PhD Agnieszka Orzeł, PhD Katarzyna Król-Dyrek Niwa Berry Breeding Ltd. Brzezna 565, 33-386 Podegrodzie, Poland [email protected], www.niwabrzezna.pl • LOCATION: Brzezna 565, 33-386 Podegrodzie, Poland • Strawberry breeding: PhD Jan Danek, Joanna Jagla • Raspberry, Blackberry, Black Raspberry: PhD Agnieszka Orzeł, • Blueberry, Black raspberry: PhD Katarzyna Król • Honeysuckle/Lonicera: PhD Katarzyna Król • In vitro laboratory: Joanna Jagła Author: Agnieszka Orzel, Jan Danek, Owner: Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland.

’LITACZ’ ’RADZIEJOWA’

’SOKOLICA’ ’PRZEHYBA’ ’PRZEHYBA’ Author: Agnieszka Orzel, Jan Danek, Owner: Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland.

’POLONEZ’ ’POEMAT’ Author: Agnieszka Orzel, Owner: Niwa Berry Breeding Ltd., Poland. ’DELNIWA’ EU PVR /2018 Early primocane (14 days before Polka) Low leachate High IQF SS 11[⁰Brix] Bright red colour not darkening after storage Good shelf life „Primocane cultivar of raspberry and blackberry useful for mechanical harvesting in the project: "Development of new varieties of berry plants (raspberry, strawberry, blackberry) for processing with increased biological and functional value, including reduced susceptibility to diseases and pests, with features of high profitability (including machine harvesting raspberry and blackberry fruit). This program is funded by the National Centre for Research and Development in the years 2016-2023 under the Operational Program Intelligent R139901 R1427501 Development 2014-2020. Rubus L. (Rosaceae)

Rubus idaeus L. Purple raspberry Red raspberry Yellow raspberry

(Rubus neglectus Peck ). (Rubus idaeus vulgatus Arrhen.), Black raspberry (Rubus idaeus strigosus)

Blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus) (Rubus occidentalis L. ). Primocanes R161803- thornless R163302- thornless R163306- thornless R164701- thornless R164702 R155601 Floricanes- 36 clones under evaluation Breeding new varieties of honeysucle adapted to the Polish climatic conditions, dessert fruits and/or processing, taking into account their high pro-health value and development of a simplified production technology. L121302 Brix 15,5 [⁰Brix] • This research is funded by the National Centre for Research and Development in the project: "Obtaining new varieties of black raspberries in the process of creative breeding and development of technology for targeted production fruit ". • The project goal is: - to popularize the cultivation of black raspberry - to release new varieties suitable for growing in Polish climatic conditions • commonly called ‘‘black cap’’ • first domesticated in the 1830s. • member of the Rosaceae, it is diploid (2n = 2x = 14) • native to eastern North America • Rubus occidentalis, • Rubus leucodermis • Rubus coreanus (Asia) ’Jewel’ ’Bristol’ ’Litacz’ Jewel, Mc Black, Cumberland, Bristol, Litacz, Niwot The basic barriers of introduction of black raspberries on the market are:

• Lack of varieties suitable for machine harvesting, • low resistance to winter frost • high production costs, • susceptibility to diseases and pests, • low marketability of fruit desserts • small suitability for processing The reason for the short vitality of the black raspberry plantation are: - the viruses of aphid vectors, in particular • Black Raspberry Necrose Virus BRNV

(Leaf Identification, Characterization, and Detection of Black raspberry Amphorophora idaei necrosis virus. Halgren A. i in. PHYTOPATHOLOGY. Vol. 97, No. 1, 2007: 44-50) A. agathonica No varieties with aphid resistance Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus - spread by pollen Development of marker assisted selection (MAS) to RBDV resistance

Our main range of research is development of marker assisted selection (MAS) to RBDV resistance. We have tested markers established already and described in literature for checking our germplasm. We didn’t find any clear evidence for co-segregation of the BC_Alu (BC615_533_Alul) marker with phenotype of resistance. Bristol x self pollination

Bristol’s pollen Bristol x open pollination tube growth The size of the crop depens on proper pollination course . The high anthocyanin content of black raspberry and associated health benefits have revived interest in production and breeding new cultivars. 10 factors that we should consider when promoting fruits: 1. HEALTH 2. AGING WELL 3. PLANT-BASED DIET 4. EASE 5. SNACKING 6. COLOUR 7. KIDS 8. BEVERAGES 9. FLAVOR 10. FARM According to Alison Beadle from the National Processed Raspberry Council and her presentation in the North Raspberry and Raspberry Conference, 21-24.02, 2018, Ventura, California : ” Consumer Trends: Ripe for Berries”. Ascorbic acid Species Variety Antocyanins* mg/100 g dry Polyphenols** DPPH*** FRAP**** weight Blackberry LOCH NESS 147,7 193,2 1,71 95,36 3,36 Yellow PORANNA 0,20 204,0 0,89 47,38 2,34 raspberry ROSA Black JEWEL 440,4 177,6 2,16 56,48 6,10 raspberry Purple NR 139501 297,3 254,1 1,42 81,19 3,84 raspberry POEMAT 74,1 220,2 1,15 60,08 2,54 Red POLANA 95,9 180,3 0,85 41,62 2,07 raspberry DELNIWA 43,9 155,3 1,01 55,35 2,06 *(eqivalent cyanidin-3 glucoside mg/l) **(g of gallic acid /100 g dry weight), *** equivalent mmoli trolox/100 g dy weight ,**** mmol Fe2+/100 g dry weight, (Made by dr Mirosław Krośniak UJ http://www.uj.edu.pl Wydział Farmaceutyczny http://www.farmacja.cm.uj.edu.pl/start, Jagiellonian University ,Collegium Medicum http://www.cm.uj.edu.pl, Station of Bromatology, Grant funded by NCBiR: POIR.01.01-00-0073/16. • Studies outline its high anthocyanin and ellagitannin content and significance for human health. • Interaction between chemical composition and pharmacological activity, mechanisms of action at cellular and molecular levels are all active areas of study. • The vast majority of research concerning black raspberries is focused on chemoprevention and anticancer effects. • Black raspberry has been confirmed against human colon cancer, prostate cancer, and colorectal cancer.

