Die Hungerunruhen in Hamburg Im Juni 1919 – Eine Zweite Revolution?
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Nation and Working-Class
NATION AND WORKING-CLASS HEINRICH LAUFENBERG FR ITZ WOLFPH EIM P�ICE MARK 1.20. HAMBURG, END OF JULY, 1920. B U C H V E R L A G W I L L A S C H E K & C o. HA M B U R G 3. :: N E U E R STE f NW E 6 3 • 5. .o arplan rg_J I. Communism is the doctrine of the class struggle of the proletariat within capitalist society. Its goal is the destruction of the capitalist world-system and its replacement by the Commune of the world-economy. Its struggle and mission are international. The very existence of the bourgeoisie and proletariat is determined by the capitalist mode of production. The struggle between bourgeoisie and proletariat moves through nations, tearing them apart with the antagonisms between the classes in enemy camps. But as both classes can only exist so long as capitalist society lasts, at the end of their struggle class-antagonisms in every country will be abolished by the victorious proletariat. By smashing the capitalist form of economy and eradicating the capitalist class-society and wage system, the proletariat abolishes the bourgeoisie and, at the same time, itself as a non-propertied class. In doing so, it deprives class-divisions within nations of their foundations. Communist society sets all working members of a people [Volk] alongside one another, free and equal. It arises out of the socialized labor of a classless people, and comes to completion through the federalist integration of the economy of the classless nations [Völker] in the World Commune. -
'Left-Wing' Communism: an Infantile Disorder
Resistance Marxist Library ‘Left-Wing’ Communism: An Infantile Disorder V. I. Lenin 2 ‘Left-Wing’ Communism: An Infantile Disorder Acknowledgement: “The Communist Parties and Parliamentarism” © Pluto Press, London; reprinted by permission. Resistance Books 1999 ISBN 0909196 88 5 Published by Resistance Books, resistancebooks.com Contents Introduction by Doug Lorimer................................................................ 5 I. A popular exposition of Bolshevik strategy & tactics...................................... 5 II. The origin & development of Bolshevism...................................................... 6 III. Parliamentary democracy & the proletarian revolution................................. 8 IV. The German Revolution and the German communists............................... 10 V. Marxism & the working-class vanguard........................................................ 13 VI. Winning over the vanguard & winning over the masses.............................. 18 VII. Mass action & tactical compromises............................................................. 20 VIII. Mass action & the united-front tactic............................................................ 23 I. In What Sense We Can Speak of the International Significance of the Russian Revolution .........................27 II. An Essential Condition of the Bolsheviks’ Success ...... 30 III. The Principal Stages in the History of Bolshevism ....... 33 IV. The Struggle Against Which Enemies Within the Working-Class Movement Helped Bolshevism Develop, Gain -
The Kpd and the Nsdap: a Sttjdy of the Relationship Between Political Extremes in Weimar Germany, 1923-1933 by Davis William
THE KPD AND THE NSDAP: A STTJDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POLITICAL EXTREMES IN WEIMAR GERMANY, 1923-1933 BY DAVIS WILLIAM DAYCOCK A thesis submitted for the degree of Ph.D. The London School of Economics and Political Science, University of London 1980 1 ABSTRACT The German Communist Party's response to the rise of the Nazis was conditioned by its complicated political environment which included the influence of Soviet foreign policy requirements, the party's Marxist-Leninist outlook, its organizational structure and the democratic society of Weimar. Relying on the Communist press and theoretical journals, documentary collections drawn from several German archives, as well as interview material, and Nazi, Communist opposition and Social Democratic sources, this study traces the development of the KPD's tactical orientation towards the Nazis for the period 1923-1933. In so doing it complements the existing literature both by its extension of the chronological scope of enquiry and by its attention to the tactical requirements of the relationship as viewed from the perspective of the KPD. It concludes that for the whole of the period, KPD tactics were ambiguous and reflected the tensions between the various competing factors which shaped the party's policies. