27
o~ .... W . I I ••, .... ,...... ,/ ./ r ll. al,. ...a ...... 11 .. p .. " le lr." .It. pep .. la",. w ltlt 10'. to,. ... de .. ., ./ r io. M .. ,.fI .... '·,"u.. .. ,.. ".··
Cnrm. hnmlet.turnpike. knoll, SWIUIlI) and creek in the terruin which the ]I, III rtilln monsters swept over; christened every ('011 lind vi lluge lOllfer TDffE IDBS'lrUlIllBBNG LIlFE who got. mixed ull;n the 'lr0 DIB1fE- interplunctnry tlupleas lint ness. OF ORSON WELLES It. was this change or pllCt'l from the purl icular to the cOfll\lic thnt pnra lPJy lyzed the rellsonin).:' l)()weNi of his Iistcncrs . .I/J/LV.I/J JlOH NSTON The ilCasoning or Ii t tie (lIeul of googml>hy lind <11JIl!JqjJ pC~IlI.1 identity clIuMlCI the Welles public 10 swnllow his wildest. air FlRJEJD SMIl1{]}ff I!urd it ies. 'I'he" specific ity of deLail" is emplul- sized 1\8 nn iml>ortllut. ruetor ill the punic in 'I'he [nvllsiOIl or Mnr till li S. 1\ book to bo Iluh n E most puzzled I>copio in the United Ji ahed eurly in 1040 by Stales all SUlldtty night, Ootober 30. 1)r. li ndley CU lllril. T 1938, woro the trnlli<: Ilolic.;mcil or New IIfjSistllnL profesilOr of .Jersey. T herc wore plcHty of rrightell cd I)sychology I\t Prince ci tizens in America Itt. tlml. time. but the lOTI Ulliversil,y. 'I'his most confused onos we re the motorcycle 001)8 work, in whi('h Doctor on lhe highwn.ys betwoon No\\' Yorli nud Cantril WIIS ussil!ted by Philadelphia. At. ubou~ 8:15 or 8:20 1' ,)1. Dr. Pllul P. 1..!Ii'Ju·sreld. most or the trnftic over those ronds suddenly Dr . •"rllnk N. S tan Ion went. wild. lind others, WM fhuulC'cd Hundreds or automobiles begun to flush by the Oeneml .. :duclI :tlong at 81>00<1.8 which normully indicnte lion Board ot the Hoeke gangsters iClwing sconCl!! or uSSft.'l.Sination. feller J.~ound atioll. which But thero were fllmily parties in most of the made t\ gnult ot S3000 curs: the women and childrell couldn't, 1111 be tor the study or the epi gun molls lind uhild nlCketCf!rs. " 'hen 1\ lIOde beenuiIC or iLi rich- motorcycle mnn tried to overhaul ono speed. 11088 in 1Il11S8 1>sy('hoIOlty. ing aulo, he ""liS passed by two or three • Doctor CRlltril d e- others. 'I'he stampede WM in nil directions. scribed lhe Welles IIp Nobody would s101) ror n policeman'S hail. roar us "the first mod Now und then, 11 trllmo mun "'ould cntch an inco I>oison gUll und death rnys. Others t1lOught it " '1lS ern ptllllC tlUlt 11M been studied with the ~lIreh herent. shout. that. t.here WIUllln '·invu.siO Il" or thnt merely the world cO llling to nn undo liS l>er schedule. tools now nvnilnble to the fIO(!illlsc;entist." "the world was coming to nn end." Olhers identiflod tho invnders ns Oermnns; still The boy wonder Illwn ys moves in showers of fi~ T here were puzzled I>olicemen in stll t ion houses a ll others. as Jll llnnese. Princeton Hoc iologists. who in works, hut he WIIS du.zzlod by his own success in the over the COlin try,llS dellULnd s Cli me over the telephone terviewed victim s of the punic in the intcr6l;ui or Martiun broadclist. lie U(lpn.rently hlld hlld no ex for gtUl mas ks lIud informnl;OTlIt.S to the surCiit places science. found ono mn.n who hnd thought the iJl pootlltion his little H I~lIoweell enlCrtllinment. would to hide trom the enemy. The second lllost puz1Jed vaders were Chineso. cuuse pt)C)ple to tuke to the hills in nutomobiles loaded groU ll were the swilchbollNl operntors. J1S the tel& with cnllned goods. 'I'he I)remier illfl\llt prodigy hnd phones suddenly went. cruzy lUld ~nn to rave d& Scaring a Nation 110 idea or becoming America'slendulg en/lUll tor£ble. !iriously. Next. Clu ne the clergy; priest.!! ,,'ere starlled It is 'Welles' cus tom to hnve the originul script of by the rush to get. confessions under the wire, and n E: wonder boy hnd broken loose again. Orson his radio shows rehenrsed by ot hers lind retorded Protestant. minis ters astonished at the intemlptioll T Welles. the child wil'.nrd , had hud IlIlother brnin phonogrnphienUy. IIQ that, lUI he I)\lts it •• , • ('an hear or their sermons by demands for pruyers to a vert the s torm. 