T15 23 Main Preparation Routes and Current Requirements for Eighth

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Exhibit 23: Main Preparation Routes and Current Requirements for Eighth Grade Teachers Reported by National Research Coordinators Current Requirements

Supervised Completion of Completion Description of Policy Changes Within Past Country Main Teacher Preparation Route Practicum Passing a Probationary of Mentoring 10 Years During Teacher Qualifying Teaching or Induction Education Examination Period Program Program

Teachers must have a university diploma. Yes Yes No change in policy Armenia Yes No (1 month) (30 months) Most teachers receive a 4-year university degree Yes Yes In 2011, the decision was made to align teacher in education, or complete a 2-year postgraduate (varies (varies by state, registration processes across states so that they Australia No No qualification program following a 3- or 4-year according to usually around become nationally consistent in terms of the non-education degree. course) 1 year) broad requirements. Teachers are required to hold a bachelor’s degree No change in policy in their respective subject, along with a Bahrain Yes No No No postgraduate diploma in education, and attend in-service training.

Teachers graduate with college diplomas that No change in policy SOURCE: IEA's Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study – TIMSS 2015 qualify them to teach in primary schools. Yes Yes Botswana Prospective teachers are required to learn all Yes No (3–4 months) (6 months) school subjects in their first 2 years and then specialize in 2 subjects during their last year. In all Canadian provinces, the majority of No change in policy teachers receive their education through a Yes Canada university degree program. This varies across the Yes No (varies by No country and in some provinces there are greater province) requirements than in others. Teachers receive their education through a The new National Teaching Policy under university or professional institute (tertiary consideration by Parliament in 2015 changes Yes education) degree program. salaries, the definition of income requirements, Chile (varies by Yes No No the induction of new teachers, teacher program) evaluation and career advancement, and incentives for teachers. Most teachers attend teacher programs at No change in policy Yes Chinese Taipei universities. Some teachers attend a teacher Yes No Yes (1 semester) program while they are in graduate institutes. Egypt – – – – – – Teachers in Local Authority maintained schools Prior to 2011, all state funded schools had to must have a degree to obtain Qualified Teacher employ teachers with qualified teacher status. status and meet threshold General Certification Yes This was not a requirement for independent of Secondary Education (GCSE) standards in Yes (1 full-time schools (Local Authority maintained and England Yes Yes English, mathematics, and science. Teachers in (24 weeks) school year or academies). academy schools (state funded but independent equivalent) of the Local Authority) do not need to be qualified. Most teachers receive their education through a Since 2014, every teacher at the general Georgia university degree program. No Yes No Yes educational institution must pass a certification exam. Teachers receive their education either through No change in policy a teacher college program or, more commonly, through a university degree program. It is the Hong Kong SAR Yes Yes No No government's long-term policy to require all new teachers to receive professional training and hold a degree.

A dash (–) indicates data not provided.

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Current Requirements

Teachers receive their education through a The Bologna process was introduced in 2006. master's degree program. Before the Bologna This change was not applicable for the TIMSS Yes Hungary process was established, a 4-year college Yes No No 2015 students’ teachers. (8–10 weeks) program was required. Teachers in Grades 5–8 are trained in their specific subjects. Most teachers receive their education through No change in policy teacher education programs or through universities with majors in primary education. Iran, Islamic Rep. of No No No No Most eighth grade teachers major in the subject they will teach, such as mathematics, physics,

chemistry, biology, or mathematics education. SOURCE: IEA's Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study – TIMSS 2015 Qualification to be a teacher of the eighth grade The change from a 1-year Higher Diploma in is usually achieved through a consecutive Education to a 2-year Professional Master of model, which first involves gaining a primary Education program and the probation and degree from a recognized third-level institution induction requirements have been introduced. by completing a full time course of at least three There is a National Induction Programme for years duration (ISCED level 6). This degree must teachers, which provides a structured mentoring include at least one subject from the post- and training program for newly qualified primary schools’ curriculum for the Leaving Yes teachers. It is the Teaching Council’s Yes Ireland Certificate Programme. The primary degree is (varies by Yes Yes responsibility to ensure that newly qualified (300 hours) followed by a postgraduate qualification in program) teachers participate in this program and education such as the Professional Masters of teachers have 3 years to complete the program. Education, which is two years in duration. These changes occurred in 2014. Another path to qualification as a teacher of the eighth grade is through gaining a degree awarded by a recognized third-level institution on the basis of a concurrent course of academic study and teacher training. Most teachers receive a Bachelor of Education A mandatory year of probationary teaching was teaching qualification through 4-year teachers' initiated 8 years ago. college of education programs. Some receive their education through a university degree Yes Israel Yes No Yes followed by 1 year of study toward a teaching (1 year) license (3 years towards B.A./B.Sc. and an additional 1–2 year program towards a teaching certificate). Preprimary and primary teachers must complete Before 2013 a specific training course (Tirocinio a 5-year university degree program in education Formativo Attivo) was mandatory, but a (Laurea Magistrale in Scienze della Formazione university degree was not required. Since 2013, Primaria) to be certified to teach. Students are a university degree is compulsory and sufficient required to attend a period of supervised Yes Yes to become a fully certified teacher. Italy Yes No practicum throughout years 2–5 of the course (600 hours) (1 year) and to write a final report. The period of supervised practicum includes class observation activities, tutored teaching practice, and self- directed teaching activities. Grade 8 teachers must hold a secondary school No change in policy teacher certificate and pass a teacher Yes Yes Japan Yes Yes appointment examination offered by the local (4 weeks) (1 year) board of education.

