Garlic Mustard Is Capable of Invading High Quality, Mature Forests Because of Its High Shade Tolerance

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Garlic mustard is capable of invading high quality, mature forests because of its high shade tolerance. It modifies soil pH and develops GARLIC monocultures in areas otherwise used by ephemeral wildflowers and MUSTARD other native plants. It plays a role in killing the offspring of the rare (Alliaria petiolata) West Virginia white butterfly ( Pieris virginiensis ) and may also disrupt the mutualistic relationship between native trees and mycorrhizal fungi.

CHARACTERISTICS WHERE FROM WHERE FOUND Y Garlic mustard is a cool Originally native to Garlic mustard now F season biennial herb. It Europe, garlic mustard occurs in 27 states as far I develops rapidly, with each was first recorded in south as Georgia and as g T r o . plant dispersing thousands Long Island, New York far west as Oregon. It d o

o of seeds. It has weak single in 1868. Early settlers is found in moist, shaded w g N

u stems, 1 2– 36 inches high introduced garlic mustard soil of river floodplains as B

, y t i in its second and flowering to North America for well as forest edges and s E r e v i year. Leaves are triangular culinary and medicinal openings, particularly in n U

e to heart-shaped, and when purposes. disturbed areas. Garlic GARLIC MUSTARD FRUITS t D

a Chris Evans, Illinois Wildlife Action Plan, t S

crushed, give off an odor mustard thrives in shade. Bugwood.org I n a g

i of garlic. First-year plants h c i appear as a rosette that M

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C GARLIC MUSTARD FLOWERS I

L Chris Evans, Illinois Wildlife Action Plan, R Bugwood.org GARLIC MUSTARD FOLIAGE A Tom Heutte, USDA Forest Service, G Bugwood.org

L CHEMICAL METHOD MANUAL METHOD Spot application of 2% The best method is to pull O glyphosate ( e.g., Roundup ) plants by hand, in spring,

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T native plants are dormant material from the site. If but still green. This mature fruits are present,

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