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE abbreviations 4 INTRODUCTION 7 CHAPTER I THE CONSTRAINTS ON CONFLICT 24 CHAPTER II 1923: THE FORMATIVE YEAR 67 CHAPTER III VARIATIONS ON THE SCHLAGETER THEME: THE CONTINUITIES IN COMMUNIST POLICY 1924-1928 124 CHAPTER IV COMMUNIST TACTICS AND THE NAZI ADVANCE, 1928-1932: THE RESPONSE TO NEW THREATS 166 CHAPTER V COMMUNIST TACTICS, 1928-1932: THE RESPONSE TO NEW OPPORTUNITIES 223 CHAPTER VI FLUCTUATIONS IN COMMUNIST TACTICS DURING 1932: DOUBTS IN THE ELEVENTH HOUR 273 CONCLUSIONS 307 APPENDIX I VOTING ALIGNMENTS IN THE REICHSTAG 1924-1932 333 APPENDIX II INTERVIEWS 335 BIBLIOGRAPHY 341 4 ABBREVIATIONS 1. -
National Bolshevism
TOTALLY LEFT. TOTALLY RIGHT. NATIONAL BOLSHEVISM Its Essence, Roots and Contemporary Relevance Peter Wilberg 2011 A publication of the National People’s Party in the U.K. Contents Introduction....................................................................................................................... 1 On the term ‘National Bolshevism’ ................................................................................... 4 ‘Social Revolutionary Nationalism’ versus ‘National Socialism’ ....................................... 4 National Bolshevism, National Socialism and ‘Strasserism’ ............................................. 6 ‘Naz-Bol’ versus ‘Nat-Bol’................................................................................................. 8 A New Spiritual and Philosophical Foundation for National Bolshevism ........................ 9 The Awareness Principle ................................................................................................. 11 Eurasianism..................................................................................................................... 13 Introduction This essay aims to provide a new political-economic focus and a new spiritual-philosophical foundation by which to redefine National Bolshevism – as Social Nationalism, National Marxism and National Communist - anti-capitalist, anti-fascist, anti-racist, anti-Zionist – and above all directed against the domination of all nations by the international banking and monetary system and its political puppets. The National Bolshevism -
The Communist Left in Germany 1918-1921
Gilles Dauvé and Denis Authier The Communist Left in Germany 1918-1921 With texts by: Laufenberg, Wolffheim, Gorter, Roland-Holst and Pfempfert Original Title: La Gauche Communiste en Allemagne (1918-1921) (First published in France in 1976) Translator’s Note This revised edition of The Communist Left in Germany: 1918-1921 retains the first, historical part of the original volume unaltered, with the exception of a few added editorial notes which were suggested by Gilles Dauvé. The second part of the book, which contains texts of the Ger- man Left, has been substantially changed in order to provide selections which have not yet, to the best of my knowledge, become available in English translation. Pannekoek’s The Theory of the Collapse of Capitalism, which is currently available in English translation at the website, marxists.org, has been replaced by several programmatic texts of the German Left and Pfempfert’s response to Lenin’s Left Wing Communism… In addition, Gilles Dauvé authorized the inclusion of an “Epilogue” which he wrote in 2004 and which gives the reader an idea of how his conceptions regarding the subject matter of this book have evolved since it was origi- nally published in 1976. M. DeSocio September 5, 2006 html source [ http://us.share.geocities.com/collectiveact/dauve11.htm ] INDEX Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................7 Chapter 1. Germany in 1914 .....................................................................................................................................19 -