Ekstract Powder Tablets Lyophilisate Commercial % of fruit for Variety yield per one the dessert Fruit weight [g] plant [g] market Haut 910 63 1,6-1,9 Jewel 915 55 2,1-2,7

Mac Black 865 70 1,5-2,4

Bristol 1226 73 1,4-1,7 Munger 283 60 1,2-1,7

New York fruit quarterly. 2007. 15/4: 20 - relatively low-yielding - short harvest season - not economically justify tunnel use with this crop

High Tunnel Raspberries and Blackberries http://www.hort.cornell.edu/fruit/pdfs/high-tunnel-brambles.pdf Commercial yield [g] 500 400 300 200 100 0 Litacz Bristol Huron Haut Mac Jewel Black Evaluation of six black raspberry cultivars. 2012. https://horticulture.ahdb.org.uk/sites/default/files/research_papers/SF%2093%20Final%20report%202012.pdf Fruit weight [g] 4

2

0 Litacz Bristol Huron Haut Mac Black Jewel

Evaluation of six black raspberry cultivars. 2012. https://horticulture.ahdb.org.uk/sites/default/files/research_papers/SF%2093%20Final%20report%202012.pdf Action points for growers

Whether the black raspberry varieties have commercial prospects will depend on customer perception.

Those retailers who sampled the fruit felt the quality was not good enough to justyfy large plantations

Mac Black and Jewel stand out as the two most promising varieties.

Evaluation of six black raspberry cultivars. 2012. https://horticulture.ahdb.org.uk/sites/default/files/research_papers/SF%2093%20Final%20report%202012.pdf • Primocane thornless fruiting • Better efficiency of machine harvest (harvest concentration about 5 weeks) • Higher yielding and average fruit weight: 1.9-2 kg / plant; 1 fruit: 2-2.5 g.4, better fruit quality • Resistance or limited susceptibility to diseases and pests • Dessert and processing use of new releases • Primocane fruiting varieties, which will contribute to a significant simplification of production and reduction of costs, as was the case with red raspberry. • In the US, a primocane variety of black raspberry, Niwot ', has been bred . This variety is only for small gardening use. ’Niwot’ New release from Niwa’s black raspberry breeding program • Purple primocane raspberry NR139501 • „Black Polka” NR139501

Fruiting on the 1/3 part of primocane in the first year, on the floricanes in the second year (double cropping system) Yield/ Fruit Yield/ 1 primocane weight pot(g) (g) (g)

1382,3 345,6 3,1 New release from Niwa’s black raspberry breeding program

Titratable Variety SS (ͦBrix) pH acidity [%] JEWEL 13,7 0,6 4,2 NR 139501 10,0 1,3 3,8 Delniwa 11,0 1,7 3,6 New release from Niwa’s black raspberry breeding program

Variety Polyphenols* FRAP* DPPH***

JEWEL 2,16 4,31 67,32

NR 139501 1,42 1,75 76,58

Polka 1,01 2,06 55,35

*(g of gallic acid /100 g dry weight), ** equivalent mmoli trolox/100 g dy weight ,*** mmol Fe2+/100 g dry weight, (Made by dr Mirosław Krośniak UJ http://www.uj.edu.pl Wydział Farmaceutyczny http://www.farmacja.cm.uj.edu.pl/start, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum http://www.cm.uj.edu.pl, Station of Bromatology, Grant funded by NCBiR: POIR.01.01-00-0073/16. The high anthocyanin content of black raspberry and associated health benefits have revived interest in production and breeding new cultivars. 10 factors that we should consider when promoting fruits: 1. HEALTH 2. AGING WELL 3. PLANT-BASED DIET 4. EASE 5. SNACKING 6. COLOUR 7. KIDS 8. BEVERAGES 9. FLAVOR 10. FARM According to Alison Beadle from the National Processed Raspberry Council and her presentation in the North Raspberry and Raspberry Conference, 21-24.02, 2018, Ventura, California : ” Consumer Trends: Ripe for Berries”. ’DELNIWA’ ’R139501’ ’R136107’ The high anthocyanin content of black raspberry and associated health benefits have revived interest in production and breeding new cultivars. 10 factors that we should consider when promoting fruits: 1. HEALTH 2. AGING WELL 3. PLANT-BASED DIET 4. EASE 5. SNACKING 6. COLOUR 7. KIDS 8. BEVERAGES 9. FLAVOR 10. FARM According to Alison Beadle from the National Processed Raspberry Council and her presentation in the North Raspberry and Raspberry Conference, 21-24.02, 2018, Ventura, California : ” Consumer Trends: Ripe for Berries”. Conclusions Biological features of Rubus occidentalis cause that black raspberry will not replace the pink one but because of excellent fruit chemistry an healthy properties black raspberry should be included in everybody diet. It can be profitable crop provided that consumer appreciate the health benefits of fruit. Black raspberry : - Lower yielding - Smaller fruit - Lower processing efficiency Thank you for your attention ! PhD Agnieszka Orzeł Niwa Berry Breeding Ltd. Brzezna 565,33-386 Podegrodzie [email protected] www.niwabrzezna.pl