Spatial Distribution of Educational Schools in Meiktila Township, Mandalay Region, Myanmar

Home , Mandalay, Meiktila, Meiktila Township

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ThidaHlaing* (Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Sittway University, Rakhine State, Myanmar) Corresponding email: [email protected] Abstract – The main aim of this paperis to analyze the spatial distribution of Basic Educational Schools and Higher Education School in Meiktila Township within the Central Myanmar. The development of one nation is connected with education and literacy. One of the many important sectors for the social development of Meiktila Township is educational sector. During the regime of ancient Myanmar Kings, Buddhist monastic education played an important role in upgrading religion and cultural standard of people. The Myanmar Government has spent enormous amount of money for education and has also increased the yearly expenditure. In Meiktila Township, the education sector can be divided into two levels: the higher education level and the basic education level.The study areas are situated Meiktila Town Proper and 58 village tracts. It was aimed to assess the role of education sector of Meiktila Township.In Meiktila Township, there are 33,357 graduates from various universities and institutes. As the literacy movement township – wise was launched during the summer vacations since 1964, the literacy rate of Meiktila Township reached 99.83% in the year 2018. Key words : students, teacher, urban area, rural area.

I. INTRODUCTION presented on spatial distribution of Basic Educational Schools and Higher Education is the process of Education SchoolinMeiktila Township. facilitating learning, or the acquisition of Thedistributional pattern is not uniform. Knowledge, skills, values, beliefs and The analysis surveyed the close habits.A spatial distribution is the relationships between geographically arrangement of a phenomenon across the factors on one hand and the distributed Earth’s surface and a graphical display pattern of schools on the other. This is a of such an arrangement is an important brief account on that relationship. tool in geographical and environmental statistics. This research paper is Aim and Objectives

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The main objectives of the research MeiktilaTownship was 303,201 persons. paper are to find out the ways for the Of this total, the urban population future generation of the spatial constitutes 100,749 with the distribution of the Meiktila Township. 33.23percent and the rural population These objectives are, 202,452 persons with the 66.77 percent. * To show the analysis on the This research paper is based on both relationship between the spatial location primary data and secondary data. For the of school; presentation of this paper, required data * To analysis the distributional pattern of and maps are available from the school and secondary source. Some facts and * To investigate the teacher – student figures are also obtained from the ratio in the study area Gazetteers.Quantitative and Qualitative * To purpose the suggestion for the Methods are used in this paper. This future education inMeiktila Township research paper is study period from August 2018 - 2019. II. MATERIAL AND METHODS Study Area The study area is Meiktila Township, one of the townships in Mandalay Region. It is situated in Central Dry Zone of Myanmar. Meiktila Township is located between 20° 39'15" N and 21° 00' N Latitudes; and 95° 30' 40"E and 96° 00' 55" E Longitudes (See Fig 1). The area of Meiktila Township is 475.36 square miles (304,234 acres). The township composes of Meiktila Figure. 1 Location of Meiktila Township Town that made up 15 Wards, and 58 Source: Based on UTM Map 2095-09, 2095- village tracts. The study area of this 10, 2095-13, 2095-14, 2095-01 and 2195-16. research paper isMeiktila Township.In 2018, the total population of

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III.SpatialDistribution of Meiktila University is situated in Educational Schools inMeiktila No.9 Aungsan Ward. It has an area of 45.82 acres and was opened on 23 th Township January 2001. The number of teachers The development of one nation is and students in this University are 320 connected with education and literacy. persons and 7,882 persons, respectively. One of the many important sectors for Therefore, the teacher - student ratio for the socialdevelopment of Meiktila higher education level is 1:25. Township iseducation sector. During the regime of ancient Myanmar Kings, Institute of Economics was Buddhist monastic education played an located in Kanthar Village. It has an area important role in upgrading religion and of 100.0 acres and opened on 14 th June cultural standard of people. The 2001. The number of teachers and Myanmar Government has spent students in this University are 116 enormous amount of money for persons and 2,940 persons, respectively. education and has also increased the Therefore, the teacher - student ratio for yearly expenditure. In Meiktila higher education level is 1:25. Township, the education sector can be Myanmar Aerospace Engineering divided into two levels: the higher University is situated in Zaungchankone education level and the basic education Ward. It has an area of 115.84 acres and level. was opened on 1 st August 2002. The With regard to higher education number of teachers and students in this level, Meiktila University, Education University are 111 persons and 605 College, Institute of Economics, Institute persons, respectively. Therefore, the of Government Technology, Myanmar teacher - student ratio for higher Aerospace Engineering University education level is 1:5. (M.A.E.U), Institute of Computer and Institute of Government Nursing Training School are established Technology was located in Wunzin in Meiktila Township. Ward, north-eastern part of Meiktila. It has an area of 51.65 acres and opened on

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20 th January 2007. The number of persons, respectively. Therefore, the teachers and students in this University teacher - student ratio for higher are 142 persons and 1,858 persons education level is 1:9. The respectively. Therefore, the teacher - HigherEducation Level in Meiktila student ratio for higher education level is Township (2016) is presented in Map 1:13. (1).

