but not to those for which a more deep habitat can be inferred (e.g. Galaticeras). RIASSUNTO - [Ammoniti del Pliensbachiano inferiore del Passo del Furlo (Marche, Italia): implicazioni biostratigrafiche e paleobiogeografiche] - Le associazioni ad ammoniti contenute nei livelli calcarei di lumachella spatica Fu3 della Cava Grilli (Passo del Furlo, Appennino umbro- marchigiano) permettono di integrare gli studi precedenti sul Pliensbachiano inferiore (Carixiano) di tale area, consentendo di ottenere un quadro tassonomico, biostratigrafico e paleobiogeografico piuttosto vario. Nelle tre lumachelle che complessivamente costituiscono la fauna Fu3 (Fu3a, Fu3b1 e Fu3b2) è stata rinvenuta abbondante documentazione della seconda biozona del Pliensbachiano inferiore: questa unità precedentemente era indicata come Biozona di Distribuzione a Miltoceras sellae, ma qui viene ridefinita in maniera formalmente più corretta come Biozona di Intervallo a Miltoceras. Fra i numerosi ammoniti trovati, sono stati descritti molti nuovi taxa, a cominciare dalla nuova specie Miltoceras furlense; con l’occasione è stata inoltre migliorata la diagnosi del genere a cui appartiene, basandosi su un inedito lavoro di revisione riguardante il materiale originale conservato presso il Museo Geologico “G.G. Gemmellaro” dell’Università di Palermo. Ad un altro sottogruppo di Coeloceratidae, i Dubariceratinae, è stato attribuito il nuovo genere Spiniclaviceras, qui istituito per la nuova specie S. spirale, caratterizzata da avvolgimento evoluto e tozze spine claviformi. Particolarmente importante è la documentazione dei Polymorphitidae, nella cui sottofamiglia nominale (Polymorphitinae) viene individuato il nuovo genere Paramorphites, con la nuova specie P. acutiventris. I dati disponibili suggeriscono di considerare tale forma come il capostipite del gruppo americano endemico dei Fanninoceratidae (generi Eoamaltheus e Fanninoceras). Rimanendo ancora nella famiglia Polymorphitidae, viene formalizzata la nuova sottofamiglia Furlitinae, alla quale è riferibile con qualche dubbio anche il genere Gemmellaroceras. Quest’ultimo è spesso stato oggetto di confusione tassonomica e ci è sembrato pertanto opportuno darne una definizione precisa. Ciò fra l’altro permette di chiarirne la posizione bio- e cronostratigrafica: poiché in Appennino Gemmellaroceras si ritrova solo a partire dalla seconda biozona del Pliensbachiano inferiore, esso non è un genere che si può ritenere rappresentativo della parte basale di tale piano. ISSN 0375-7633 2 Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 46 (1), 2007 Alla famiglia Sinuiceratidae viene ascritto il nuovo genere Sphenoacanthites, istituito per le specie tunisine erroneamente segnalate come Gorgheiceras costotuberculatum e G. tuberculatum. Il materiale del Passo del Furlo ha inoltre permesso di migliorare ulteriormente la diagnosi dei Sinuiceratidae, la cui posizione a livello gerarchico sopra-familiare rimane tuttora incerta. Per questo taxon le maggiori affinità si riscontrano con un nuovo genere inedito rinvenuto nel Calcare Massiccio di Monte Bove (Appennino umbro-marchigiano) probabilmente databile al Sinemuriano basale, che a sua volta sembra in qualche modo avvicinabile a Dudresnayiceras. In aggiunta a ciò, sono stati riconosciuti altri tre nuovi generi, lasciati privi di denominazione formale per la scarsità di dati: il primo è ascritto ai Dubariceratinae, il secondo alla sottofamiglia nominale dei Tropidoceratidae, mentre per il terzo la posizione a rango sopra- generico non è attualmente definibile. Nel loro complesso, i dati disponibili permettono di discutere ipotesi filogenetiche e paleobiogeografiche per alcune forme della Tetide mediterranea, e consentono inoltre di presentare una sintesi tassonomica piuttosto ampia. La ricchezza dell’associazione Fu3 ben rappresenta il rinnovamento faunistico degli ammonoidi del Pliensbachiano inferiore e la radiazione adattativa in seno alla quale si sono evoluti vari taxa inizialmente tipici dell’area mediterranea. In Appennino si possono riconoscere due fasi principali di questo processo: una è all’inizio della Zona a Catriceras, mentre l’altra è all’inizio della successiva Zona a Miltoceras, preceduta da una lacuna di documentazione. Durante la prima fase si ha la comparsa improvvisa dei Tropidoceratidae, la cui derivazione dagli Eoderoceratidae, per quanto plausibile, finora non è mai stata supportata in modo diretto. In ogni caso, il cambiamento morfologico assai consistente che avrebbe portato da forme non carenate a questi ammoniti carenati con coste flessuose si può considerare volto al miglioramento delle loro attitudini idrodinamiche, ma per la carenza di dati è ancora problematico trovare delle cause che spieghino la repentina comparsa di questo gruppo all’inizio del Pliensbachiano. Decisamente più consistenti sono invece le testimonianze appenniniche sulle prime fasi dell’evoluzione di altri gruppi, come ad esempio i Polymorphitidae: sembra infatti che almeno buona parte degli Eoderoceratoidea pliensbachiani con ornamentazione essenzialmente monospinata possano essere derivati da un ceppo comune di eoderoceratidi bispinati. Da queste forme deriverebbero due linee filetiche principali: la prima
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