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;ii:!i'' ;r'r'":::"':'ir:" ::;l;i;;;;liriri:i:l;; r i z i H Wissenschafrliche Einrichtung an der Universfrät Hamburg geim Schlump 83 20144 Hamburs Nutzungsbedingungen der retrodigitalisierten Veröffentlichungen der Forschungsstelle für Zeitgeschichte in Hamburg Die retrodigitalisierten Veröffentlichungen der Forschungsstelle für Zeitgeschich- te in Hamburg (FZH) werden zur nichtkommerziellen Nutzung gebührenfrei an- geboten. Die digitalen Medien srnd im lnternet frei zugänglich und können für persönliche und wissenschaftliche Zwecke heruntergeladen und verwendet wer- den. Jede Form der kommerziellen Verwendung (einschließlich elektronischer For- men) bedarf der vorherigen schriftlichen Zustimmung der FZH, vorbehaltlich des Rechtes, die Nutzung im Einzelfall zu untersagen. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Aufnahme in kommerzielle Datenbanken. Die Verwendung zusammenhängender Teilbestände der retrodigitalisierten Ver- öffentlichungen auf nichtkommerziellen Webseiten bedarf gesonderter Zustim- mung der FZH. Wir behalten uns das Recht vor, im Einzelfall die Nutzung auf Webseiten und in Publikationen zu untersagen- Es ist nicht gestattet, Texte, Bilder, Metadaten und andere lnformationen aus den retrodigitalisierten Veröffentlichungen zu ändern, an Dritte zu lizenzieren oder zu verkaufen. Mit dem Herunterladen von Texten und Daten erkennen Sie diese Nutzungs- bedingungen an. Dies schließt die Benutzerhaftung für die Einhaltung dieser Bedingungen beziehungsweise bei missbräuchlicher Verwendung jedweder Art ein. Kontakt: Forschungsstelle für Zeitgeschichte -
Paetel History 1918-32
German National Bolshevism 1918 to 1932 Karl Otto Paetel At present, when political tendencies in West Germany, groups or individuals are described as "national-Bolsheviks" (with the intention of creating controversy and a pejorative undertone, as for "trotzkisti " or "titisti"), we mean East- oriented and pro-Russian tendencies, groups or people, or at least sympathizers. But this definition is not enough to characterize the movement that, between the end of the First World War and Hitler's seizure of power, attracted the attention of the theoretical-political spheres, to the "extreme right" as well as to the "extreme left" in many ways and with the same name. On both sides, the movement was fundamentally based on internal political motivations: the revolutionary socialists rallied around the idea of the nation because they saw it as the only way to put socialism into practice. The staunch nationalists tended towards the "left" because, according to them, the destinies of the nation could only be entrusted through trust to a new ruling class. Left and right united in a common hatred of everything they called Western imperialism, the main symbol of which was the Treaty of Versailles and the guarantor, the "Weimar system". So it was almost inevitable that we would turn, in foreign policy, to Russia, which had not taken part in the Treaty of Versailles. The "national" circles did so with the intention of continuing the policy of Baron von Stein, of the Tauroggen Convention and finally that of Bismarck 's "counter-insurance"; the dissenting left, for its part, despite the often violent criticisms it formulated against the international communist policy of the Soviet Union, remained convinced of the socialist character, therefore related to it, of the USSR, and awaited the formation of a common front against the Bourgeois and capitalist West. -
'Localist' Trade Unionism in the German Building Industry, 1868-1893 JOHN
