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German Historical Institute London Bulletin Vol 28 (2006), No. 2

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German Historical Institute London Bulletin Vol 28 (2006), No. 2 German Historical Institute London Bulletin Volume XXVIII, No. 2 November 2006 CONTENTS Seminars 3 Annual Lecture 5 Article ‘A Very German Revolution’? The Post-1918 Settlement Re-Evaluated (Conan Fischer) 6 Review Articles Suicide in Early Modern Central Europe: A Historiographical Review (David Lederer) 33 Prisoners of War during the First World War (Matthew Stibbe) 47 Book Reviews Friedrich Jäger (editor-in-chief), Enzyklopädie der Neuzeit, 16 vols., vol. 1: Abendland–Beleuchtung, ed. Brigitte Egger (Peter H. Wilson) 60 Mark Hengerer, Kaiserhof und Adel in der Mitte des 17. Jahr- hunderts: Eine Kommunikationsgeschichte der Macht in der Vormoderne (R. J. W. Evans) 64 Philipp Prein, Bürgerliches Reisen im 19. Jahrhundert: Freizeit, Kommunikation und soziale Grenzen (Thomas Adam) 71 Cornelius Torp, Die Herausforderung der Globalisierung: Wirtschaft und Politik in Deutschland 1860–1914 (Frank B. Tipton) 74 (cont.) Contents Annika Mombauer and Wilhelm Deist (eds.), The Kaiser: New Research on Wilhelm II’s Role in Imperial Germany; Martin Kohlrausch, Der Monarch im Skandal: Die Logik der Massen- medien und die Transformation der wilhelminischen Monarchie (Dominik Geppert) 80 Robin Prior and Trevor Wilson, The Somme (Michael Epkenhans) 90 Dominik Burkard, Häresie und Mythos des 20. Jahrhunderts: Rosenbergs nationalsozialistische Weltanschauung vor dem Tribunal der römischen Inquisition (John S. Conway) 93 Rolf Düsterberg, Hanns Johst: ‘Der Barde der SS’. Karrieren eines deutschen Dichters (Anselm Heinrich) 100 Conference Reports War Experiences and Identities: The Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars in Contemporary Perception (Catriona Kennedy, Kirstin Schäfer, and Leighton James) 106 Wilhelmine Germany and Edwardian Britain—Cultural Contacts and Transfers (Dominik Geppert and Robert Gerwarth) 115 Removing Peoples: Forced Migration in the Modern World (1850–1950) (Indra Sengupta) 123 Revisiting Sites of Memory: New Perspectives on the British Empire (Indra Sengupta) 133 Noticeboard 141 Library News Recent Acquisitions 150 2 SEMINARS AT THE GHIL AUTUMN 2006 31 Oct. AXEL SCHILDT (Hamburg) The Long Shadows of the Second World War: The Impact of Experiences and Memories of War on West German Society In cooperation with the Modern European History Research Centre, Oxford University Axel Schildt was appointed Professor of Modern History at the University of Hamburg in 2002 and is Director of the university’s Forschungsstelle für Zeitgeschichte. He is a leading expert on the history of the Federal Republic of Germany and on popular culture after the Second World War, and he has published extensively on this and other subjects. His most recent publications are a biography of Max Brauer (2002) and, with D. Siegfried, European Cities, Youth and the Public Sphere in the Twentieth Century (2005). 7 Nov. ADAM TOOZE (Cambridge) Labour, Food, and Genocide: The Economics of the Third Reich Dr J. Adam Tooze is University Senior Lecturer in Modern European Economic History at Jesus College Cambridge. He is a renowned expert on the economic history of twentieth- century Germany, particularly the Weimar Republic and the Third Reich, and was awarded the 2002 Philip Leverhulme Prize for Modern History. Among his numerous publica- tions are Statistics and the German State 1900–1945: The Making of Modern Economic Knowledge (2001), which won the H-Soz- Kult Historisches Buch Prize for 2002, and Wages of De- struction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy (2006). 14 Nov. DAVID CLAY LARGE (Montana State University) Hitler’s Games: Politics and Race in the 1936 Olympics Professor David Clay Large joined the Department of History and Philosophy at Montana State University in 1983. His main research areas are modern European and German 3 Seminars history. Among his most recent publications are a history of Berlin (2000) and And the World Closed Its Doors: One Family’s Abandonment to the Holocaust (2003). His current work, Nazi Games: The Olympics of 1936, will be published in 2007. 28 Nov. SYLVIA PALETSCHEK (Freiburg / Oxford) The Story of Lucie Lenz: Revolution, Espionage, and Adventure in 1848 and After Sylvia Paletschek was appointed Professor of Modern and Contemporary History at the University of Freiburg in 2001. Her research interests encompass women’s and gender his- tory, the social history of religion, the history of the 1848–9 revolution, and the history of higher education and science. Among her many publications are a history of the University of Tübingen during the German Empire and the Weimar Republic (2001) and Women’s Emancipation Movements in the Nineteenth Century: A European Perspective (2004). In 2006/7 she is Visiting Fellow of the Stifterverband at the European Studies Centre, St Antony’s College, University of Oxford. Seminars are held at 5 p.m. in the Seminar Room of the GHIL. Tea is served from 4.30 p.m. in the Common Room, and wine is available after the seminars. 