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translation studies with articles on such obligatory topics as Bible Mona Baker (ed.) The Routledge Translation, Machine Translation, Encyclopedia of Translation and Torah Translation, by Eugene Studies.London/New York: A. Nida, Harold L. Somers, and Routledge, 1998, 654 pp. Michael Alpert, respectively. It also offers treatments of strategies for translation: the interpretative In the introduction to the approach (Myriam Salama-Carr), Routledge Encyclopedia of linguistic approaches (Peter Translation Studies, editor Mona Fawcett), the literal approach Baker recounts that the idea for a (Douglas Robinson), semiotic reference book for translation studies approaches (Umberto Eco and Siri had been suggested to her in 1991. Nergaard), and speculative Almost a decade later, with the approaches (Marilyn Gaddis Rose). publication of this pioneering By including this kind of variety in resource, she is careful to remind her encyclopedia, Baker the reader that no reference book demonstrates the sense of can be comprehensive. In her view, innovation that surrounds translation however, a reader can expect a studies as a new discipline. In “balanced, non-partisan view of the keeping with this innovative spirit, discipline.” As editor, Baker has the “General” section contains gathered 110 articles from ninety- surprising articles as well, on five contributors, who collectively subjects that have received less cite approximately 1900 attention in the past, such as Qur’an bibliographical sources. Translation (Hassan Mustapha). Baker, a Professor of Translation The encyclopedia’s inclusive Studies at University of Manchester structure also makes room for less Institute of Science and Technology academic, practical applications of (UMIST) in the United Kingdom, translation such as court interpreting groups the material in two sections: (Muhammad Gamal), dubbing “General” and “History and (Mona Baker and Brano Hochel), Traditions.” The “General” and signed language interpreting Section, which covers nearly three (William P. Isham), the inclusion hundred pages, provides the of which provides a link between interested reader or student of the new discipline of translation 236 Resenhas

studies and the often academically- such as the article by Keneva Kunz absent disabled community. on the Icelandic tradition. Baker In addition to these applications, provides a rationale for this wider, approaches and subject areas, The more inventive construction. As she Routledge Encyclopedia of writes in the introduction, “[A] Translation Studies also contains reading of these histories can lead articles on the processes involved to interesting insights on such issues in translation. For example, as the overall profile of translators Wolfram Wills provides an article and interpreters during different on “Decision Making in historical periods, the role of the Translation,” Keith Harvey treats translator and/or interpreter as it has “Compensation,” Douglas been conceived by different Robinson provides on article on communities, …the amazing variety “Paraphrase,” and Kirsten of activities that have been subsumed Malmkjær offers an article on Unit at different times under the general of Measurement. These are areas heading of ‘translation’, and the that any translator or student of kinds of contexts in which translation studies would be wise to translators and interpreters have had read. In this way, Baker has created to operate” . Further, by including an indispensable reference book. traditions such as the Arabic (for Part Two, however, extends the which Baker herself provides the use of the volume to provide context article) and the Brazilian (treated by and further information of a more Heloisa Gonçalves Barbosa and Lia ample scope. Entitled “History and Wyler), this Encyclopedia, while Traditions,” the second half of the again avoiding claims of book spans almost another three exclusivity, contributes to the hundred pages, and examines the opening of wider avenues of history of translation practices in investigation and scholarship within thirty-one countries or regions. As the still-emerging parameters of in Part One, the offerings are translation studies. There is a sense various and eclectic, consisting of of possibility underlying the whole both familiar histories and contexts, endeavor, a spirit of ongoing such as the Latin tradition on which decisions regarding a present and Louis G. Kelly elaborates, and future canon for the discipline. others that have been explored and Baker, especially in Part Two, disseminated to a lesser degree, actively pursues what is new in the Resenhas 237 field, as well as what must be historical figures and suggestions for included for the sake of tradition. further reading. The Encyclopedia This provides an academic point of also features an impressive fifty- entry for areas outside of the five-page bibliography and a Western confines of inquiry, and detailed index, along with a list of also supplies more material for figures and tables used, as well as fruitful investigation than lists of consultant editors and specialized books of a more narrow contributors. vision. In conclusion, as Baker asserts, As a work of reference, the “A pioneering work of reference sets Encyclopedia is organized in an out to chart a territory that has easy-to-use, accessible way. The hitherto not been charted, to captu- articles in Part One are arranged in re the core concerns of a discipline alphabetical order and include cross- in a state of flux.” The Routledge referencing as extra assistance. In Encyclopedia of Translation Studies Part Two, the overviews are also offers at the very least both an anchor arranged alphabetically and include point and a safe port for future thumbnail biographies of pertinent navigation. Amanda E. Morrison St. Lawrence University

different approach to translation through the use of various Leo, Hickey (ed.) The Pragmatics translation theories and practices. of Translation. Clevedon/ The intention of these articles, Philadelphia:Multilingual according to Hickey, is to present Matters, 1998, 242 pp. the ways in which pragmatics rela- tes to translation and how one may achieve what he calls “pragmatic equivalence”. The authors attempt The Pragmatics of Translation to answer various questions is a collection of thirteen articles concerning the relationship between compiled by author and editor Leo original texts and their translations, Hickey. Each individual author and what exactly these translations represents in his or her article a intend to achieve. Hickey claims in