'I'his time the bil'.arre bnltling had gone in tor it rresh aloud." Getling it. "fresh aloud." he can impending doom or the world. f'Ollrth in the order popular science. JUter havi ng I-I arlemized and gUllg grasp the merits und defect.e or a script better thnn of puzzlement mllY well have been hospital :Humd sterized Shukespeare. he hud decided to put Orson by reading it. Arter listening to the recorded version. ants who wefC cnlled on to hlmdle the nen'olls wrecks Welles effects into the IIQlur system. The twenty WeUes revises the script. Betore he hnd hoord the and ralling-
f}{f(})W "J{(}) lRt1llI~lE ./J!l Cf}{fIIILlJ))
The technician s:dd: " No human in utility demanding a blackout. A Pills PrilL(.'e ton inquirers, laid tho blame 011 terest. " ' here's the love iuwro"t?" burgh woman tried to drink poison, sex im broglio.'!. Qlle ulliversi.ty &>eiolo It. WIIS luminously self-evident. that. &lyillg, .. I'd ru.ther die this wny than gist Slid the explanation wus that. all the plot wa:! short of love interCl!t. The like that." A linotyper of Selma. the intelligcnt j)(JOplo of the country oilly aetion ..... n:! thut the armor-plated Louisiallu, running in Iho dark. caught were li stening to C lm.rlie 1\}cClirthy. f:\ uperdevils from tht) red phUlct exter his chin under 1\ neighbor's clothesline Hitler nnd tho Nazi pre;;s tmced the minated an but three or four earth in and thought he was hit by n. de:\th ray. uproar to the naIve contcnts of the hubiumts and then died of colds in tho A 1\lobile wo mUlI, b.-etting the news Amcrictl.n mind. heud. because the armor, though pro on returning from the Greilter Mobile Orson Welles has a proround theory. tecting them against machine gUllii and GuJr Coast ~' uir, SAid to her husbund, The most terrifying thing, he says, is cannons, didn·t. keel) out. germs. The .' I had n. premonition that we should suddenly becoming aware lI,at. you routine method or introduci ng the boy have gone to church in!>tead of the arc not alone. In this cuse, the earth. meets-girl angle would be to cause ),'Ir. fair. " A colored woman, later inter thinking itselr alone. suddcnly became America to murry the Queen of ~ I ars viewed by tho Princeton sociologists. aware that Ilnother planet WJlS prowl nnd spend tho hOlley moon 011 Vcnu~, recalled that. there was half 1\ chicken ing Mou nd. We ll es hus another the but Welles hilS too much artistic con left in tho icebox. und said." We might orY-lIamely, that the lust two genera science tor such n. compromise. I-Ie as well ellt it now. because we won't be tions lire softened up becnuse they ugreed " 'ith the techniciall, however, here in the morning." The statT or the were deprived in their childhood, that the pieoe WB$ dun. :\ Iemphis Press-Scimitar rushed to the through mistnken theories of educa tion, AJbert Schneider, business manager office to get out an extm. Misled by of the tales of blood and horror which for Welles, predicted that. the young neon lights in the distance nnd by the used to be a purt.or the routine trninillg maestro would hurt the prestige of his 'gasoline-uncl-rubber fumes on the high of the young. Under the old system, Mercury Theater and of the Columbia ways. many rililidents of New J ersey according to Welles. the child felt. at Broadcasting System by putting such claimed to II/wo seen lind smelled .the home nmong ghosts and goblins. a nd insi pidities 011 the air; Schneider luter l\ lartians, who were supposed to have did not grow up to be It pllsh-over for showed the courage of his convictions landed Ilear Princeton. A man ran into sens:nionlll canards. tiut the ban 011 by going to sleep during the SUliday the Press Club lit Princeton University gruesome fa iry u\les. terrifying nurse night broadcast. Welles was gloomy SAying that he had seen the l\'lnrtian maids and other standard sources of about it all. lI ad time permitted, he space ship explode and had