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Notes Du Mont Royal ← Notes du mont Royal www.notesdumontroyal.com 쐰 Cette œuvre est hébergée sur « No- tes du mont Royal » dans le cadre d’un exposé gratuit sur la littérature. SOURCE DES IMAGES Google Livres l SECONDE SÉRIE DE LA ë LATINE-1lBIBLIOTHÈQUE muni DEPUIS ADRIRN JUSQU’À GRÉGOIRB DE TOURb publiée PAR c. L. F. PANCKOUCKE un LA Limon n u IMPRIMERIE PANCKOUCKÈ. ru: des Poitevins. a. QOEUVRESV MACBOBE, TIA DDCTION NOUVELLE PAR MM. HENRI DESCAMPS N. A. DUBOIS, LAASS D’AGUEN A. UBICINI MARTELLI TOME DEUXIÈME V97 ÈARIS c. L. F. PANCKOUCKE, ËDITEUR, anmun DE L’ORDRE un", ne LA LÉGIOK Summum BUE DES POITEVINS, lb «846pp W LES SATURNALES LIVRES v, vu, vu TRADUCTION NOUVELLE PAR M. IIENRI DESCAMPS mn- unnunnnnuuunuuu .Amuunu.n-uuuuunnnnu u. .s- ne... "nu-nus MACROBII SATURNALIOBUM LIBEB QUINTU S. l. si non aliis , hoc cette px-æferendum esse ciceroni Virgilium , quad ille in uno lanlum , hic omnibus diccndi generibus excellucril. De quatuor gene- ribus dicendi , deque duplici slylo. Posr hæc quum paulisper Eusehius quievisset; onmes inter se consono murmure, Virgilium non minus orato- rem quam poetam habendum pronuntiabant; in quo et tante orandi disciplina, et tam diligens observatio rhe- toricæ artis ostenderetur. Et Avienus , Dicas mihi , inquit , volo, doctorum 0p- lime, si concedimus, sicuti necesse est , oratorem fuisse Virgilium, si quis nunc velit orandi artem consequi, utrum magis ex Virgilio an ex Cicerone proficiat? Video quid agas , inquit Eusebius , quid intendas quo me trahere coneris , eo scilicet quo minime vola, ad com- parationem Maronis et Tullii. Verecunde enim interro- gasti uter corum præstantior, quandoquidem necessario is plurimum collaturus sit, qui ipse plurimum præstat; sed istam mihi necessitatem altam et profundam remittas v volo : quia non nostrum inter illos tantas componerc lites; nec ausim in utramvis partem talis sententiæ allrtor mnsnsnan- thmlstl-hn a.anun.mnunmunnunnnumunnuassisnusuuunnuurl..l l . tlflllîx Llll,k1 LES SATUBNALES DE MACBOBE LIVRE CINQUIÈME. l. Virgile doit être préféré à Cicéron , sinon tous tous les rapports, du moins parce qu’il a brillé dans tous les genres d’éloquence , tandis que Cicéron n’a excellé que dans un seul. Des quatre genres d’éloquenre et des deux sortes de style. APRÈS ces paroles, Eusèbe se reposa un moment. Tous les assistants, d’un accord unanime, déclarèrent que Virgile devait être estimé autant comme orateur que comme poëte , lui qui se faisait remarquer par une si grande science de la parole et par un resPect si scru- puleux des principes de l’art oratoire. Alors Avienus , s’adressant à Eusèbe : Je voudrais sa- voir de vous , mon cher maître , dit-il , tout en vous accor- dant naturellement que Virgile est orateur, s’il y aurait , pour celui qui voudrait étudier l’art de la parole , plus de profit à retirer de Virgile que de Cicéron. le vois , dit Eusèbe , ce que vous voulez faire, ou vous allez , ou vous vous efforcez de m’entraîner, c’est-à-dire la où je voudrais le moins arriver, à la comparaison de Virgile et de Cicéron. Vous m’avez demandé habilement lequel des deux l’emportait, parce que celui-là serané- cessairement le plus utile qui l’emportera sur l’autre. Mais dispensez-moi , je vous prie, de cette tache si difficile et si épineuse , car il ne nous appartient pas de juger entre deux adversaires pareils d’aussi grands procès. Je n’ose- rais paraître avoir formulé un arrêt aussi redoutable soit ’îi & j SATURNALIORUM LIB. V. w t r rvideri; hoc solum audebo dixisse quia facundia Man- tuanil multiplex et multiformis est, et dicendi genus omne complcctitur; ecce enim in Cicerone vestro nous eloquentiæ tenor est ille abundans, et torrcns, et copiosus; oratorum autem non simplex nec una natura est: sed hic Huit et redundat; contra ille breviter et circumcise dicere affectait; tennis quidam et siccus et sobrius amat quam- dam dicendi frugalitatem; alius pingui et luculenta et florida orationc lascivit. In qua tanta omnium dissimi- litudine unus omnino Virgilius invenitur qui cloquen- tiam ex omni genere conflaverit. Respondit Avienus : Apertius vellem me bas diversi- tates sub personarum exemplis doceres. Quatuor sont, inquit Eusebius, genera dicendi : co- piosum , in quo Cicero dominatur; breve , in quo Salu- lustius regnat ; siccum , quod Froutoni adscribitur’ ; pingue et floridum, in quo Plinius Secundus quondam , et nunc nullo veterum minor noster Symmachus luxu- riatur. Sed apud unum Maronem bœc quatuor genera reperies. Vis audire illum tanta brevitate diceutem, ut arctari magis et contrahi brevitas ipsa non possit? Et campos ubi Troja fuit. (lin. lib. Il! , v. l.) Ecce paucissimis verbis maximam civitatem bausit et absorpsit : non reliquit illi nec ruiuam; vis hoc ipsum c0piosissime dicat? LES SATURNALES. LlV. V. 9 pour l’une , soit pour l’autre des deux parties. J’oserai