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Current Requirements

Teachers receive their education through a No change in policy Jordan No No No No university degree program. Most teachers receive their education through a In 2011, policy changes were enacted to pedagogical higher education institution or incorporate continuous professional Yes Yes Kazakhstan pedagogical college. Yes Yes development into the teacher education system, (30 hours) (3 months) including establishing communities of practice among Kazakhstani teachers. Middle school teachers graduating from No change in policy Teachers' College major in their specific subject or general studies with a teacher certificate. Yes Korea, Rep. of There is also a graduate school of education for Yes No Yes SOURCE: IEA's Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study – TIMSS 2015 (4 weeks) the people who want to be a teacher after graduating from a non-education college or University. Primary education teachers must hold a No change in policy university degree from the Department of Yes Kuwait Education at the University of Kuwait College of No Yes Yes (3 months) Basic Education, or any equivalent university degree from another institution. Teachers are graduates from the faculty of No change in policy Lebanon Yes Yes No No education with a specialization in mathematics. Most primary school teachers receive their In 2014, a new description for qualification education in pedagogical universities through a requirements for teachers was approved by the university degree program. There are also Minister of Education and Science. One of the Yes Lithuania primary teacher college programs. Studies last No No No main changes was that pedagogical university (3 months) for 4 years at a university (bachelor's degree) students cannot be primary school teachers and 3 or 4 years at a college (professional until they finish their studies. bachelor's degree). Most teachers complete a tertiary education Teacher Education Institutions are more level in teaching or education. Some complete a stringent in candidate selection. Candidates are Yes Yes Malaysia postgraduate diploma in education. Yes Yes now required to have better grades on the Grade (2 semesters) (1–3 years) 11 national exam and to sit for an aptitude test and interview. Most teachers receive their education through a Mentoring was introduced in January 2012. 4-year university program (Bachelor in Education (Hons) specializing in one or two subjects). Others may follow a 1-year postgraduate course (Post-Graduate Certificate Yes Yes Malta in Education) after obtaining an undergraduate (three 6-week No Yes (1 year) degree. As of October 2016, the University of blocks) Malta will introduce a Masters in Teaching and Learning (MTL), which will eventually be the minimum requirement for eighth grade teachers. Teachers must hold a bachelor's degree, pass an To be accepted into a teacher training center entrance exam to gain admission to a training before 2012, the candidate had to have a DEUG Yes Yes Morocco center (CRMEF), and graduate from the training Yes Yes (a diploma awarded after finishing two years of (3 months) (1 year) center. study at university), 1 training year, and pass the final exams at the training center . Teachers either obtain a university degree in a No change in policy Yes Yes subject and then a 1-year graduate diploma, or New Zealand (minimum 14 No (at least 2 No participate in a conjoint degree program (e.g. weeks) years) Bachelor of Science/Bachelor of Teaching).

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Current Requirements

Most teachers attend a specific teacher college Previously there was one program for Grades program to teach Grades 1–7 or Grades 5–10. Yes 1–10. In 2010, the program was separated into Norway Yes No No (100 days) a program for Grades 1–7 and another program for Grades 5–10. Teachers much hold a Bachelor of Education No change in policy Oman degree, with a specialization in mathematics No No No No and science (physics, biology, or chemistry). Teachers must have a bachelor’s degree of New teachers must have four years of mathematics or science. Primary school teachers supervised student teaching experience at the have to finish 48 hours of training in an entry primary level and pass a qualifying examination