observed horror hus lett. most. of the I>opuiatioll would probably have discllrded the animals jumping from it. The town of without :IllY protection nguinst fee-fi Martian invusion in ravor or something Concrete, Washington, got n. double fo-rum stu IT. lively. While revising the script., it 0c dose of terror, as the local J)Ower-und curred to him t.hut. the broadctult would light 1)ll\nt. broke down just. Ill! Orson The First Citizen o f Mars FOR lake Illaee on the night. beforo Hal Welles was snying that the I>oisoll gas loween. Seizing on this as a pretext. to was choking him. Welles hud nearly fini shed tho broad CUTS excuse the M artiUD hocus-pocus, he Amollg those inten'iewoo for the cast I ~ rore ho detected thut something wrote nn epilogue SAying that the broud Princeton treatise on mass psychology was wrong. Through n glass ]lllrtition cast was the 1\ !ercury Theater's way of was a womnll who refused to be re in the studio he observed tho elltrnnce " dressing up ill a sheet. and jumping IlSSUred by her husblllld. When he of severnl 1>oIicemen, nnd he ll iso no out the window UJld saying 'Doo."· demonstmtcd tlmt. jazz bands were ticed ull wonted activit.y I\t a bllt.tery 'I'he question whether Welles intended broudcl\sting from other stutioIl8,'slu.' of telephones. to scare people may eventuaJly be de retorted, " Nero fiddled while Rome As soon as t.he broadClUlt. was ovm', cided by juries. I.... '\wsuit-s have been was bunling." A Je""ish woman who 8ttendiUlis hurried over LO inform him flied by persons who cluim to have boon had previously come to reel that aU that there were long-distance calls for hurt. during the Martian reign of ter catastrollhcs were aimed at the Jews, him. . ror. The strongest. part. or the defcnse is told the scientific workers lhnt she hud The first. message " ' IlS Il threat or that. the brondcllSt was announced ill felt a sense of relief on learning that the del\th from a chamber-ot-commeree the radio columns of newspapers as n. Martinns wero mowing down their official or ~'li llt , Michigun. who asserted dramatization or lhe H. O. Well lJ novel victims without. rcgard to mceor crood. that the J>o puintioli of ~' lint hnd been lind tlun, this was explained at the be. Oue wo mlln rej>orted thut through the scn\,\A.lred fa r and wide und that it. ginning, in the middle and at. the end of blackest. moments she kept. saying to would u\ke dnys to reassemble it. The the performance. herself, " Well , IInyway, I won't. have next mCS!>llge gnve statistics on the to pay the butcher bilL" A Oerrnl\ll broken tibias and fibulus of Westen! CharU. McCarthy', Dual Rot. family, picking up a few things and PennsylvJlnia. Hundreds or dollars starting to rUII. bad its plans disorgau were paid LO the A. 1'. & T. that night The dial-twiddling habit was ~ ized whell one of the children rtln baek for the privileb"6 of swearing at Welles. th_ .nllseplic ,hat's u",,,.,,I1,,. I. sponsiblo for most of the trouble. 'I'he into tho house to rescue l~ CIUUlry. A One tclellhoncr cnlled Welles, .. YOII a bu,." r~",t'dJ-the burn remedy majority or listeners tuned in Inte nnd working girl, who l\ltd Sl.lved ti ll $3.25 beauty," but. nOllo or the others I>nrn. thai's an Im/ iut/ie! II g i" es olle·/wo missed the announcement that. the toward a pair or shoes, s l~lIt it on a. phrased the clnim that. he WIlS born out. broadcast was fiction. Charlie ,Mc railroad ticket IHld tr.l veled sixty miles of wedlock. The thing grew serious as t h,.lft' relief in the modern manner: Carthy was both the hero aud the vil before she leamed that. it wall only an thedeuth toll mounted. Itw8snro\lnd •. " 1;..,.,./". · ,.. r a h ydrHI,. ••• 1I. ltla , ,,. luin. By his nenr monopoly of the nir Orson Welles holiday. The leM t. fright. twenty at ten 1'.M.Later research in ' eetlo.. Wilholu stinHing or it~ining at this hour, he IIllved tens or millions ened listener WI\S 1\11"8. H. V. Knlten dicated that there had boon 1I0fil talities, Ihe skin. trom the