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Rail Infrastructure Development Plan and Planning for International Railway Connectivity in Myanmar
THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS MYANMA RAILWAYS Expert Group Meeting on the Use of New Technologies for Facilitation of International Railway Transport 9-12 December, 2019 Rail Infrastructure Development Plan and Planning for International Railway Connectivity in Myanmar Ba Myint Managing Director Myanma Railways Ministry of Transport and Communications MYANMAR Contents . Brief Introduction on situation of Transport Infrastructure in Myanmar . Formulation of National Transport Master Plan . Preparation for the National Logistics Master Plan Study (MYL‐Plan) . Status of Myanma Railways and Current Rail Infrastructure Development Projects . Planning for International Railway Connectivity in Myanmar 2 Brief Introduction on situation of Transport Infrastructure in Myanmar Myanma’s Profile . Population – 54.283 Million(March,2018) India . Area ‐676,578 Km² China . Coastal Line ‐ 2800 km . Road Length ‐ approximately 150,000 km . Railways Route Length ‐ 6110.5 Km . GDP per Capita – 1285 USD in 2018 Current Status Lao . Myanmar’s Transport system lags behind ASEAN . 60% of highways and rail lines in poor condition Thailand . 20 million People without basic road access . $45‐60 Billion investments needs (2016‐ 2030) Reduce transport costs by 30% Raise GDP by 13% Provide basic road access to 10 million people and save People’s lives on the roads. 4 Notable Geographical Feature of MYANMAR India China Bangaladesh Lao Thailand . As land ‐ bridge between South Asia and Southeast Asia as well as with China . Steep and long mountain ranges hamper the development of transport links with neighbors. 5 Notable Geographical Feature China 1,340 Mil. India 1,210 mil. Situated at a cross‐road of 3 large economic centers. -
TRENDS in MANDALAY Photo Credits
Local Governance Mapping THE STATE OF LOCAL GOVERNANCE: TRENDS IN MANDALAY Photo credits Paul van Hoof Mithulina Chatterjee Myanmar Survey Research The views expressed in this publication are those of the author, and do not necessarily represent the views of UNDP. Local Governance Mapping THE STATE OF LOCAL GOVERNANCE: TRENDS IN MANDALAY UNDP MYANMAR Table of Contents Acknowledgements II Acronyms III Executive Summary 1 1. Introduction 11 2. Methodology 14 2.1 Objectives 15 2.2 Research tools 15 3. Introduction to Mandalay region and participating townships 18 3.1 Socio-economic context 20 3.2 Demographics 22 3.3 Historical context 23 3.4 Governance institutions 26 3.5 Introduction to the three townships participating in the mapping 33 4. Governance at the frontline: Participation in planning, responsiveness for local service provision and accountability 38 4.1 Recent developments in Mandalay region from a citizen’s perspective 39 4.1.1 Citizens views on improvements in their village tract or ward 39 4.1.2 Citizens views on challenges in their village tract or ward 40 4.1.3 Perceptions on safety and security in Mandalay Region 43 4.2 Development planning and citizen participation 46 4.2.1 Planning, implementation and monitoring of development fund projects 48 4.2.2 Participation of citizens in decision-making regarding the utilisation of the development funds 52 4.3 Access to services 58 4.3.1 Basic healthcare service 62 4.3.2 Primary education 74 4.3.3 Drinking water 83 4.4 Information, transparency and accountability 94 4.4.1 Aspects of institutional and social accountability 95 4.4.2 Transparency and access to information 102 4.4.3 Civil society’s role in enhancing transparency and accountability 106 5. -
AROUND MANDALAY You Cansnoopaboutpottery Factories