Qatar level teacher education program and another 48 No Yes No No before they can be officially employed as a SOURCE: IEA's Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study – TIMSS 2015 hours in an advanced level teacher education teacher. They also must complete a series of program. training programs to strengthen their abilities in teaching and delivering information. Most teachers receive their education through a No change in policy Russian Federation Yes Yes No No 4–5 year university program. Most teachers receive their education through a No change in policy university degree program. Some receive their Yes Saudi Arabia Yes No No education through a teacher college program, (1 year) but this is becoming less common. All prospective secondary school teachers are No change in policy required to undergo one of the following three pre-service teacher education programs Yes conducted by the National Institute of Yes Singapore (at least 10 Yes Yes Education, Nanyang Technological University. (1 year) weeks) They can obtain either a 4-year Bachelor of Arts/Science (Education), or a 1- or 2-year Postgraduate Diploma in Education. All teachers receive their education through a Yes No change in policy university degree program (5 years) and earn a (a few weeks, Yes Slovenia teacher certificate. Teachers who finished their depending on Yes Yes (9 months) education before 1980 can finish teacher college the university programs while they continue to teach. program) Most teachers receive their education through a The revised Minimum Requirements of Teacher university degree or diploma program. Education Qualifications Policy (2015) provides guidelines for initial teacher education with two training options. Teachers may complete a 4- year Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) degree, or Yes Yes complete an appropriate first degree, followed South Africa (9 weeks per No No (6 months) by a 1-year Advanced Diploma in Education, and academic year) register with the South African Council for Educators. This policy replaces the MRTEQP of 2011 and aligns qualifications for teacher education with the Higher Education Qualifications Sub-Framework (2013). Teachers receive their education through a Since 2011 teachers must apply for a certificate university teacher program. Yes from the Swedish National Agency for Sweden Yes No No (20 weeks) Education, which is necessary to obtain permanent employment and to grade students.

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Current Requirements

Teachers are required to have a degree in Teachers must apply for a teaching license after education from a university or teacher college Yes completion of a bachelor's degree in education Thailand No No No and a teaching license which must be renewed (1 year) since 2003. every five years. Teachers receive their education through a Beginning in 2015, if novice teachers Yes university program. Yes successfully pass a probationary teaching Turkey (1 school day Yes Yes (1 year) period, they must pass an additional per week) examination to become a full teacher. The main preparation for teachers is through A minimum score of 6 on the International colleges of education. Yes English Language Testing System (IELTS) United Arab Emirates No No No

(2 years) academic examination became a prerequisite for SOURCE: IEA's Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study – TIMSS 2015 teaching English at Grade 8. Most teachers receive their education through a No change in policy university degree program in education; candidates with degrees in other areas may become certified to teach through an alternative teacher certification program. Typically, state licensing boards grant credentials to teachers, with recertification after a set period of time. Yes Yes United States Yes Yes The probationary period varies among states. (varies by state) (varies by state) Many require a 2-year probationary period, with a 3rd year at the discretion of the tenure- awarding body. For licensure in most states middle school teachers are expected to pass three exams on basic skills, the subject taught, and teaching methods.

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Current Requirements

Benchmarking Participants—Responses Pertain to Benchmarking Provinces/Emirates/States Most teachers receive their education through a Yes In 2009, the length of teacher preparation Buenos Aires, Argentina No No No tertiary degree program. (28 weeks) programs was extended from 3 to 4 years. The main preparation route is through an Upon completion of the B.Ed. degree, undergraduate university degree from an prospective teachers join and obtain their accredited post-secondary institution, followed Certificate of Qualification from the Ontario Yes by the completion of a 1-year program offered College of Teachers (OCT). Grade 8 qualified for (40 days. In by a Faculty of Education leading to a Bachelor Junior/Intermediate (4–10) or Ontario, Canada 2015/2016 2- No No Yes of Education degree. Some post-secondary Intermediate/Senior (Grade 7–12). year program institutions offer a concurrent degree program. will be 80 days) SOURCE: IEA's Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study – TIMSS 2015 The government is implementing a two-year initial teacher education program starting in fall 2015/2016. Eighth grade teachers receive their education Yes Most of the school boards offer accompanying through a 4-year university program, usually (4 practicums, measures to facilitate the integration of young specializing in 1–2 subjects. with the 4th teachers into the world of work. Quebec, Canada No No No practicum lasting 3 months) All teachers must have a teaching license from No change in policy their home country. The main preparation for Yes Yes Abu Dhabi, UAE No No teachers in the UAE is to go through colleges of (1 year) (6 months) education. Teachers must have a university degree. Yes Preparation now has a more rigorous approach. Dubai, UAE No No No (2 years) There are two main preparation routes for Grade No change in policy 8 teachers in Florida. The first route is to receive a bachelor's or higher degree with a major in a Yes Yes Florida, US subject area or education. The second route is to (at least 10 Yes Yes (2 years) receive a bachelor's or higher degree with 18 weeks) semester hours in science/English/social sciences, depending on the area of teaching.

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