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Bhakti Movement Part-3
B.A (HONS) PART-3 PAPER-5 DR.MD .NEYAZ HUSSAIN ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR & HOD PG DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY MAHARAJA COLLEGE, VKSU, ARA (BIHAR) Ramanuja He was one of the earliest reformers. Born in the South, he made a pilgrimage to some of the holy places in Northern India. Considered God as an Ocean of Love and beauty. Teachings were based on the Upanishads and Bhagwad Gita. He had taught in the language of the common man. Soon a large number of people became his followers. Ramanand was his disciple He took his message to Northern parts of India. Ramananda He was the first reformer to preach in Hindi, the main language spoken by the people of the North. Educated at Benaras, lived in the 12 th Century A.D. Preached that there is nothing high or low. All men are equal in the eyes of God . He was an ardent worshipper of Rama Welcomed people of all castes and status to follow his teachings He had twelve chief disciples. One of them was a barber, another was a weaver, the third one was a cobbler and the other was the famous saint Kabir and the fifth one was a woman named Padmavathi. Considered God as a loving father. Kabir Disciple of Ramananda. It is said that he was the son of a Brahmin widow who had left him near a tank at Varanasi. A Muslim couple Niru and his wife who were weavers brought up the child . Later he became a weaver but he was attracted by the teachings of Swami Ramananda. -
Bhakti Movement
TELLINGS AND TEXTS Tellings and Texts Music, Literature and Performance in North India Edited by Francesca Orsini and Katherine Butler Schofield http://www.openbookpublishers.com © Francesca Orsini and Katherine Butler Schofield. Copyright of individual chapters is maintained by the chapters’ authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work; to adapt the work and to make commercial use of the work providing attribution is made to the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: Orsini, Francesca and Butler Schofield, Katherine (eds.), Tellings and Texts: Music, Literature and Performance in North India. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0062 Further details about CC BY licenses are available at http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/ In order to access detailed and updated information on the license, please visit: http://www.openbookpublishers.com/isbn/9781783741021#copyright All external links were active on 22/09/2015 and archived via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine: https://archive.org/web/ Digital material and resources associated with this volume are available at http:// www.openbookpublishers.com/isbn/9781783741021#resources ISBN Paperback: 978-1-78374-102-1 ISBN Hardback: 978-1-78374-103-8 ISBN Digital (PDF): 978-1-78374-104-5 ISBN Digital ebook (epub): 978-1-78374-105-2 ISBN Digital ebook (mobi): 9978-1-78374-106-9 DOI: 10.11647/OBP.0062 King’s College London has generously contributed to the publication of this volume. -
The Caste Question: Dalits and the Politics of Modern India
chapter 1 Caste Radicalism and the Making of a New Political Subject In colonial India, print capitalism facilitated the rise of multiple, dis- tinctive vernacular publics. Typically associated with urbanization and middle-class formation, this new public sphere was given material form through the consumption and circulation of print media, and character- ized by vigorous debate over social ideology and religio-cultural prac- tices. Studies examining the roots of nationalist mobilization have argued that these colonial publics politicized daily life even as they hardened cleavages along fault lines of gender, caste, and religious identity.1 In west- ern India, the Marathi-language public sphere enabled an innovative, rad- ical form of caste critique whose greatest initial success was in rural areas, where it created novel alliances between peasant protest and anticaste thought.2 The Marathi non-Brahmin public sphere was distinguished by a cri- tique of caste hegemony and the ritual and temporal power of the Brah- min. In the latter part of the nineteenth