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2003 Regular Report on Turkey's Progress Towards Accession

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2003 Regular Report on Turkey's Progress Towards Accession 2003 Regular Report on Turkey’s progress towards accession A. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 4 1. Preface....................................................................................................................................... 4 2. Relations between the EU and Turkey ...................................................................................... 5 Recent developments under the Association Agreement, including bilateral trade................. 7 Community assistance............................................................................................................. 8 Detailed legislative scrutiny.................................................................................................. 10 Twinning............................................................................................................................... 11 B. CRITERIA FOR MEMBERSHIP.......................................................................................................12 1. Enhanced political dialogue and political criteria ................................................................... 12 1.1 Recent developments .............................................................................................. 15 1.2 Democracy and the rule of law ............................................................................... 16 The parliament...................................................................................................................... 16 The executive........................................................................................................................ 17 National Security Council..................................................................................................... 18 The judicial system ............................................................................................................... 19 Anti-corruption measures...................................................................................................... 22 1.3 Human rights and the protection of minorities........................................................ 23 Civil and political rights........................................................................................................ 26 Economic, social and cultural rights ..................................................................................... 36 Minority rights and the protection of minorities ................................................................... 38 1.4 Cyprus..................................................................................................................... 41 1.5 Peaceful settlement of border disputes.................................................................... 41 1.6 General evaluation.................................................................................................. 43 2. Economic criteria .................................................................................................................... 45 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 45 2.2 Economic developments ......................................................................................... 46 2.3 Assessment in terms of the Copenhagen criteria..................................................... 47 2.4 General evaluation.................................................................................................. 56 3. Ability to assume the obligations of membership.................................................................... 57 3.1 Chapters of the acquis............................................................................................. 60 Chapter 1: Free movement of goods....................................................................... 60 Chapter 2: Free movement of persons .................................................................... 65 Chapter 3: Freedom to provide services ................................................................. 66 Chapter 4: Free movement of capital...................................................................... 69 Chapter 5: Company law......................................................................................... 70 Chapter 6: Competition Policy................................................................................ 72 Chapter 7: Agriculture ............................................................................................ 74 Chapter 8: Fisheries ................................................................................................ 78 2 Chapter 9: Transport............................................................................................... 80 Chapter 10: Taxation .............................................................................................. 82 Chapter 11: Economic and Monetary Union .......................................................... 84 .Chapter 12: Statistics ............................................................................................. 85 Chapter 13: Social Policy and Employment ........................................................... 87 Chapter 14: Energy................................................................................................. 91 Chapter 15: Industrial policy .................................................................................. 94 Chapter 16: Small and Medium-sized Enterprises.................................................. 96 Chapter 17: Science and research ........................................................................... 98 Chapter 18: Education and training ........................................................................ 99 Chapter 19: Telecommunications and information technology............................. 101 Chapter 20: Culture and audio-visual policy......................................................... 103 Chapter 21: Regional Policy and co-ordination of structural instruments............. 104 Chapter 22: Environment...................................................................................... 106 Chapter 23: Consumer and health protection........................................................ 108 Chapter 24: Co-operation in the field of justice and home affairs ........................ 110 Chapter 25: Customs Union.................................................................................. 119 Chapter 26: External relations .............................................................................. 121 Chapter 27: Common foreign and security policy ................................................ 122 Chapter 28: Financial control ............................................................................... 125 Chapter 29: Financial and budgetary provisions................................................... 127 3.2 General evaluation................................................................................................ 128 C. CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................. 132 D. ACCESSION PARTNERSHIP: GLOBAL ASSESSMENT............................................................. 138 HUMAN RIGHTS CONVENTIONS RATIFIED BY THE CANDIDATE COUNTRIES.......................................... 142 STATISTICAL ANNEX........................................................................................................................... 143 3 A. INTRODUCTION 1. Preface The European Council in Cardiff in June 1998 noted that the Commission would present a report on Turkey based on Article 28 of the Association Agreement and the conclusions of the Luxembourg European Council of December 1997. The Commission presented its first Regular Report on Turkey in October 1998, together with the Regular Reports for the other candidate countries. The Helsinki European Council meeting in December 1999 concluded that: "Turkey is a candidate State destined to join the Union on the basis of the same criteria as applied to the other candidate States. Building on the existing European Strategy, Turkey, like other candidate States, will benefit from a pre-accession strategy to stimulate and support its reforms." As part of the pre-accession strategy, the Commission reports regularly to the European Council on progress made by each of the candidate countries in preparing for membership. Consequently, the Commission has published a series of yearly Regular Reports on Turkey, covering the years 1998 to 2002. It is therefore appropriate to produce a Regular Report this year on Turkey’s progress towards accession, on the same basis as in previous years. The structure followed for this Regular Report is largely the same as that used in previous years. The present Report: - describes the relations between Turkey and the Union, in particular in the framework of the Association Agreement; - analyses the situation in respect of the political criteria set by the 1993 Copenhagen European Council (democracy, rule of law, human rights, protection of minorities); - assesses Turkey’s situation and prospects in respect of the economic criteria defined by the Copenhagen European Council (a functioning market economy and the capacity to cope with competitive pressures and market forces within the Union); - addresses the question of Turkey’s capacity to assume the obligations of
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