Turk J Zool 34 (2010) 181-194 © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-0807-1 The distribution of Euphorinae wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Turkey, with phytogeographical notes Tülin YILMAZ, Mitat AYDOĞDU*, Ahmet BEYARSLAN Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne - TURKEY Received: 01.07.2008 Abstract: Sixty-three species belonging to 16 genera and 8 tribes collected from different ecosystems of Turkey between 1979 and 2007 were examined. Insects from 4 genera, Streblocera Westwood, Chrysopophthorus Goidanich, Elasmosoma Ruthe, and Marshiella Shaw, and the tribe Neoneurini Bengtsson were recorded for the first time in Turkey. Twenty-two species that had not previously been found in Turkey were observed in this study. Each of the 8 phytogeographical provinces in Turkey has a different Euphorinae faunal composition. In terms of the total number of species, the order of the phytogeographical provinces, from the most to the least amount of species, is as follows: Subeuxine, Euxine, Kseroeuxine, Iran, Mediterranean, Central Anatolian, Anatolian, and Mesopotamian. Key words: Euphorinae, Braconidae, Hymenoptera, phytogeographical, Turkey Türkiye’deki Euphorinae arıcıklarının (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) dağılımı ve fitocoğrafik olarak değerlendirilmesi Özet: Bu çalışmada, 1979 ve 2007 yılları arasında Türkiye’nin farklı ekosistemlerinden toplanan 8 tribüs, 16 cinse ait 63 tür değerlendirildi. Streblocera Westwood, Chrysopophthorus Goidanich, Elasmosoma Ruthe, Marshiella Shaw cinsleri ve Neoneurini Bengtsson tribüsü Türkiye’den ilk kez kaydedildi. Daha önce Türkiye’den saptanmamış 22 tür bu çalışmada gözlemlendi. Türkiye’deki sekiz fitocoğrafik bölgenin her biri, farklı Euphorinae faunal kompozisyona sahiptir. Sahip oldukları toplam tür sayısına göre fitocoğrafik bölgelerin sıralaması, en çoktan en aza doğru şu şekildedir: Subeuxine, Euxine, Kseroeuxine, Iran, Mediterranean, Central Anatolian, Anatolian ve Mesopotamian. Anahtar sözcükler: Euphorinae, Braconidae, Hymenoptera, fitocoğrafik, Türkiye Introduction morphologically and biologically very diverse. This Euphorinae Föerster, 1862 is a subfamily of the subfamily is a cosmopolitan lineage of small family Braconidae (order Hymenoptera) with 54 parasitoid wasps that use the adult, nymphal, and genera containing about 1113 described species, and larval stages of various insects as their hosts. They are is distributed all around the world. The subfamily solitary, rarely gregarious, and usually koinobiont Euphorinae includes parasitoid wasps that are endoparasitoids of several different orders of insects * E-mail: [email protected] 181 The distribution of Euphorinae wasps (Hymenoptera:Braconidae) in Turkey, with phytogeographical notes including the following, in order of frequency: between 1979 and 2007 (Figure 1). For the Coleoptera (especially the families Chrysomelidae terminology used in this paper and for the and Curculionidae), Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, identification of the subfamily, see van Achterberg Neuroptera, Hemiptera, Psocoptera, and Orthoptera. (1979, 1993, 1994), Shaw (1985), Tobias et al. (1986), Some species are potential biological control agents Belokobylskij (1992, 2004), Goulet and Mason (2006). against harmful insects (Shaw, 2004; Yu et al., 2005). Some species were identified by Dr. Kees van Achterberg (Department of Zoology, Leiden Natural Taxonomists disagree on how to classify the Museum, the Netherlands). genera; Shaw (1985) recognised 9 tribes and favors recognition of the subfamily Meteorinae Cresson for Genera and species were treated in alphabetical the genus Meteorus Haliday. Only 4 tribes, Euphorini, order in the subfamilies. All records were arranged in Cosmophorini, Centistini, Meteorini, are recognised the following order: province (alphabetically by van Achterberg (1993), while Yu et al. (2005) ordered)-town-local place-geographic name, habitat, recognized 14 tribes (Centistini, Cosmophorini, altitude, date of collection, and the number of male Cryptoxilonini, Dinocampini, Euphorini, and female individuals. The name of the province Helorimorphini, Meteorini, Myiocephalini, from which a particular species was recorded for the Neoneurini, Oncometeorini, Perilitini, first time was indicated with bold type. All the Proclithrophorini, Syntretini, and Tainitermini). specimens studied were deposited in the Zoological Museum at Trakya University. The Anatolian peninsula (Asian Turkey, also known as Asia Minor) is the westernmost point of Here, we provide phytogeographical notes on Asia, divided from Europe by the Bosphorus and Turkish species of Euphorinae and discuss the Dardanelles straits. Thrace includes the westernmost distribution of the Anatolian Euphorinae