century, Jotirao Phule’s writings against Brahminism utilized forms of speech and rhetorical styles asso- ciated with the rustic language of peasants but infused them with demands for human rights and social equality that bore the influence of noncon- formist Christianity to produce a unique discourse of caste radicalism.3 Phule’s political activities, like those of the Satyashodak Samaj (Truth Seeking Society) he established in 1873, showed keen awareness of trans- formations wrought by colonial modernity, not least of which was the “new” Brahmin, a product of the colonial bureaucracy. Like his anticaste, 39 40 Emancipation non-Brahmin compatriots in the Tamil country, Phule asserted that per- manent war between Brahmin and non-Brahmin defined the historical process. -
Visceral Politics of Food: the Bio-Moral Economy of Work- Lunch in Mumbai, India
Visceral politics of food: the bio-moral economy of work- lunch in Mumbai, India Ken Kuroda London School of Economics and Political Science A thesis submitted to the Department of Anthropology of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, March 2018 1 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 98896 words. 2 Abstract This Ph.D. examines how commuters in Mumbai, India, negotiate their sense of being and wellbeing through their engagements with food in the city. It focuses on the widespread practice of eating homemade lunches in the workplace, important for commuters to replenish mind and body with foods that embody their specific family backgrounds, in a society where religious, caste, class, and community markers comprise complex dietary regimes. Eating such charged substances in the office canteen was essential in reproducing selfhood and social distinction within Mumbai’s cosmopolitan environment. -
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Writings & Speeches Vol. 3
Babasaheb Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (14th April 1891 - 6th December 1956) blank DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR WRITINGS AND SPEECHES VOL. 3 First Edition Compiled by VASANT MOON Second Edition by Prof. Hari Narake Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar : Writings and Speeches Vol. 3 First Edition by Education Department, Govt. of Maharashtra : 14 April, 1987 Re-printed by Dr. Ambedkar Foundation : January, 2014 ISBN (Set) : 978-93-5109-064-9 Courtesy : Monogram used on the Cover page is taken from Babasaheb Dr. Ambedkar’s Letterhead. © Secretary Education Department Government of Maharashtra Price : One Set of 1 to 17 Volumes (20 Books) : Rs. 3000/- Publisher: Dr. Ambedkar Foundation Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment, Govt. of India 15, Janpath, New Delhi - 110 001 Phone : 011-23357625, 23320571, 23320589 Fax : 011-23320582 Website : www.ambedkarfoundation.nic.in The Education Department Government of Maharashtra, Bombay-400032 for Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Source Material Publication Committee Printer M/s. Tan Prints India Pvt. Ltd., N. H. 10, Village-Rohad, Distt. Jhajjar, Haryana Minister for Social Justice and Empowerment & Chairperson, Dr. Ambedkar Foundation Kumari Selja MESSAGE Babasaheb Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the Chief Architect of Indian Constitution was a scholar par excellence, a philosopher, a visionary, an emancipator and a true nationalist. He led a number of social movements to secure human rights to the oppressed and depressed sections of the society. He stands as a symbol of struggle for social justice. The Government of Maharashtra has done a highly commendable work of publication of volumes of unpublished works of Dr. Ambedkar, which have brought out his ideology and philosophy before the Nation and the world. -
The Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics
THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS (Organ of the Indian Society of Agricultural Economics) Vol. I October 1946 1-• No. 2. CONFERENCE NUMBER PROCEEDINGS of the SIXTH CONFERENCE held at Benares, December, 1945. SUBJECTS I. T.V.A. Approach and its possibilities in Indian Agriculture. 2. Social Factors in Rural Economy. 3. Costs In relation to size of Farms. 4. Indian Food Policy. Rs. 3/- per copy. 12/- per annum. ••• THE INDIAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS BOMBAY: AIMS AND OBJECTS Tiaiii-Ote the inv-eitigation,--gtiiity *and inipieVemerit Of the economic . and social COnditions of agriculture and. rural life through (a) periodical conferences for the discussion of problems; (b) the publication of papers, or collectively; or in a periodical which may be issued under the auspices of the Society; n (c) co-operation with other institution having similar objects, such as the International Conference of Agricultural Economists and the Indian Economic Association; etc. EDITORIAL BOARD - Sir Manila! B. Nanavati V. L. Mehta 'D. R. Gadgil Gyan Chand L. C. Jain K. C. Ramkrislinan B,. K.Madan. - S. Kartar Singh •• - J. J. Anjaria (Managing Editor) Correspondence -relating to the supply- of copies should be addressed to the Honorary Secretary, The Indian Society. of Agricultural :Economies,- Esplanade Mansions, 3rd Floor,- Mahatma Gandhi Road,'Fort, Bombay. CONTENTS Pages Notes • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 3 Inaugural Address—Mr. Noel Hall • • .. • • • • 6 Welcome Address—Shri Sampurnanand .. • • • • • • 20 Presidential Address—Sir Manilal B. Nanavati • • • • • • 26 PAPERS AND DISCUSSION T. V. A. Approach and its possibilities in Indian Agriculture:— (1) S. Kesava Iyengar .. .. .. • • • • 39 (2) J. P. Bhattacharjee • • • • .. 44 (3) Gyan Chand • • • • • • • • • • . -
Sadhguru Calls for Concerted Action by All to Save World's Water Bodies
VOL 12 ISSUE 11 ● NEW YORK ● MARCH 23 - MARCH 29, 2018 ● ENQUIRIES: 646-247-9458 www.theindianpanorama.news Facebook data breach: CEO Zuckerberg says it was a Sadhguru calls for concerted action ‘mistake’, ‘I’m sorry’ by all to save world’s water bodies Vows tougher security steps to restrict developers' access to such information UNITED NATIONS (TIP): Renowned spiritual leader Sadhguru Jaggi Vasudev has welcomed the United Nations' initiative to launch a new decade to focus action on management of water resources, saying such effort is critical towards helping in the survival of future generations and calling Breaking his silence on for concerted action by all to save the world's the accusations of a water bodies. serious data breach, Sadhguru, speaking at a special event on Facebook CEO Mark Water, Sanitation and Women's Zuckerberg said "sorry" Empowerment during the current session of for the "mistake" Commission on the Status of Women here, on March 21, said it is "appropriate" that at SAN FRANCISCO (TIP): Facebook Inc chief executive this moment the UN has taken the step to Mark Zuckerberg apologized on Wednesday, March 21, for launch the 10 year action plan. "It is most Sadhguru Jaggi Vasudev speaks at a Special Event on Water, Sanitation and mistakes his company made in how it handled data contd on page 32 Women's Empowerment during the current session of Commission on the Status of Women at the United Nations, March 21. Photo / Mohammed Jaffer-SnapsIndia belonging to 50 million of its users and promised tougher steps to restrict developers' access to such information. -
Novel Insights on Demographic History of Tribal and Caste Groups From
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Novel insights on demographic history of tribal and caste groups from West Maharashtra (India) using genome-wide data Guilherme Debortoli1,7, Cristina Abbatangelo1,7, Francisco Ceballos2,7, Cesar Fortes-Lima3, Heather L. Norton4, Shantanu Ozarkar5, Esteban J. Parra1 & Manjari Jonnalagadda6 ✉ The South Asian subcontinent is characterized by a complex history of human migrations and population interactions. In this study, we used genome-wide data to provide novel insights on the demographic history and population relationships of six Indo-European populations from the Indian State of West Maharashtra. The samples correspond to two castes (Deshastha Brahmins and Kunbi Marathas) and four tribal groups (Kokana, Warli, Bhil and Pawara). We show that tribal groups have had much smaller efective population sizes than castes, and that genetic drift has had a higher impact in tribal populations. We also show clear afnities between the Bhil and Pawara tribes, and to a lesser extent, between