© Lonely Planet Publications 276 Around Mandalay What puts Mandalay on most travellers’ maps looms outside its doors – former capitals with battered stupas and palace walls lost in palm-rimmed rice fields where locals scoot by in slow-moving horse carts. Most of it is easy day-trip potential. In Amarapura, for-hire rowboats drift by a three-quarter-mile teak-pole bridge used by hundreds of monks and fishers carrying their day’s catch home. At the canal-made island capital of Inwa (Ava), a flatbed ferry then a horse cart leads visitors to a handful of ancient sites surrounded by village life. In Mingun – a boat ride up the Ayeyarwady (Irrawaddy) from Mandalay – steps lead up a battered stupa more massive than any other…and yet only a AROUND MANDALAY third finished. At one of Myanmar’s most religious destinations, Sagaing’s temple-studded hills offer room to explore, space to meditate and views of the Ayeyarwady. Further out of town, northwest of Mandalay in Sagaing District, are a couple of towns – real ones, the kind where wide-eyed locals sometimes slip into approving laughter at your mere presence – that require overnight stays. Four hours west of Mandalay, Monywa is near a carnivalesque pagoda and hundreds of cave temples carved from a buddha-shaped moun- tain; further east, Shwebo is further off the travelways, a stupa-filled town where Myanmar’s last dynasty kicked off; nearby is Kyaukmyaung, a riverside town devoted to pottery, where you can snoop about pottery factories. HIGHLIGHTS Join the monk parade crossing the world’s longest -
MANDALAY REGION, PYIN OO LWIN DISTRICT Pyin Oo Lwin Township Report
THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census MANDALAY REGION, PYIN OO LWIN DISTRICT Pyin Oo Lwin Township Report Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population October 2017 The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census Mandalay Region, Pyin Oo Lwin District Pyin Oo Lwin Township Report Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population Office No.48 Nay Pyi Taw Tel: +95 67 431062 www.dop.gov.mm October 2017 Figure 1 : Map of Mandalay Region, showing the townships Pyin Oo Lwin Township Figures at a Glance 1 Total Population 255,508 2 Population males 128,027 (50.1%) Population females 127,481 (49.9%) Percentage of urban population 62.1% Area (Km2) 1,978.1 3 Population density (per Km2) 129.2 persons Median age 26.8 years Number of wards 21 Number of village tracts 37 Number of private households 53,382 Percentage of female headed households 22.6% Mean household size 4.3 persons 4 Percentage of population by age group Children (0 – 14 years) 24.7% Economically productive (15 – 64 years) 70.7% Elderly population (65+ years) 4.6% Dependency ratios Total dependency ratio 41.3 Child dependency ratio 34.9 Old dependency ratio 6.4 Ageing index 18.5 Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 100 Literacy rate (persons aged 15 and over) 95.4% Male 97.5% Female 93.4% People with disability Number Per cent Any form of disability 5,334 2.1 Walking 2,190 0.9 Seeing 2,633 1.0 Hearing 1,334 0.5 Remembering 1,454 0.6 Type of Identity Card (persons aged 10 and over) Number Per -
Mandalay Region Census Report Volume 3 – L
THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census Mandalay Region Census Report Volume 3 – l Department of Population Ministry of Immigration and Population May 2015 The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census Mandalay Region Report Census Report Volume 3 – I For more information contact: Department of Population Ministry of Immigration and Population Office No. 48 Nay Pyi Taw Tel: +95 67 431 062 www.dop.gov.mm May, 2015 Figure 2: Map of Mandalay Region, Districts and Townships ii Census Report Volume 3–I (Mandalay) Foreword The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census (2014 MPHC) was conducted from 29th March to 10th April 2014 on a de facto basis. The successful planning and implementation of the census activities, followed by the timely release of the provisional results in August 2014 and now the main results in May 2015, is a clear testimony of the Government’s resolve to publish all information collected from respondents in accordance with the Population and Housing Census Law No. 19 of 2013. It is now my hope that the main results both Union and each of the State and Region reports will be interpreted correctly and will effectively inform the planning and decision-making processes in our quest for national and sub-national development. The census structures put in place, including the Central Census Commission, Census Committees and officers at the State/Region, District and Township levels and the International Technical Advisory Board (ITAB), a group of 15 experts from different countries and institutions involved in censuses and statistics internationally, provided the requisite administrative and technical inputs for the implementation of the census. -