by part of Turkey on the European continent. Although phytogeographical province (Figure 2, Table 1) Turkey’s climate is temperate, the diverse nature of the following the terminology developed by Zohary landscape and mountain ranges extending in an east- (1973). The provinces are: the Euxine province, which west direction parallel to the north and south coasts belongs to the Euro-Siberian phytoregion and covers result in significant differences in climatic conditions the area along the northern part of Anatolia, as well as from one region to another. This mountain range southeastern and eastern European Turkey; the includes one peak over 5000 m in altitude, 3 over 4000 Subeuxine province, which also belongs to the Euro- m, and 129 peaks exceeding 3000 m. This irregular Siberian phytoregion and contains the Black Sea and southern Marmara regions below the east and west topographic structure creates a wide diversity of Black Sea mountains; the Mediterranean province, ecological conditions and species. The diversity in which includes Mediterranean Taurus, Antitaurus, climatic and ecological conditions in Turkey has led to and Aegean Anatolia up to Çanakkale province in the many speciation events in Anatolia and therefore a north, and to roughly 30° longitude in the east; the rich biodiversity (http://www.worldturkey.com/lang/ Kseroueuxine province, which belongs to the Irano- eng/geography.php). Turanian phytoregion and covers the Central The knowledge of Euphorinae from Turkey is Anatolian region, excluding the Iran steppe province; limited. The first information on the Euphorinae the Iran steppe province, which also belongs to the fauna of Turkey was given by Fahringer (1922). Until Irano-Turanian phytoregion and covers eastern the present study, 41 species had been recorded from Anatolia up to Erzurum province and Southern Turkey (Shenefelt, 1969; Papp, 1974, 1994; Kolarov, Anatolia, excluding Urfa and the Mardin provinces; 1989; Achterberg and Haeselbarth 2003; Beyarslan et the Anatolian steppe province, which belongs to the al., 2004; Koldas et al., 2007). Here, we add a few more Irano-Turanian phytoregion and includes the species and discuss the distribution of others. easternmost part of Anatolia; the Central Anatolian steppe province, which belongs to the Irano-Turanian phytoregion and includes Ankara and Konya Material and methods provinces in the middle of Kseroeuxine province; and Adult Euphorinae were collected from various the Mesopotamian steppe province, which includes habitats and altitudes using sweep nets and light traps Mesopotamia below southeastern Taurus. 182 T. YILMAZ, M. AYDOĞDU, A. BEYARSLAN BULGARIA BLACK SEA GEORGIAARMENIA 19 48 36 11 33 9 47 46 51 56 34 53 45 27 GREECE 2 6 12 14 24 25 52 28 21 5 23 16 13 7 IRAN 10 22 55 49 39 37 54 41 35 20 4 40 18 32 31 38 43 3 AEGEAN 17 SEA 15 1 44 26 50 IRAQ 42 8 100 km 30 29 SYRIA MEDITERRANEAN SEA Figure 1. Collecting places of Euphorinae species in Turkey: 1– Adana, 2– Adapazarı, 3–Adıyaman, 4– Afyon, 5– Ağrı, 6– Amasya, 7– Ankara, 8– Antalya, 9– Artvin, 10– Balıkesir, 11– Bartın, 12– Bayburt, 13– Bilecik, 14– Bolu, 15– Burdur, 16– Bursa, 17 – Denizli, 18– Diyarbakır, 19– Edirne, 20– Elazığ, 21– Erzurum, 22– Eskişehir, 23– Çanakkale, 24– Çankırı, 25– Çorum, 26– Gaziantep, 27– Giresun, 28– Gümüşhane, 29– Hatay, 30– İçel, 31– Isparta, 32– Kahramanmaraş, 33– Kastamonu, 34– Karabük, 35– Kayseri, 36– Kırklareli, 37– Kırşehir, 38– Konya, 39– Kütahya, 40– Malatya, 41– Manisa, 42– Muğla, 43– Niğde, 44– Osmaniye, 45– Ordu, 46– Rize, 47– Samsun, 48– Sinop, 49– Sivas, 50– Şanlıurfa, 51– Tekirdağ, 52– Tokat, 53– Trabzon, 54– Van, 55– Yozgat, 56– Zonguldak. Euxin province Iran steppe province Subeuxin province Anatolian steppe province Mediterranean province Central Anatolia steppe province Kseroeuxin province Mesopotamian steppe province Figure 2. Phytogeographical provinces in Turkey (modified from Mayer and Aksoy, 1998). Results Diyarbakır-Çınar-Şükürlü, pasture, 595 m, ♀ Tribe Centistini Capek, 1970 06.05.2003, 1 ; Elazığ-Baskil-Topakent, crop field, 903 m, 03.06.2007, 2♀♀; Samsun-Havza- Allurus lituratus (Haliday, 1835) Mismiliağaç, pasture, 610 m, 02.07.2003, 1♀, 2♂♂; Material.- Amasya-Merzifon-Uzunağaç, mixed Sivas-Yıldızeli-Ekecik, crop field, 1152 m, 30.05.2007, forest, 1600 m, 09.07.2003, 1♀; Ankara-Beypazarı- 1♀; Ulaş-Yağdonduran, crop field, 1630 m, Akçakavak, crop field, 527 m, 08.06.2007, 1♂; 01.06.2007, 1♀. 183 The distribution of Euphorinae wasps (Hymenoptera:Braconidae) in Turkey, with phytogeographical notes Table 1. Euphorinae of Turkey and their distribution according to phytogeographical provinces (EU: Euxine; SE: Subeuxine; MD: Mediterranean; KE: Kseroeuxine; IS: Iran steppe; AS: Anatolian steppe; CS: Central Anatolian steppe; MS: Mesopotamian steppe). Species