the Warli and Kokana tribes. Our comparisons with available modern and ancient DNA datasets from South Asia indicate that the Brahmin caste has higher Ancient Iranian and Steppe pastoralist contributions than the Kunbi Marathas caste. Additionally, in contrast to the two castes, tribal groups have very high Ancient Ancestral South Indian (AASI) contributions. Indo-European tribal groups tend to have higher Steppe contributions than Dravidian tribal groups, providing further support for the hypothesis that Steppe pastoralists were the source of Indo-European languages in South Asia, as well as Europe. Te South Asian subcontinent is characterized by a complex history of human migrations and interactions, as well as a variety of traditional practices, all of which have contributed to an extensive cultural and genetic diversity. -
Who Were the Shudras
D:\AMBEDKAR\VOL-07\CONTENT Mk S.K.—26-09-2013>DK>9-11-2013\M 1 Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Source Material Publication Committee, Maharashtra State EDITORIAL BOARD 1SHRI KAMALKISHOR KADAM .. .. .. PRESIDENT MINISTER FOR EDUCATION 2PROF. JAVED KHAN .. .. .. VICE-PRESIDENT EDUCATION MINISTER FOR STATE 3SHRI R. S. GAVAI .. .. .. VICE-PRESIDENT 4SHRI DADASAHEB RUPAVATE .. .. .. EXECUTIVE PRESIDENT 5SHRI B. C. KAMBLE .. .. .. MEMBER 6DR. P. T. BORALE .. .. .. MEMBER 7SHRI GHANSHYAM TALVATKAR .. .. .. MEMBER 8SHRI SHANKARRAO KHARAT .. .. .. MEMBER 9SHRIMATI SHANTABAI DANI .. .. .. MEMBER 10 SHRI WAMAN NIMBALKAR .. .. .. MEMBER 11 SHRI PRAKASH AMBEDKAR .. .. .. MEMBER 12 SHRI R. R. BHOLE .. .. .. MEMBER 13 SHRI S. S. REGE .. .. .. MEMBER 14 DR. BHALCHANDRA PHADKE .. .. .. MEMBER 15 SHRI DAYA PAWAR .. .. .. MEMBER 16 SHRI LAXMAN MANE .. .. .. MEMBER 17 PROF. N. D. PATIL .. .. .. MEMBER 18 PROF. MORESHWAR VANMALI .. .. .. MEMBER 19 PROF. JANARDAN WAGHMARE .. .. .. MEMBER 20 BARRISTER P. G. PATIL .. .. .. MEMBER 21 DR. M. P. MANGUDKAR .. .. .. MEMBER 22 PROF. G. P. PRADHAN .. .. .. MEMBER 23 SHRI B. M. AMBHAIKAR .. .. .. MEMBER 24 SHRI N. M. KAMBLE .. .. .. MEMBER 25 PROF. J. C. CHANDURKAR .. .. .. MEMBER 26 SHRI GIRISH KHOBRAGADE .. .. .. MEMBER 27 SECRETARY, EDUCATION DEPARTMENT .. .. MEMBER 28 DIRECTOR OF EDUCATION .. .. .. MEMBER- SECRETARY 29 SHRI V. W. MOON, O.S.D. .. .. .. MEMBER D:\AMBEDKAR\VOL-07\CONTENT Mk S.K.—26-09-2013>DK>9-11-2013\S 2 BLANK D:\AMBEDKAR\VOL-07\CONTENT Mk S.K.—26-09-2013>DK>9-11-2013\M 3 FOREWORD The seventh volume of the Writings and Speeches of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar contains two of his most memorable contributions to the sociological literature of the modern India, viz. (1) ‘Who were the Shudras?- How they came to be the Fourth Varna in the Indo-Aryan Society;’ and (2) ‘The Untouchables- Who Were They and Why They Became Untouchables?’ Both these works have influenced the thinking of the present century which has witnessed emergence of the individual as the autonomous unit in the constitutional jurisprudence of equality and liberty. -
Shiv Sena, Saamana, and Minorities Without Appendices
The aim of this thesis is to analyze how the Mumbai-based Hindu nationalist and regionalist/nativist political party Shiv Sena communicates about minorities through the Hindi version of its daily newspaper Saamana. After giving a brief introduction to Shiv Sena and the Hindu nationalist movement in India, the editorial articles published in the period Mon. 8/2- Sun. 14/2 2016 are analyzed against a theoretical framework based on Foucault and the idea that the public discourse itself is a field of battle where different actors can and do contest what is socially possible to express. The articles as far as they are concerned with minorities are found to be mainly preoccupied with Muslims, which are associated with Pakistan and terrorists and pictured as potentially fanatic and disloyal to the nation. Keywords: Shiv Sena, Saamana, Hindu nationalism, Hindutva, Mumbai, Indian politics, political rhetoric, discourse, minorities, media. agy erif' In recent years the public discourse in Sweden as well as in several other European countries has been increasingly preoccupied with the rise and comparative success of a group of political parties which are often