Lokalisten and Sozialdemokraten: ‘localist’ trade unionism in the German building industry, 1868-1893 JOHN GODDARD UCL Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1 I, John Goddard, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. ...................................................................... 2 ‘Lokalisten and Sozialdemokraten: ‘localist’ trade unionism in the German building industry, 1868-1893’ This study looks at the first part of what for want of a better term could be described as the ‘pre-history’ of German syndicalism, that is, at its earliest roots among building worker supporters of the ‘localist’ conception of trade union organization before 1893. Its aim is not to ‘uncover’ the localist movement’s history for the benefit of English- speaking readers unfamiliar with it but, rather, to seek to find in the earlier history of this movement an explanation as to why a branch of trade unionism which initially defined itself as a tactical response to restrictive state legislation (above all, the Prussian Law of Association of 11th March 1850) continued to exist after the ban which most local laws of association placed on political association was over-written by national legislation which guaranteed the right to such (for men) in December 1899. How did a ‘tactical response’ come to assume a longevity none of its earlier advocates had foreseen? This begs a second question: how significant, then, was the legal framework? It is my belief that the answers to these questions can already be found in the localist building worker movement’s earlier history. -
'The Communist
Inte~national Supplement of } 'THE COMMUNIST Vol. II·, Supplement to No.6. JUNE I, 1920. Greetings to Communists Abroad ALetter From N. LENIN NE'wS from abroad Is scarce and scanty. The The Scheidemanns, and Kautzkys, the Renners All these dlssensionR are quite Irreconcilable. blockade by the wild beasts of Imperialism Is and Friedr-lch Adlers, have shown themselves base There can be no peace between proletarian world strangling us, and all the forces of the most power. traitors and betrayers of Socialism, and partisans revolutionaries and the small bourgeoisie, which, ful nations of the world are used against us for of the bourgeoisie. They all signed the Basel manL like Its proto-type of 1948, worships bourgeois the re-establishment of the exploiters. The fierce festo in 1912 on the impending Imperialist war. democracy, obliVious of the latter's bourgeois char hatred which the capitalists of Russia and of the They all talked, then of the "proletarian revolu acter. These two cannot work together. Haase entire world feel towards the Soviet Republic Is tion," and all proved to be In reality nothing but and Kautzky, Friedrich Adler and Otto Bauer. may camouflaged by high_sounding phrases about the small-bourge,ols democrats, knights of bourgeolse twist and turn, they may fill reams of paper and "real democracy." republican and bourgeoise-democratic illusions and dleiver no end of speeches, but the fact remaIns The fraternity of exploiters Is true to Its own helpers of the counter-revolutionary bourgeoisie. that, In reality, they are incapable of understanding traditions: It represents bourgeois democracy to be The fierce persecution of the German Communists the dictatorship of proletariat and the Soviet Power. -
Transnational Cigar-Makers: Cross-Border Labour Markets, Strikes, and Solidarity at the Time of the First International (1864–1873)*
IRSH 59 (2014), pp. 409–442 doi:10.1017/S0020859014000443 r 2014 Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis Transnational Cigar-Makers: Cross-Border Labour Markets, Strikes, and Solidarity at the Time of the First International (1864–1873)* A D K NOTTER Sociaal Historisch Centrum voor Limburg at Maastricht University Sint-Pieterstraat 7, 6211 JM Maastricht, The Netherlands E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Several authors have argued that one of the main goals of the International Working Men’s Association was to control transnational labour markets. In the eyes of trade unionists, especially in Britain, uncontrolled cross-border migratory movements threatened to undermine wage standards and working conditions. Their solution was to organize internationally, both to prevent strike-breaking and wage-cutting by workers from abroad, and to support unions elsewhere to raise wage standards in their home countries. Cigar-makers operated on a cross-border labour market and were very prominent in the First International. In this article I describe the connections between the German, British, Dutch, Belgian, and American cigar-makers as migratory workers, and their actions to stimulate, support, and coordinate trade unions internationally. I argue that the international cooperation of cigar-makers was primarily motivated by a wish to regulate their cross-border labour market, not so much by an abstract ideal of international solidarity. In one of his many pleas for a transnational labour history, Marcel van der Linden -