Welles rrightrulness. He is bom, who knew, she said. that if any but at the timo \\'elles re,,'l.lroed him tbe vilJain, however, becnuse he held thing big were really hapj~lling, her seU liS n mnss murderer. Bll t whether a . II I ...... th'''••• ,. •• ,lta tlci q uicklrhclps the dial twiddlers with his wisoomcks husbuJld would be on the uir inter n. wholeSllle killer or not. he hnd to get rel.ieve the pain or an injury. until aJ'ter the rivll l net.work hlld intro preting it.. to the Mercury Thellter to direct a S. n . ,.,.. '" come.ct, and pro duced the 1\1arl ian invasion as an 1-1 . O. After \\' elles hlld st.·uted the stam dress rcheursal orTheShoomnker's lloli motes healing, usually Wetis fantasy; t hen, yielding the micro pede, VII-riOIlS factors hell>ed it along. dllY. 'I' ho inrRllt prodigy hRS always withOUI a scar. phone to flingers, Charlie released the Mobs love panics. Persolls que8tiolled had the ability to abolish instantly all dial twiddlors to tune in on the eye in the scientific survey confessed that subjects except the one he is COllceD B . Ma.a,,,' 8 . Pr. ,.. r • •11 witness picture of world destruction 1\ 011. AI ...,. kup • cube of IOOIh'''1I they " derived certain SRtisfaction or tr.lting For three or four hours, IlIIinp!ic Un ... cncioa In ,h. without having advance notice thnt it pleasure" from their terror. Another while he wns drilling his CRSt.. he was kitchen, ;ntell.,lly r tldy t ..... cull all came under the head or entertain factor was the news-bearer instinct. A unconscious or everything else; 011 or b ...ns •••• nOlht. in che cool ment. professional nobody enjoys the mo ",'alking out to take a smoke, ho was compar,m.'" or 10'" Clr •.. and Aceording to the Gallup poll. 9,000.- mentary illusion or being n somebody surprised to see his llIune in bright. .11 d l.;mpOnlolchi,d '"M-''' 000 people heard aU or part. of the when he is first with the news. I-Iard lights racing Rround the bulletin board u. .~.iull ;'r . .. in ,h. Martian broadcast; according to the r• ..,i., medid... nbinft. cued nonentities never had such a which girdles The New York Times estimate of the Princeton sociologist«. chance of gaining temporary impor Building. Welles mentioned this 011 re T"IH j()f. approximately 1.750.000 J>OO llle were tance aa ill spreading the tidings that Jur $1. turning to the thealer: somebody said frightened. At allY rate, while Welles lhe world was coming to EUI end. Some he was crazy. Re sighed and continued was grinding away at what. he ap commentntors thought that Welles hud "\\'ith the rehearsal. which wellt on until parently considered un intolerably dull merely exploded lalent hysteria over three or four ..... M. 'rhe no,'(t dn.y he routino. strange thing, were happening the European fJituation. Republica n apologized Rnd explninod nil day long. uround the country, samples of which philosophers foulld that. the pa:.!d re The chief victim of the panic is are as follows: sulted from national jitters cau by Welles himselt. He is bmnded tor life Public-spirited citizens of Provideuce, the epileptic policies of the Kew Deal. as the Mars mnll. P eople beardowlJ on Rhode Island, teJel)honed to the local A psychoanalyst, who gave his views to ( c ... " ...... , 0 .. Po•• 40)
• 40 THE SJlTURDAY EVENING POST
or the world put to Welles plMded thnt he \\'as interested· make--believe tlilln most old-timers of gether. llnd ordinarily in other things. but. finally yielded to the thenter. Stnrting Il.8 a t.wo-yeur the most fantastic of an incredible bid. Hollywood ..... anted old Belasco manuging cardboard them attracts no at him because his Broadway 11rodu6- actors, his subsequcnt. twellty·t.