Myanmar – Humanitarian Snapshot (August 2021)
MYANMAR – Humanitarian Snapshot August 2021 PEOPLE IN NEED 2021 HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE PLAN 3M 336K 210K 470K 249K 1.7M 944K $276M $97M (35%) People targeted Requirements Received People in need Internally People internally Non-displaced Returnees and Other vulnerable displaced displaced due to stateless locally people, mostly in INTERIM EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN 1M 2M people at the clashes and persons in integrated urban and peri- start of 2021 Rakhine people urban areas people previously identified people identified insecurity since 2M $109M $17M (15%) February 2021 in conflict-affected areas since 1 February People targeted Requirements Received COUNTRYWIDE DISPLACEMENT IN KACHIN AND SHAN A total of 3 million people are targeted for humanitarian The overall security situation in Kachin and Shan states assistance across the country. This includes 1 million remains volatile, with various level of clashes reported between people in need in conflict-affected areas previously MAF and ethnic armed organizations (EAOs) or among EAOs. identified and a further 2 million people since 1 February. Monsoon flash floods affected around 125,000 people in In Shan State, small-scale population movement was reported the regions and states of Kachin, Kayin, Mandalay, Mon, in Hsipaw, Muse, Kyethi and Mongkaing townships since mid- Rakhine, eastern Shan and Tanintharyi between late July July. In total, 24,950 people have been internally displaced and mid-August, according to local actors. Immediate across Shan State since the start of 2021; over 5,000 people needs of families affected or evacuated have been remain displaced in five townships. addressed by local aid workers and communities. In Kachin, no new displacement has been reported. -
Shan State - Myanmar
Myanmar Information Management Unit SHAN STATE - MYANMAR Mohnyin 96°40'E Sinbo 97°30'E 98°20'E 99°10'E 100°0'E 100°50'E 24°45'N 24°45'N Bhutan Dawthponeyan India China Bangladesh Myo Hla Banmauk KACHIN Vietnam Bamaw Laos Airport Bhamo Momauk Indaw Shwegu Lwegel Katha Mansi Thailand Maw Monekoe Hteik Pang Hseng (Kyu Koke) Konkyan Cambodia 24°0'N Muse 24°0'N Muse Manhlyoe (Manhero) Konkyan Namhkan Tigyaing Namhkan Kutkai Laukkaing Laukkaing Mabein Tarmoenye Takaung Kutkai Chinshwehaw CHINA Mabein Kunlong Namtit Hopang Manton Kunlong Hseni Manton Hseni Hopang Pan Lon 23°15'N 23°15'N Mongmit Namtu Lashio Namtu Mongmit Pangwaun Namhsan Lashio Airport Namhsan Mongmao Mongmao Lashio Thabeikkyin Mogoke Pangwaun Monglon Mongngawt Tangyan Man Kan Kyaukme Namphan Hsipaw Singu Kyaukme Narphan Mongyai Tangyan 22°30'N 22°30'N Mongyai Pangsang Wetlet Nawnghkio Wein Nawnghkio Madaya Hsipaw Pangsang Mongpauk Mandalay CityPyinoolwin Matman Mandalay Anisakan Mongyang Chanmyathazi Ai Airport Kyethi Monghsu Sagaing Kyethi Matman Mongyang Myitnge Tada-U SHAN Monghsu Mongkhet 21°45'N MANDALAY Mongkaing Mongsan 21°45'N Sintgaing Mongkhet Mongla (Hmonesan) Mandalay Mongnawng Intaw international A Kyaukse Mongkaung Mongla Lawksawk Myittha Mongyawng Mongping Tontar Mongyu Kar Li Kunhing Kengtung Laihka Ywangan Lawksawk Kentung Laihka Kunhing Airport Mongyawng Ywangan Mongping Wundwin Kho Lam Pindaya Hopong Pinlon 21°0'N Pindaya 21°0'N Loilen Monghpyak Loilen Nansang Meiktila Taunggyi Monghpyak Thazi Kenglat Nansang Nansang Airport Heho Taunggyi Airport Ayetharyar -
Endgame in Burma 349