dire seulement que l’éloquence du poète de Mantoue est variée , qu’elle prend toutes les formes, et qu’elle em- brasse l’art tout entier de la parole. Voyez cependant dans votre Cicéron; c’est un seul genre d’éloquence , mais comme il est abondant , entraînant et riche ! Chaque orateur a une nature à lui, nature composée et multiple. Celui-ci a un style qui coule et déborde; celui-là, au contraire, a l’habitude de s’exprimer avec brièveté et con- cision. L’un . exact et sobre, affectionne une sorte de frugalité oratoire; l’autre porte jusqu’à la licence l’élo- queuce plantureuse, éclatante et fleurie. Au milieu d’une si grande dissemblance entre tous ces orateurs, on ne trouve absolument que Virgile dont la veine se soit allu- mée à tous les genres d’éloquence. Je voudrais , répondit Avienus , que vous me montras- siez plus évidemment ces différences par des exemples tirés des auteurs. Il y a , dit Eusèbe , quatre genres d’éloquence : le genre abondant , dans lequel Cicéron est le maître; le genre concis , dans lequel Salluste est au premier rang ; le genre froid, qui est celui de Fronton; le genre luxuriant et fleuri, qui était autrefois le triomphe de Pline Second , et dans lequel maintenant notre Symmaque ne le cède à aucun des anciens. Mais c’est chez Virgile seul que vous retrouverez ces quatre genres. Voulez-vous l’entendre parler avec tant de brièveté , que la brièveté elle-même ne peut être ni plus resserrée ni plus condensée? a Et les champs où fut Troie. n Voilà comment , dans le moins de paroles possible , Virgile absorbe et fait disparaître l’une des plus grandes villes du monde. Il ne lui laisse même pas l’aspect de la I mine. Voulez-vous , dans le même sujet , l’entendre s’exprimer avec abondance P l0 . SATURNALIOBUM LlB. V. Venit summa dies et incluetabile fatum, Dardanidæ; fuimus Trocs, fuit llium , et ingcns Gloria Toucrorum. Forus omnia J upilcr Argos Transtulit ; incensa Danai dominantur in urbe. (Ain. lih. Il. v. au.) 0 patrie! o divum domus Ilium , et inclyta hello Mœnia Dardanidum! (En. lib. Il , v. Silo.) Quis cladem illius noctis , quis fanera fando Explicet Kant possit lacrymis æquare dolorem? Urbs antique ruit multos dominata pcr annos. un... lib. n. v. est.) Quis fous , quis torrens , quod marc tot fluctihus , quot hic verbis inundavit! Cedo nunc siccum ’illud genus clo- cutionis : Turnus ut antevolans tardum præcesserat agmcu Viginti lectis equitum comitatus, et urbi lmprovisus adest , maculis quem Thracius albis Portat equus , cristaque tegit galea aurea rubra. (En. lib. la . v. q.) Hoc idem quo cultu , quam florida oratione , quam li- buerit, profertur! Forte sucer Cybelæ Choreus olimque sacerdos , Insignis longe Phrygiis fulgebat in armis, Spumantemque agitabat equum , quem pellis aenis In plumam squamis aura conserta togebat. lpse peregrina ferrugine clams et ostro Spicula torquebat Lycio Cortynia cornu , Pictus acu tunicas et barbare. tegmina crurum. (En. un. x1.v. ne.) Sed hæcpquidem inter se separata sunt. Vis autem vi- dere quemadmodum hæc quatuor genera dicendi Virgilius ipse permisceat, et faciat unum quoddam ex omni diver- sitate pulcherrimum temperamentum? Sæpe etîam stériles incendere promit agros, Atque levem stipulam crepitantibus urere flammis. Sive inde occultas vires et pabula terræ Pinguia concipiunt , Sive illis’omne pet ignem Excoquitur vitium, atque exsudat inutilis humor I LES SATURNALES. LIV. V. , il a Il est venu, le dernier jour, et le destin irrésistible des en- fants de Dardanns; nous outres Troyens, nous sommes morts , llion n’est plus , ni la grande gloire des descendants de Teucer. Le cruel Jupiter a tout transporté à Argos. Les Grecs sont les mal- tres dans la ville en feu. » et O patrie! ô [lion , séjour des dieux l ô murs de Troie, illus- trés par la guerre! n et Qui pourrait raconter les désastres de cette nuit, et tant de morts? qui pourrait verser assez de larmes pour être à la hau- teur d’une douleur pareille? Cette ville antique s’écroule, après avoir été le siégé de la puissance pendant tant d’années. n Quelle source , quel torrent, quelle mer laisse échap- per autant de flots que le poète de paroles l Voici main- tenant le genre d’éloquencc que j’appelle froid : a Turnus , avec la vitesse du vol, avait devancé la marche ap- pesantie de l’armée, accompagné de vingt cavaliers d’élite. li arrivaà l’improviste aux pieds de la ville. Il est monté sur un cheval de Thrace tacheté de blanc. Un panache rouge flotte sur son casque d’or. » Avec quelle élégance, quelle abondance fleurie , quand il le veut , il s’étend sur le même sujet l a Choreus le consacré, autrefois prêtre de Cybèle , brillait au loin remarquable par ses armes de Phrygie. Il échauffait avec l’éperon son cheval écumant , dont la housse était une peau cou- verte d’or et d’écailles d’airain , en forme de plumage.
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