given labels like - as Sverigedemokraterna in Sweden, UKIP in Great Britain, and Alternative für Deutschland in Germany. These parties often use rhetoric that stretch the limits of what is politically correct or even socially acceptable in their respective countries. What is considered politically correct is of course not static. On the contrary it differs considerably from country to country and can change dramatically over time. Our age is an increasingly globalized one, with an increasing part of the population in many European countries having roots in other parts of the world and taking part of political rhetoric shaped in contexts with social norms differing from those dominating in Europe. -
Philosophy of Hinduism ______
Philosophy of Hinduism ______________________________________________ Contents Chapter 1 Philosophy of Hinduism Does Hinduism recognize Equality? How does Hinduism stand in this matter? Does Hinduism recognise Fraternity? What is the value of such a religion to man ? On what level does Hindu morality stand? Of what use is this philosophy of the Upanishadas? (The script published in the Writings and Speeches, vol. 3 published by Government of Maharashtra did not have any chapter names. It was divided in I to VI parts. For the sake of readership convenience we are providing additional hyperlinks to some paras by way of projecting some questions in the text. ) Editorial Note: This script on Philosophy of Hinduism was found as a well-bound copy which we feel is complete by itself. The whole script seems to be a Chapter of one big scheme. This foolscap original typed copy consists of 169 pages.— Editors CHAPTER I Philosophy of Hinduism I What is the philosophy of Hinduism? This is a question which arises in its logical sequence. But apart from its logical sequence its importance is such that it can never be omitted from consideration. Without it no one can understand the aims and ideals of Hinduism. It is obvious that such a study must be preceded by a certain amount of what may be called clearing of the ground and defining of the terms involved. At the outset it may be asked what does this proposed title comprehend? Is this title of the Philosophy of Hinduism of the same nature as that of the Philosophy of Religion? I wish I could commit myself one way or the other on this point. -
A Mother of Many Sons: the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh And
A Mother of Many Sons: The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and Gendered Justifications for Violence Caity Rose Campana RLG 5149: Religion, Violence, and Conflict Professor Oren Stier 10 December 2020 1 On a spring day in 2017, before a crowd in Madhya Pradesh, India, a Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh1 mahanagar pramukh (district chief) named Kundan Chandrawat gave a rousing speech. Comprised of RSS members and supporters,2 Chandrawat’s audience cheered as the local leader, clad in a pink kurta, condemned the actions of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)3 and called for the beheading of Pinarayi Vijayan, the chief minister of the southern Indian state of Kerala. Although jarring in the violence it advocates, this was not the most striking of Chandrawat’s remarks. He went on to invoke the 2002 Gujarat riots, in which over 1,000 people—most of them Muslims—died,4 bragging that “You5 killed 56, we sent 2,000 to the graveyard. We—this same Hindu community—shoved their corpses underground. You6 have killed 300 pracharaks [RSS recruiters] and activists, we will present Bharat Mata [Mother India] with a garland of 300,000 skulls in return.”7,8 It is Chandrawat’s last sentence, uttered with 1 Hereafter RSS. Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh translates from Sanskrit/Marathi to “National Volunteer Organization.” This group will be discussed at length in the third section of the essay, The RSS: Historical Elements and Ideology. 2 The event Chandrawat spoke at was organized by a local political group with the support of the RSS. 3 The Communist Party of India (Marxist) and the alliance of which it is a member, the Left Democratic Front (LDF), had been accused by the RSS of killing right-wing party workers in Kerala.