4 THE 2006 ANNUAL LECTURE Nationalism, Power and Modernity in Nineteenth-Century Germany will be given by PROFESSOR JOHN BREUILLY London School of Economics on Friday, 27 October 2006, at 5 p.m. at the German Historical Institute. 5 ARTICLE ‘A VERY GERMAN REVOLUTION’? THE POST-1918 SETTLEMENT RE-EVALUATED* Conan Fischer I A ‘Flawed Revolution’ Deeply controversial during the Weimar era itself, the German Revolution of 1918–20 has remained the object of heated scholarly dispute. That said, few if any historians have seen fit to challenge the basic image of failure that haunts Weimar’s birth agonies and wider history. This is hardly surprising given how quickly, how utterly, and with what appalling consequences the republican settlement unravelled. Sebastian Haffner has been among the revolution’s most trench- ant critics. His polemical work, which appeared in 1979,1 ranks among the more extreme abnegations of the post-First World War settlement, but the issues that exercised him have been highly perti- nent to the wider discussion. Deliberate betrayal by Germany’s Social Democratic leaders was, in his view, the fundamental problem. They failed, he argues, to create the ‘proletarian democracy’ that the Social Democratic (not Communist) masses demanded,2 even seeking to ‘unleash the front-line army against the revolutionary workers’ in a misguided effort to maintain order.3 Related to this effort, alliances were forged both with the centrist bourgeois and religious parties and key elements of the old imperial order, who were at best fair- weather friends of democracy. For Haffner it was imperative that any revolution be pursued to its utmost potential, for only so could it per- form its predestined liberating role. ‘It is’, he concluded, ‘the suffo- cated and repressed, the betrayed and disowned revolutions that *This article is based on a lecture given at the GHIL on 21 Feb. 2006. 1 Sebastian Haffner, 1918/19: Eine deutsche Revolution (Reinbek bei Hamburg, 1979). 2 Ibid. p. 208. 3 Ibid. p. 209. 6 ‘A Very German Revolution’? destroy the health of a people. Germany continues to suffer as a result of the betrayed [1918] revolution to this day.’4 In this regard the dual nature of the revolution—in part a creature of Germany’s military, political, and economic leaders and in part a complex series of popular initiatives and uprisings—has nourished much of this debate. These two elements of the revolution—the ‘revo- lution from above’ and the ‘revolution from below’—coexisted very uneasily from the outset and by early 1919 had slid into direct, armed conflict with one another. Before turning to any reappraisal of these events, it might be helpful to review as briefly as possible some of the key events and orthodox interpretations of this German revolution.5 The so-called ‘revolution from above’ was based on growing co- operation between the Majority Social Democratic (MSPD), liberal, and Catholic parties in parliament, a rapprochement between trade union leaders and employers in the economy, and a readiness of ele- ments within the old imperial order during October 1918 to sanction the transformation of Germany from a semi-absolutist to a parlia- mentary monarchical order. Leaving aside for now the motives of the democratizing elements of this revolution from above, it is generally understood that the army and monarchy sanctioned these changes 4 Ibid. p. 213. 5 Discussion and debate reached its peak between the 1960s and 1980s, re- sulting in an essentially negative consensus on the revolution and its legacy. Among the vast literature, key works include Richard Bessel, Germany after the First World War (Oxford, 1993); Gerald D. Feldman, Army Industry and Labor in Germany, 1914–1918 (Princeton, 1966); Ulrich Kluge, Die deutsche Re- volution 1918/1919: Staat, Politik und Gesellschaft zwischen Weltkrieg und Kapp- Putsch (Frankfurt am Main, 1985); Jürgen Kocka, Facing Total War: German Society 1914–1918 (Leamington Spa, 1984); Gunther Mai, Das Ende des Kaiser- reichs: Politik und Kriegführung im Ersten Weltkrieg (Munich, 1987); Erich Matthias, Zwischen Räten und Geheimräten: Die deutsche Revolutionsbewegung, 1918–19 (Düsseldorf, 1969); Peter von Oertzen, Die Betriebsräte in der Novem- berrevolution (Düsseldorf, 1965); A. J. Ryder, The German Revolution of 1918: A Study of German Socialism in War and Revolt (Cambridge, 1967); Hagen Schulze, Weimar: Deutschland 1917–1933 (Berlin, 1994); Jürgen Tampke, The Ruhr and Revolution: The Revolutionary Movement in the Rhenish-Westphalian Industrial Region 1912–1919 (London, 1979); Walter Tormin, Zwischen Räte- diktatur und Sozialer
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