Steering Committee for Culture, Heritage and Landscape (Cdcpp)
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STEERING COMMITTEE FOR CULTURE, HERITAGE AND LANDSCAPE (CDCPP) CDCPP-Bu(2013)19 Strasbourg, 8 October 2013 4th meeting of the Bureau Strasbourg, 16-17 October 2013 CULTURAL POLICY IN TURKEY – NATIONAL REPORT DOCUMENT FOR INFORMATION Item 3.1 of the draft agenda Council of Europe European Programme of National Cultural Policy Reviews CULTURAL POLICY IN TURKEY NATIONAL REPORT Ankara October/2013 INDEX CULTURAL POLICY IN TURKEY – NATIONAL REPORT ..................................... i INDEX......................................................................................................................................... i TABLE INDEX......................................................................................................................... vi GRAPHICS INDEX................................................................................................................. vii PREFACE................................................................................................................................... 1 1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................. 3 2. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK OF CULTURAL POLICY ................... 7 2.1. Fundamental Goals and Priorities in Cultural Policy.................................................. 7 2.1.1 The Constitution and Top Policy Documents....................................................... 7 2.1.2. Fundamental Aims and Targets ........................................................................... 8 2.2. Laws Related to Culture............................................................................................... 10 2.3. Significant Cultural Legislation in Progress .............................................................. 11 2.3.1. Transposition of the Acquis of the European Union and the Ministry of Culture and Tourism:.................................................................................................... 11 2.4. International Agreements in the Field of Culture and Turkey .................................. 11 2.5 Fundamental Actors in Cultural Policy ....................................................................... 11 2.5.1. Public Institutions and Organizations ............................................................... 11 2.5.1.1. The Ministry of Culture and Tourism........................................................ 12 2.5.1.2 Public Institutions and Organizations ......................................................... 14 2.5.2 Local Administrations .......................................................................................... 14 2.5.2.1. Municipalities................................................................................................ 15 2.5.2.2. Special Provincial Administrations............................................................. 17 2.5.3. Civil Society.......................................................................................................... 17 2.5.3.1. Foundations................................................................................................... 17 2.5.3.2. Associations................................................................................................... 17 2.5.3.3. Unions, Professional Chambers and Vocational Unions Related to Industry of Culture.................................................................................................... 18 2.5.3.4. Private Organizations, Societies and Persons Active in Fields of Arts and culture......................................................................................................................... 19 2.5.3.4.1. Cultural Activities of Banks and Companies...................................... 19 2.5.3.4.2. Private Theatres and Private Art Communities................................. 20 i 2.5.3.4.3. Private Museums, Galleries and Collectors........................................ 21 2.5.3.4.5. Artists ..................................................................................................... 21 2.5.3.4.5. Media Organizations............................................................................. 23 2.6. Promoting Turkish Culture Abroad ............................................................................ 23 Yunus Emre Cultural Centres have been established in Nicosia of NCTR (North Cyrus Turkish Republic), Sarajevo and Foynitza in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Tirana, Shkoder, Prizren, Peje Pristina of Albania, Cairo and Alexandria of Egypt, Skopje of Macedonia, Astana of Kazakhstan, London of England, Brussels of Belgium, Damascus of Syria, Beirut of Lebanon, Amman of Jordan, Warsaw of Poland, Tbilisi of Georgia, Constanta and Bucharest of Romania, Tehran of Iran, Tokyo of Japan and Budapest in Hungry since 2009. .............................................................................................................................................. 25 2.7. International Culture Institutions and Turkey ........................................................... 25 3. CULTURAL HERITAGE.................................................................................................... 26 3.1. Cultural Assets.............................................................................................................. 26 3.1.1. Immovable Cultural Assets................................................................................. 26 3.1.2. Movable Cultural Assets ..................................................................................... 27 3.2. Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) ............................................................................ 29 3.3. Protection of Immovable and Movable Cultural Assets in Turkey ............................ 31 3.3.1. Development of Protection System of Immovable Cultural Assets in Turkey: ......................................................................................................................................... 31 3.3.1.1. Status of the Immovable Cultural Assets Protection System ................... 31 3.3.1.2. Financial Support Provided to Restoration and Construction Works for Protection of Immovable Cultural assets................................................................. 33 3.3.1.3. Maintenance and Repair of Relics Located Abroad ............................... 34 3.3.1.4. Legislation Related to Protection of Immovable Cultural Assets ............ 35 3.3.1.5. International Legislation on Immovable Cultural Assets......................... 35 3.3.2. Protection of Movable Cultural Assets .............................................................. 36 3.3.2.1. Museums, Specialized Storages and Private Museums in the Protection of Movable Cultural Assets........................................................................................... 36 3.3.2.2. Collectors and Business Establishments of Cultural Assets in Protection of Movable Cultural Assets....................................................................................... 37 3.3.2.3. Libraries and Archives in the Protection of Moveable Cultural Assets .. 38 3.3.2.4. Legislation Related to Protection of Movable Cultural assets.................. 38 3.3.2.5. The Prevention of Cultural Properties Smuggling.................................... 39 3.3.2.5.1. Domestic Activities................................................................................ 39 3.3.2.5.2. International Activities ......................................................................... 39 ii 4. CULTURAL ECONOMY............................................................................................. 43 4.1. Cultural Industries ....................................................................................................... 43 4.1.1. Literature and Publishing................................................................................... 43 4.1.2. Cinema and Film.................................................................................................. 46 4.1.2.1. TV Series ....................................................................................................... 50 4.1.3. Music..................................................................................................................... 51 4.1.4. Performing Arts ................................................................................................... 53 4.1.4.1. Opera and Ballet........................................................................................... 53 4.1.4.2. Theatre .......................................................................................................... 55 4.1.5. Visual Arts............................................................................................................ 57 4.1.6. Festivals and Fairs ............................................................................................... 57 4.1.7. Design.................................................................................................................... 59 4.1.8. Advertising ........................................................................................................... 61 4.2. Units Affiliated to Ministry of Culture and Tourism .................................................. 63 4.2.1. Cultural Centres .................................................................................................. 63 4.2.2. Fine Arts Galleries and Painting/Sculpture Museums ..................................... 64 4.2.3. Museums..............................................................................................................