Institute of Computer is situated In Meiktila Township, there are in Wunzin Ward. It has an area of 51.65 eight Basic Education High Schools acres and was opened on 20 th January during the academic year 2016. These 2007. The number of teachers and eight Basic Education High Schools are students in this University are 67 persons located in Meiktila Town proper, and 605 persons, respectively. Nyaungkaing, Yewai and Yecho Therefore, the teacher - student ratio for villages. In the High Schools Level, the higher education level is 1:9. total number of Senior Assistant Teachers (SAT) are 1,231 persons and Education College was located in the total number of high schools level Aungsan Ward, eastern part of Meiktila. students are 17,399 persons. Therefore, Ithas an area of 26.6 acres and opened the teacher - student ratio for high school on 1 st October 1953. The number of level is 1: 14. teachers and students in this University are 89 persons and 2,083 persons, During this academic year respectively. Therefore, the teacher - (2017- 2018), are ten Affiliated High student ratio for higher education level is Schools in Meiktila Township. They are 1:23. located in Meiktila Town, Tepinkone, Kwetnge, Theinkone, Shwesitthi, Nurse Training School was Gweaing, Tawma, Aleywa, Mwe and located in Aungsan Ward, eastern part of Kyaukphu (West) villages. In the High Meiktila. It has an area of 1.183 acres Schools Level, the total number of and opened on 22 nd November 2009. The Senior Assistant Teachers (SAT) are 884 number of teachers and students in this persons and the total number of high University are 19 persons and 172 schools level students are 6,382 persons.

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Therefore, the teacher - student ratio for 18 villages. The number of teachers and high school level is 1: 72. students in these Monastic Primary School are 166 persons and 3,232 During the academic year 2016, persons, respectively. Therefore, the there are five Basic Education Middle teacher - student ratio for Monastic Schools and 24 Affiliated Middle Primary Schools level is 1: 19. Schools .In the Middle Schools Level, the total numbers of Junior Assistant The distribution of basic Teachers (JAT) are 153 persons and the education schools and higher education total number of Middle schools level schools in Meiktila Township (2018) is students are 3,284 persons. Therefore, presented in figure (2) and table (1), (2) the teacher - student ratio for Middle and (3). School level is 1: 21. V. DISCUSSION .In Meiktila Township, there is Studying the higher education 14 Basic Education Post Primary sector and Basic Educational Schools Schools and 213 Basic Education inMeiktila Township, it enjoys the fruit Primary Schools are located in nearly all of higher education, by producing degree village tracts. The total number of holders in the fields of arts and science Primary Assistant Teachers (PAT) is and diploma certificate holders in 2104 persons and the total number of nursing. These degree and diploma Primary Schools level students are certificate holders can raise the level of 16,383 persons. Therefore, the teacher - living standard and quality of life and student ratio for Primary Schools level is finally their attitudes toward themselves 1: 34. and their environments. In Meiktila There are 20 Monastic Primary Township, there are 73,613 graduates Schools in Meiktila Township during the from various universities and institutes. academic year 2017 - 2018. One As the literacy movement township – Monastic Primary Schools are situated wise was launched during the summer Meiktila Town proper and 19 vacations since 1964, the literacy rate of MonasticPrimary Schools are situated in

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Meiktila Township reached 99.83% in the year 2018.