Endgame in Burma 349 Chapter 10 Endgame in Burma: August 1944–15 August 1945 Introduction The dominant view is that after the Japanese defeat at Imphal and Kohima, the IJA as a potent combat instrument was finished and what followed was a mop- ping up operation by the victorious Commonwealth air-land forces. The reality was a bit more complex. The post-Imphal-Kohima period could be subdivided into three interrelated phases: the battles for Mandalay, and Meiktila and the race for Rangoon. The Japanese commanders named this struggle as the Battle of the Irrawaddy. As the British commanders prepared to pursue and defeat the retreating IJA in the aftermath of Imphal-Kohima, the former took stock of the military effectiveness of the forces at their disposal and their opponents. The first section of this chapter analyzes the combat effectiveness of the Commonwealth forces and its opponent. And the next two sections portray the nature of combat in central and south Burma. The last section, in order to put things in a global perspective, attempts an assessment of the scope and intensity of the Mandalay-Meiktila-Rangoon Campaign in comparison with the gargantuan battles of the Ostfront. Combat Effectiveness of the British and Indian Armies Williamson Murray writes that during war there is little time to understand the behaviour of the interactive, adaptive opponent. However, feedback from combat results can suggest some necessary adaptations only if the proper les- sons are identified and then learnt.1 The Commonwealth military organization attempted to initiate the above-mentioned process. In November 1944, Brigadier I.E.M. -
Militarized Conflicts in Northern Shan State
A Return to War: Militarized Conflicts in Northern Shan State ASIA PAPER May 2018 EUROPEAN UNION A Return to War: Militarized Conflicts in Northern Shan State © Institute for Security and Development Policy V. Finnbodavägen 2, Stockholm-Nacka, Sweden www.isdp.eu “A Return to War: Militarized Conflicts in Northern Shan State” is an Asia Paper published by the published by the Institute for Security and Development Policy. The Asia Paper Series is the Occasional Paper series of the Institute’s Asia Program, and addresses topical and timely subjects. The Institute is based in Stockholm, Sweden, and cooperates closely with research centers worldwide. The Institute serves a large and diverse community of analysts, scholars, policy-watchers, business leaders, and journalists. It is at the forefront of research on issues of conflict, security, and development. Through its applied research, publications, research cooperation, public lectures, and seminars, it functions as a focal point for academic, policy, and public discussion. This publication has been produced with funding by the European Union. The content of this publication does not reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Responsibility for the information and views expressed in the paper lies entirely with the authors. No third-party textual or artistic material is included in the publication without the copyright holder’s prior consent to further dissemination by other third parties. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. © European Union and ISDP, 2018 Printed in Lithuania ISBN: 978-91-88551-11-5 Cover photo: Patrick Brown patrickbrownphoto.com Distributed in Europe by: Institute for Security and Development Policy Västra Finnbodavägen 2, 131 30 Stockholm-Nacka, Sweden Tel. -
IDP 2011 Eng Cover Master
Map 7 : Southern and Central Shan State Hsipaw Mongmao INDIA Ta ng ya n CHINA Mongyai MYANMAR (BURMA) LAOS M Y A N M A R / B U R M A THAILAND Pangsang Kehsi Mong Hsu Matman Salween Mongyang S H A N S T A T E Mongket COAL MINE Mongla Mong Kung Pang Mong Ping Kunhing Kengtung Yatsauk Laikha Loilem Namzarng Monghpyak Mong Kok COAL MINE Taunggyi KENG TAWNG DAM COAL MINE Nam Pawn Mong Hsat Mongnai TASANG Tachilek Teng DAM Langkher Mongpan Mongton Mawkmai Hsihseng en Salwe Pekon T H A I L A N D Loikaw Kilometers Shadaw Demawso Wieng Hang Ban Mai 01020 K A Y A H S T A T E Nai Soi Tatmadaw Regional Command Refugee Camp Development Projects Associated with Human Rights Abuses Tatmadaw Military OPS Command International Boundary Logging Tatmadaw Battalion Headquarters State/Region Boundary Dam BGF/Militia HQ Rivers Mine Tatmadaw Outpost Roads Railroad Construction BGF/Militia Outpost Renewed Ceasefire Area (UWSA, NDAA) Road Construction Displaced Village, 2011 Resumed Armed Resistance (SSA-N) IDP Camp Protracted Armed Resistance (SSA-S, PNLO) THAILAND BURMA BORDER CONSORTIUM 43 Map 12 : Tenasserim / Tanintharyi Region INDIA T H A I L A N D CHINA MYANMAR Yeb yu (BURMA) LAOS Dawei Kanchanaburi Longlon THAILAND Thayetchaung Bangkok Ban Chaung Tham Hin T A N I N T H A R Y I R E G I O N Gulf Taninth of Palaw a Thailand ryi Mergui Andaman Sea Tanintharyi Mawtaung Bokpyin Kilometers 0 50 100 Kawthaung Development Projects Associated Tatmadaw Regional Command Refugee Camp with Human Rights Abuses Tatmadaw Military OPS Command International Boundary Gas -
The Myanmar-Thailand Corridor 6 the Myanmar-Malaysia Corridor 16 the Myanmar-Korea Corridor 22 Migration Corridors Without Labor Attachés 25
Online Appendixes Public Disclosure Authorized Labor Mobility As a Jobs Strategy for Myanmar STRENGTHENING ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIES TO ENHANCE THE BENEFITS OF MOBILITY Public Disclosure Authorized Mauro Testaverde Harry Moroz Public Disclosure Authorized Puja Dutta Public Disclosure Authorized Contents Appendix 1 Labor Exchange Offices in Myanmar 1 Appendix 2 Forms used to collect information at Labor Exchange Offices 3 Appendix 3 Registering jobseekers and vacancies at Labor Exchange Offices 5 Appendix 4 The migration process in Myanmar 6 The Myanmar-Thailand corridor 6 The Myanmar-Malaysia corridor 16 The Myanmar-Korea corridor 22 Migration corridors without labor attachés 25 Appendix 5 Obtaining an Overseas Worker Identification Card (OWIC) 29 Appendix 6 Obtaining a passport 30 Cover Photo: Somrerk Witthayanant/ Shutterstock Appendix 1 Labor Exchange Offices in Myanmar State/Region Name State/Region Name Yangon No (1) LEO Tanintharyi Dawei Township Office Yangon No (2/3) LEO Tanintharyi Myeik Township Office Yangon No (3) LEO Tanintharyi Kawthoung Township Office Yangon No (4) LEO Magway Magwe Township Office Yangon No (5) LEO Magway Minbu District Office Yangon No (6/11/12) LEO Magway Pakokku District Office Yangon No (7) LEO Magway Chauk Township Office Yangon No (8/9) LEO Magway Yenangyaung Township Office Yangon No (10) LEO Magway Aunglan Township Office Yangon Mingalardon Township Office Sagaing Sagaing District Office Yangon Shwe Pyi Thar Township Sagaing Monywa District Office Yangon Hlaing Thar Yar Township Sagaing Shwe -
Massacre in Central Burma: Muslim Students Terrorized and Killed in Meiktila Contents
Physicians for Massacre In Central Burma: Human Rights Muslim Students Terrorized and Killed in Meiktila May 2013 Burmese boys stand near a destroyed home on April 5, 2013, in Meiktila, Burma. Photo: Paula Bronstein/Getty Images physiciansforhumanrights.org About Physicians for Human Rights For more than 25 years, Physicians for Human Rights (PHR)’s use of science and medicine has been on the cutting edge of human rights work. 1986 2003 Led investigations of torture in Warned US policymakers on health Chile, gaining freedom for heroic and human rights conditions prior doctors there to and during the invasion of Iraq 1988 2004 First to document the Iraqi use Documented genocide and sexual of chemical weapons on Kurds, violence in Darfur in support of providing evidence for prosecution international prosecutions of war criminals 2010 1996 Investigated the epidemic of Exhumed mass graves in the violence spread by Burma’s Balkans for International Tribunals, military junta and sounded the alarm about refugee camps in Bosnia and 2012 Kosovo Trained doctors, lawyers, police, and judges in the Democratic 1996 Republic of the Congo, Kenya, and Provided evidence of genocide for Syria on the proper collection of the International Criminal Tribunal evidence in sexual violence cases for Rwanda 2013 1997 Won first prize in the Tech Shared the Nobel Peace Prize for Challenge for Atrocity Prevention the International Campaign to Ban with MediCapt, our mobile app Landmines that documents evidence of torture and sexual violence 2 Arrow Street 1156 15th Street, NW physiciansforhumanrights.org Suite 301 Suite 1001 Cambridge, MA Washington, DC ©2013 Physicians for Human Rights.