\\·o tentioll. bllt the Welles tions, both the hits and the failures, years have been mainly devoted to contract hM caused 8. been marked by boldness, origi· the study and practice of showman (urious war of words. superlative crartsmanship. ship. I-Ie virtunlly turned his prep I t provides thnt he policy was easy for school into a repertory theater. After should write. produce. ow, because he had d&> stock-complluy eX I>erience in Dublin direct and act ill the . not. to go to at. sixteen Ilnd ro.'ld-show eXI>erien No olle ill Iluthority stroyed it.. Sollie radio stars regard over Weltes 11M the olle perrorlllllnce a week as an intolor ( C Olltl n ... d , ... ", P ,.•• 38) right to see the work until it is com , able chore : \Velles hus d one liS many ItS him like tell thOllsnnd Ancient Mari pletoo. a l>ostponcmcnt I.wenty-five a. w(l(!k in his spure time be ners on one wedding guest. and hold This would seem to concern only :a. thriller \\'ith t \\'een producing. directing I\lld seen&> him while he listens to their Martian Welles and thepicturecompnny. but that The Smiler Wit.h Knife. desil.,.. ning Broudwny shows. stories. He cnn detect 1\ glitter in the is not the way H oll,Y'l"ood sees it. There Welles is the head boss and thegroon eye of every strallgcr: from the nature it is everybody's business. 'rheidcn that hand ill his unit.at. the RKO studio. In Radio Flyin.g Squadron of the glit.ter. he can figure to the split such a contract should have gone to his capacity of new boy he s l>ends his second how long it will be before the a. twenty-(our-ycllf-old clLrpct,..oogger evenings studying picture technique: Welles WIl.8 t.wenty when. ill 1935. he stranger comes over and opens a Mar s tarted on his radio career by ItJlpear· linn conversation. Welles sees on noo.rly ing on the March of Time with a COli· everybody a burning time fuse which densed version of PIUlic. a Illay ill at. & given moment is going to burst whic h he had aoted on Broadway. He into a :Martian epigram or question. grudulllly becnme a member of a select. He is Il pathetic figure today. group of anonymous radio artists who Out. in Hollywood there are four shuttle nbollt. from station to station. time fuses burning on nearly every tllking part. in many progmms e\'ery body Welles sees. The first lends u» to d ay. Crabbing every assignment. that. Mars: the second, to why he weurs a. he could get :\t. fees rnlll.,oing from forty beard: the third, to how he landed the dollnrs to seventy-five dollars an ap... most extmordinary contmct. in Holly peurance. Welles wus earning around wood; the fourth, to how he comes to 51000 It week within !~ yenr after his be only twenty-four yanrs old. No d ebut. It is ollly by intensified chisel· other newcomer's nrrivnl in Holl ywood ing und corner-cutting thut. the mem ever caused IK) much indig nation ns bers of this fl y ing S(IUadron cu n get Welles'. It is diNicult to understand through their I)rogrnms: the hardest. why. His benrd is cOlisidcrod lUI in 1111rt. of their existence is t1mt of think tolerable provocat ion, although Holly ing up alibis for failing to Itppear i1t. wood is the whisker capilnl of the nn.. rehearsals and conferences when their lion. with its assortment. of Vandykes. d Rily schedules nre full of conflicts. Burnsides, Dundrearys, Pi(.'Cadilly Becnuse of the pressure of this life. weel>ers nnd I-louse of Davids, which Orson frequently looked at his seript ac tors are Illwnys growing for l>eriod for the first. time after the show had roles. Ordinarily, n mlUI could walk started. I-Ie didn't know whother he down the stroot. carrying his head in wns a hero or I~ villain until he found his hlll1(\, or drive a chariot. drawn by himself enir.1ged in good or evil deeds: a gnu and an okapi, withou t. attrncting 011 IIOme OCCtlSiOIlS, when he \\' US shot M ,.,.,.f '". cl,la."1 .f MUll, N . J •• ,..f '". attention in the stunt-6nted cineml\ C,..".,.. fl." ,,, t.,. ... or drowned, it. clime ns a bi~,..ger sur· M .. ,.U.. "I, lot" W I III.. m D.e" . us, .....1 ,.... d" '.1.11 II I. Uf. d ... ,.I,_ colony. But the picture people take prise to him than to the audience. In Orson's benrd personally. Most of the a. way. this is the idenl techn.ique for columnists have foomed at. the mouth with a beard is considered n menll(''(! to ill his