Table (2) The Number of Teachers and Table (1) The Number of Teachers and Students in Middle School Level in Students in Higher Education in Meiktila Meiktila Township (2018) Township (2018) Source: Township Education Department, Meiktila Source: Township Education Department, Meiktila T&S No Town / VT NT NS University/ T – S Ratio No NT NS College Ratio Meiktila, 1 109 1,068 1 : 10 Meiktila B.E.M.S, 1 1 320 7882 1 : 24.6 University Meiktila, 2 53 526 1 : 10 Institute of B.E.M.S , 2 2 116 2940 1 : 25 Economics Meiktila, 3 63 460 1 : 7 Myanmar B.E.M.S, 3

3 Aerospace 111 605 1 : 6.54 4 Kwetnge 43 527 1 : 12 Engineering University 5 Tepinkon 49 476 1 : 9 6 Mondaing 29 551 1 : 19 Institute of 4 Government 142 1858 1 : 13 Theingon, Technology 7 19 710 1 : 38 (Myaukle) Institute of 5 67 605 1 : 9 9 Chisat 41 1,151 1 : 28 Computer 10 Shwesitthe 40 313 1 : 9 Education 6 89 2083 1 : 23 11 Tawma 25 1,012 1 : 48 College 12 Gweaing 18 500 1 : 28 Nursing 13 Mwe 10 335 1 : 34 7 Training 19 172 1 : 9 14 Aleywa 19 455 1 : 22 School 15 Shante 39 435 1 : 11 Total 864 16,145 17

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(Airforce) NyaungKaing = NK

SN = School Name 16 Kyaukpu 12 398 1 : 33 Uni = University Total 333 8,376 1 : 25 C= Collage

NT= Number of Teacher Table (3) The Number of Teachers and Students in High School Level in Meiktila NS = Number of Students Township (2018) T= Teacher Source: Township Education Department, Meiktila S= Student

No SN NT NS T&S(%)

1 No.1 106 3,521 1:33.2

2 No.2 84 1,973 1:23.5

3 No.3 66 1,560 1: 23.6

4 No.4 63 2,004 1:31.8

5 No.5 94 3,204 1:34.1

6 No.6 26 480 1:18.5

7 NK 42 1,110 1:26.4

8 Yewai 38 1,405 1:37

9 Yecho 32 986 1:30.8

10 Chisat 53 1,190 1:22.5

11 Aleywa 26 709 1:27.3

Total 616 1,8178 1:29.5 Figure. 2 Spatial Distribution of Educational Schools in Meiktila Index Township(2018) Meiktila, B.E.H.S(1) = No .1 Source: Township Education Meiktila, B.E.H.S(2) = No.2 Department, Meiktila Meiktila, B.E.H.S(3) = No.3 V. CONCLUSION Meiktila, B.E.H.S(4) = No.4 In Meiktila Township, studying Meiktila, B.E.H.S(5) = No.5 from the increasing of urban populations Meiktila, B.E.H.S(6) = No.6

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on the yearly census, the population’s in number of schools, in favor of number of each year slowly increased. building more than teaching halls and This was between deficiency of school rooms. The new schools should education andeconomic; the any other be better established instead of teaching town could attract very few people from halls or extension of school floor space. rural area for their settlement. The There is also difference pattern in school proportion of rural population is to another. But naturally they can never gradually slow. As a result the education be the same. But the important thing is of Meiktila Township depends heavily that only some schools have the proper on rural Students.The spatial pattern facilities for studies.

fifers which location diversity. The As the distribution of school, distribution of population is closely differ, so there is unequal density of interrelated with sparse or nucleated students. The location of schools with patterns. There were 198 Basic respect to wards also shows some Education Schools in Meiktila. A great contrast. Those should be at least one number of schools are founding and primary school in each ward; instead around the Central Business District there are many wards without having Area such as Myomalay and Nandawgon any such schools in each. ward within Meiktila Town. There are ACKNOWLEDGEMENT fewer numbers of schools in the outer First and foremost, I wish to zone and sub- urban areas such as Chiset express deeply thankful to my ward and Pyithaya (north) Ward in urban retireProfessorDrTheinHtutfor his area. The student density was thick in valuable guidelines,reading proof the downtown areas. andandDrKanTun (Associate Professor, The location of schools also Sittway University) for their help and depends on the number of population. some advices. There are more numerous in congested REFERENCES and populated areas. Similarly, there 1. Alexander, Economic Activities, isless number of schools in thinly J.C (1963) Prentice Hall Eagle Wood Clitfs, N.J. populated wards. There is less extension 2. Alexander, “Introduction to Spatial Analysis”,

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John (1963) Prentice- Hall,Eagle wood Cliffs, N.J: 3. Clarke, Population Geology, reprinted in 1968;

John. I. Pergnmon Press Ltd, Oxford. . (1968) . 4. Fellmann, Human Geography, Landscopes

Getis of Human Activities,Ninth Edition, (2007) Published by McGraw- Hill Comparies, New York