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Analyzing the Aspects of International Migration in Turkey by Using 2000

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Analyzing the Aspects of International Migration in Turkey by Using 2000 MiReKoc MIGRATION RESEARCH PROGRAM AT THE KOÇ UNIVERSITY ______________________________________________________________ MiReKoc Research Projects 2005-2006 Analyzing the Aspects of International Migration in Turkey by Using 2000 Census Results Yadigar Coşkun Address: Kırkkonoaklar Mah. 202. Sokak Utku Apt. 3/1 06610 Çankaya Ankara / Turkey Email: [email protected] Tel: +90. 312.305 1115 / 146 Fax: +90. 312. 311 8141 Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu 34450 Sarıyer Istanbul Turkey Tel: +90 212 338 1635 Fax: +90 212 338 1642 Webpage: www.mirekoc.com E.mail: [email protected] Table of Contents Abstract....................................................................................................................................................3 List of Figures and Tables .......................................................................................................................4 Selected Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................5 1. Introduction..........................................................................................................................................1 2. Literature Review and Possible Data Sources on International Migration..........................................6 2.1 Data Sources on International Migration Data in Turkey..............................................................6 2.2 Studies on International Migration in Turkey..............................................................................11 3. Research Design ................................................................................................................................13 3.1 Hypothesis / Research Question ..................................................................................................13 3.2 Methodology................................................................................................................................14 4. Results ...............................................................................................................................................17 4.1 Migration Rates on Individual Levels .........................................................................................19 5. Conclusion .........................................................................................................................................35 References..............................................................................................................................................37 Appendices ............................................................................................................................................44 Appendix 1.............................................................................................................................................44 Appendix 2.............................................................................................................................................74 Apendix 2A.........................................................................................................................................74 Appendix 2B.......................................................................................................................................76 Appendix 3.............................................................................................................................................78 Appendix 4.............................................................................................................................................79 Appendix 5.............................................................................................................................................80 Appendix 6.............................................................................................................................................82 2 Abstract The aim of this study it is to make estimations on the numerical aspects of international migration by using the 2000 census results. Starting with the 1975 census, the question of: “How many members of this household who are not in the house now are a) in the country? b) abroad?” was asked to every household head regularly each census. Using this data, and assuming that the people who are in abroad in the census day but reported as part of the households in Turkey as migrants, the number of emigrants was estimated from 2000 census. Although it is a crude and incomplete way of defining emigration, this limited definition had proven to provide meaningful and significant information in the past. By using the answers to this question, we will be able to cover a part of emigrants with the exception of those who migrated abroad as whole household units will not be included. Another aim of this study is to present the differentiations between traditional five regions of DHS surveys and for all three NUTS (The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) levels constructed by State Planning Organization and State Institute of Statistics as part of the efforts of statistical adaptations to European Union. 3 LISTOF FIGURES AND TABLES Figure 4.1. Emigration Rates (‰) by Censuses.................................................................. .............20 Table 4.1. Emigration Rates (‰) by 5 Regions and Type of Place of Residence (2000 Census Results, Turkey).......................................................................................... .............22 Table 4.2. Emigration Rates (‰) by 14 Regions and Type of Place of Residence (2000 Census Results, Turkey).........................................................................................................23 Table 4.3. Emigration Rates (‰) by NUTS-1 Level and Type of Place of Residence (2000 Census Results, Turkey)............................................................................................….........24 Table 4.4. Emigration Rates (‰) by NUTS-2 Level and Type of Place of Residence (2000 Census Results, Turkey).........................................................................................................26 Table 4.5. 10 Provinces Having Highest Emigration Rates (‰) (2000 Census Results, Turkey).................................................................................................................. .............28 Table 4.6. 10 Provinces Having Lowest Emigration Rates (‰) (2000 Census Results, Turkey)................................................................................................................................ .............29 Table 4.7. Household Emigration Rates (‰) by 5 Regions and Type of Place of Residence (2000 Census Results, Turkey).......................................................................................30 Table 4.8. Household Emigration Rates (‰) by 14 Regions and Type of Place of Residence (2000 Census Results, Turkey)..........................................................................….........31 Table 4.9. Household Emigration Rates (‰) by NUTS-1 Level and Type of Place of Residence (2000 Census Results, Turkey)...................................................................................32 Table 4.10. Household Emigration Rates (‰) by NUTS-2 Level and Type of Place of Residence (2000 Census Results, Turkey)...................................................................................33 Table 4.11. 10 Provinces Having Highest Emigration Rates (‰) (2000 Census Results, Turkey)...................................................................................................................….........34 Table 4.12. 10 Provinces Having Lowest Emigration Rates (‰) (2000 Census Results, Turkey).................................................................................................................. …........35 4 SELECTED ABBREVIATIONS DHS: Demographic and Health Surveys EU: European Union HUIPS: Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies NIDI: Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute NUTS: The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics TDHS: Turkey Demographic and Health Surveys TIMS: Turkish International Migration Survey TURKSTAT: Turkey Statistical Institute UNHCR: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 5 1. Introduction Migration is as old as the human history. Human have been migrating since Prehistoric times. Either as an individual or as a family or as group; during the thousands of years; lots of people have been migrated or going to migrate from one place to another with different purposes and reasons. It is estimated that the number of international migrants is 185 million that is some 3 percent of the world’s population (McKinley, 2004). Most of the world’s developed countries have become diverse, multiethnic societies, and those that have not reached this state are moving in that direction (Massey et. al., 1993). The extent of the emigration and the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the migrants are very important and have direct influence on social and economic characteristics of both the country of origin and the country for destination. A full understanding of contemporary migratory mechanisms will not be achieved by depending on the tools of one discipline alone, or by focusing on a single level of analysis. Migration is more complex and multifaceted than any other demographic events. With the decline in fertility and mortality in many parts of the world, migration has taken on
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