Umschlag 2008 Final
Zeitgeschichte in Hamburg 2008 Zeitgeschichte in Hamburg Nachrichten aus der Forschungsstelle für Zeitgeschichte in Hamburg (FZH) 2008 Zeitgeschichte in Hamburg 2008 Abbildungsnachweis Titel und Seite 21: Bildarchiv Denkmalschutzamt Hamburg Impressum Herausgeber: Forschungsstelle für Zeitgeschichte in Hamburg Hamburg, 2009 Redaktion: Frank Bajohr, Maike Raap, Christoph Strupp, Dorothee Wierling Gestaltung: Andrea Orth Grafik, Hamburg Druck: Drucktechnik Altona 1. Auflage März 2009 Inhalt Vorwort 7 Ursula Wöst Über Hamburg in die Welt. Zur Bedeutung der Auswanderung über den Hamburger Hafen zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts 10 Frank Bajohr Hochburg des Internationalismus. Hamburger „Außenpolitik“ in den 1950er und 1960er Jahren 25 Wiebke Kolbe Reisen zu den Schlachtfeldern des Zweiten Weltkriegs 44 Knud Andresen „Ausbildung ja – Bierholen nein“. Drei Formen des Lehr- lingsprotestes 1969/70 55 Ursula Büttner Konflikt und Kooperation. Das „Stinnes-Legien-Abkommen“ vom November 1918 als Wendepunkt in den Beziehungen der deutschen Gewerkschaften und Arbeitgeber. Tagungsbericht 70 Linde Apel Lebendige Erinnerungskultur. Von der Wiederentdeckung eines „authentischen Ortes“ 76 Lina Nikou Das Hamburger „Besuchsprogramm für jüdische ehemalige Bürgerinnen und Bürger“ 86 Angelika Voß-Louis Das FZH-Archiv – jetzt online 89 Tätigkeitsbericht der FZH für das Jahr 2008 93 Vorwort Zum sechsten Mal legt die Forschungsstelle für Zeitgeschichte in Hamburg (FZH) ihren Tätigkeitsbericht in Form einer Publikation vor, die auch diesmal wieder um einige zeitgeschichtliche Beiträge ergänzt ist. Sie entstanden im Rahmen von Kolloquien und Vortragsreihen oder stellen einzelne Forschungsprojekte der FZH näher vor. Unsere hoffnungsfrohen Prognosen aus dem letzten Jahr haben sich be- stätigt. Der Umzug der Forschungsstelle für Zeitgeschichte vom Schanzenviertel in ein neues Domizil in unmittelbarer Nähe des Campus der Universität Ham- burg hat sich gelohnt. -
Die Hungerunruhen in Hamburg Im Juni 1919 – Eine Zweite Revolution?
Uwe Schulte-Varendorff Die Hungerunruhen in Hamburg im Juni 1919 – eine zweite Revolution? Verein für Hamburgische Geschichte Beiträge zur Geschichte Hamburgs | Band 65 Hamburg University Press Die Hungerunruhen in Hamburg im Juni 1919 – eine zweite Revolution? Beiträge zur Geschichte Hamburgs Herausgegeben vom Verein für Hamburgische Geschichte Band 65 Uwe Schulte-Varendorff Die Hungerunruhen in Hamburg im Juni 1919 – eine zweite Revolution? Hamburg University Press Verlag der Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky Impressum Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Die Online-Version dieser Publikation ist auf den Verlagswebseiten frei verfügbar (open access). Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek hat die Netzpublikation archiviert. Diese ist dauerhaft auf dem Archivserver der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek verfügbar. Open access über die folgenden Webseiten: Hamburg University Press – http://hup.sub.uni-hamburg.de/purl/HamburgUP_BGH65_Schulte-Varendorff Archivserver der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek – http://deposit.d-nb.de ISBN 978-3-937816-63-0 (Printausgabe) ISSN 0175-4831 (Printausgabe) © 2010 Hamburg University Press, Verlag der Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, Deutschland Gestaltung des Covers: Benjamin Guzinski, Hamburg Abbildungen auf dem Cover: Vorn: Nach Beendigung der Beschießung des Rathauses versammeln sich Menschen auf dem Rathausplatz, um sich über die Lage zu informieren (Ende Juni 1919). Quelle: StAHH, Plankammer, 221-5 1918.21.1. Hinten: Volkswehrwache vor dem Gebäude des „Hamburger Echo“ (Januar 1919): Quelle: StAHH, Plankammer, 221-5 1918.9.1. Produktion: Elbe-Werkstätten GmbH, Hamburg, Deutschland http://www.ew-gmbh.de Inhalt Einleitung . 7 Die Vorgeschichte – die Hungerunruhen in Hamburg vom Beginn des Ersten Weltkriegs bis zum Juni 1919 .