cllpacity of big chief he sl>ends mystery shows: ir the :tetor doesn't. nbout. it. I t. worked on the feelings of the public welfure. The thing has 1* his dllYs directing his night-school know what is going to h!tppeo to him. the ellsY-b"Oing Big Boy Williams to come a branch of Cal if oruia 's migra tory teachers. This is nil in chamcter. F'rom it ought to be d illic ult for the audienee such an extent. that he took out. 1\ knife worker problem; WeUes nnd tho actors his eurliest inflillt-prodigy days Orson to predict it. and cut ofT Welles' necktie in Chnsen's he hns iml>orted from his l\lercury has always lectured tenchers alld in When he slarted rehearsals ror the restauI"I\nt. Theater in New York are lookod 011 us structed sl>eeialists ill their speciliities. Negro version of l\ lacbeth. eUrly in 8. lot. of gilded okies. One einemn..-tmde For hjs6CCoud film, Welles wanted 10 1936, Welles wus broad casting 01T lllLd Th. B.ard of th. Proph.t paper inquired 011 its fronlreover pugc. mnke Pic kwick with W. C. Fields. but ( c ... "" ... d." P .... 45} CA." 11' Ilt~ 1'lIt~ Bt; Alm7 It reviewed that grent actor was Somewhut more understandable is the rather imposillg list of Welles' under contract else- the biLter resentmcnt. at the fact. thllt Broadway failures: then, by the simple where to pillY the part Welles Ims lhe nerve to be ouly t...... enly device of clnssilying nIl the Welles of Dickens' Lhrice (our yeurs old. 1I 01l Yl"ood lOOny is 1\ successes us failuretl, it. guvo him 1111 J:"orgeous obi ruddy- ' sort of Old Infaut. Prodigies' I-lome. urtistic rating of zero and criod out thut. duddy. Welles (ound During its first. t.wo dccndes. the pie sueh things us the Welles COli tmct were himself eut.husiastic ture busineSll was rich ill child colos not. to be borne. Columnists o l>ened I\bout. lIollywood. suses. Thalberg wns tremendous be fire 00 Welles for everytlting that. he When n New York fore he was old enough to vote, and did. Li e was simultaneously attacked friondnsked him about. i'..anuck WIUI terrific at t ..... enty-five. BII t for being a recluse lind a 1>layboy. IiTld it at the RKO studio. the growing complexity of the business was chllrged wilh sTlubbing Shirley Welles pointed to the hll.8 mnde it. more difficult for baby Temple. wilderness of cameras. genius to forge ahead. Da.vid SeJz.nick It was vain for him to protest. that lights. sound appa and Pandro Bermnn were around he was growing a beard tor the pur ratus and otherengioes thirt.y before they WOIl the infant pose of playing a. !)llrt which required of tho taJkies. prodi~..·y rating. It. is in the lIature of a beard: the overwhelming sentiment '- I t's the greatest things that the supernnnulltod infant. was that the beard was a deliberate railroad train a boy prodigies and their cohorts should dis act of aggiEssion. • ever hnd," he said. approve of IL fresh young infant prodigy. \\" elles' e.'(lraordinary contrnet WIl.8 a The paradox ubou t. Welles' youth migbt. h:a.ve been con triumph or the policy of being hard to Welles is t.hat. al d oned if it had not. been for his ex· get. Hollywood started nfter him tour though ouly t.wenty W .II.6 ...... m l,.. 1 a •• " ·.' ~ .~~'.~"w ; N •• ,., .f D""""ol• . I,. add'U.,. ,. bol". "III., years ago with ail ofTer of $300 '" week. trnordinnry picture contract. Probably four yeurs old, he has I " .,,'e .. ,.t l d. II . II allo t il. P,.OP.,." me". N. more sere..... bllll eontrncts have been It gradually raised the bid until it was hnd a greuter experi written ill Hollywood than in the rest. about thirty times the original ofTer. ence in the world of
, , • THE SaTURDAY EVENINC POST 45
(C."t/"".d f ,.m Pal. 40) doc:tor. "Give 'im beri-beri.'· Voodoo wingers of the ,,' PA turned out to be to 148.5. including the fall of chivalry Oil from ten A.M. unlil nearly midnight. prestige soared when. a few dnys hIler. a lot of stutTed shirls under the skill. and t he rise of the commoners. 'I'he He could not stnr·t rehearsals for 1\