National Bolshevism
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Colloquium Paper January 12, 1984 STALINISM VERSUS
Colloquium Paper January 12, 1984 STALINISM VERSUS BOLSHEVISM? A Reconsideration by Robert C. Tucker Princeton University with comment by Peter Reddaway London School of Economics and Political Science Fellows Kennan Institute for Advanced Russian Studies Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Draft paper not for publication or quotation without written permission from the authors. STALINISM VERSUS BOLSHEVISM? A Reconsideration Although not of ten openly debated~ the issue I propose to address is probably the deepest and most divisive in Soviet studies. There is good ground for Stephen Cohen's characterization of it as a "quintessential his torical and interpretive question"! because it transcends most of the others and has to do with the whole of Russia's historical development since the Bolshevik Revolution. He formulates it as the question of the relationship "between Bolshevism and Stalinism.'' Since the very existence of something properly called Stalinism is at issue here, I prefer a somewhat different mode of formulation. There are two (and curiously, only two) basically opposed positions on the course of development that Soviet Russia took starting around 1929 when Stalin, having ousted his opponents on the Left and the Right, achieved primacy, although not yet autocratic primacy, within the Soviet regime. The first position, Which may be seen as the orthodox one, sees that course of development as the fulfillment, under new conditions, of Lenin's Bolshevism. All the main actions taken by the Soviet regime under Stalin's leadership were, in other words, the fulfillment of what had been prefigured in Leninism (as Lenin's Bolshevism came to be called after Lenin died). -
Nation and Working-Class
NATION AND WORKING-CLASS HEINRICH LAUFENBERG FR ITZ WOLFPH EIM P�ICE MARK 1.20. HAMBURG, END OF JULY, 1920. B U C H V E R L A G W I L L A S C H E K & C o. HA M B U R G 3. :: N E U E R STE f NW E 6 3 • 5. .o arplan rg_J I. Communism is the doctrine of the class struggle of the proletariat within capitalist society. Its goal is the destruction of the capitalist world-system and its replacement by the Commune of the world-economy. Its struggle and mission are international. The very existence of the bourgeoisie and proletariat is determined by the capitalist mode of production. The struggle between bourgeoisie and proletariat moves through nations, tearing them apart with the antagonisms between the classes in enemy camps. But as both classes can only exist so long as capitalist society lasts, at the end of their struggle class-antagonisms in every country will be abolished by the victorious proletariat. By smashing the capitalist form of economy and eradicating the capitalist class-society and wage system, the proletariat abolishes the bourgeoisie and, at the same time, itself as a non-propertied class. In doing so, it deprives class-divisions within nations of their foundations. Communist society sets all working members of a people [Volk] alongside one another, free and equal. It arises out of the socialized labor of a classless people, and comes to completion through the federalist integration of the economy of the classless nations [Völker] in the World Commune. -
'Left-Wing' Communism: an Infantile Disorder
Resistance Marxist Library ‘Left-Wing’ Communism: An Infantile Disorder V. I. Lenin 2 ‘Left-Wing’ Communism: An Infantile Disorder Acknowledgement: “The Communist Parties and Parliamentarism” © Pluto Press, London; reprinted by permission. Resistance Books 1999 ISBN 0909196 88 5 Published by Resistance Books, resistancebooks.com Contents Introduction by Doug Lorimer................................................................ 5 I. A popular exposition of Bolshevik strategy & tactics...................................... 5 II. The origin & development of Bolshevism...................................................... 6 III. Parliamentary democracy & the proletarian revolution................................. 8 IV. The German Revolution and the German communists............................... 10 V. Marxism & the working-class vanguard........................................................ 13 VI. Winning over the vanguard & winning over the masses.............................. 18 VII. Mass action & tactical compromises............................................................. 20 VIII. Mass action & the united-front tactic............................................................ 23 I. In What Sense We Can Speak of the International Significance of the Russian Revolution .........................27 II. An Essential Condition of the Bolsheviks’ Success ...... 30 III. The Principal Stages in the History of Bolshevism ....... 33 IV. The Struggle Against Which Enemies Within the Working-Class Movement Helped Bolshevism Develop, Gain -
Introduction
Introduction Entangled Far Rights A Russian-European Intellectual Romance in the Twentieth Century Marlene Laruelle ince the early 2010s and more visibly since the Ukrainian crisis in 2014, Russia’s support for the European Far Right—and for conservative and S populist leaders more globally—has become a cornerstone of the West’s perception of Moscow as a “spoiler” on the international scene. Russia is now perceived as a danger to “established democracies”: its support for far- right politics is interpreted as part of a broader strategy that also includes supposed meddling in elections and referendums—the 2016 U.S. presiden- tial elections, Brexit, and the Catalonia referendum, among others. Many observers expected that Russia, if it chose to intervene on the European political scene, would reactivate Soviet soft power toward the European Left. The fact that Russia’s most fervent supporters are now to be found on the right of the ideological spectrum therefore came as a surprise. Two key points explain the present reality. The first is that the Europe- an Left has undergone dramatic changes since the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union. Although the European Left’s stance on international affairs may share some ideological features with Russia’s position—such as being anti-NATO, cautious toward transatlantic insti- tutions, and reluctant to see a too neoliberal European Union gain more power over nation-states—both are deeply divided on societal issues. Both the “old” Left, which maintains a certain proximity to communism, and the “new” Left, as it has emerged in Greece, Spain, and among many an- 1 © 2018 University of Pittsburgh Press. -
Die Hungerunruhen in Hamburg Im Juni 1919 – Eine Zweite Revolution?
Uwe Schulte-Varendorff Die Hungerunruhen in Hamburg im Juni 1919 – eine zweite Revolution? Verein für Hamburgische Geschichte Beiträge zur Geschichte Hamburgs | Band 65 Hamburg University Press Die Hungerunruhen in Hamburg im Juni 1919 – eine zweite Revolution? Beiträge zur Geschichte Hamburgs Herausgegeben vom Verein für Hamburgische Geschichte Band 65 Uwe Schulte-Varendorff Die Hungerunruhen in Hamburg im Juni 1919 – eine zweite Revolution? Hamburg University Press Verlag der Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky Impressum Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d‐nb.de abrufbar. Die Online‐Version dieser Publikation ist auf den Verlagswebseiten frei verfügbar (open access). Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek hat die Netzpublikation archiviert. Diese ist dauerhaft auf dem Archivserver der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek verfügbar. Open access über die folgenden Webseiten: Hamburg University Press – http://hup.sub.uni‐hamburg.de/purl/HamburgUP_BGH65_Schulte‐Varendorff Archivserver der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek – http://deposit.d‐nb.de ISBN 978‐3‐937816‐63‐0 ISSN 0175‐4831 © 2010 Hamburg University Press, Verlag der Staats‐ und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, Deutschland Gestaltung des Covers: Benjamin Guzinski, Hamburg Abbildungen mauf de Cover: Vorn: Nach Beendigung der Beschießung des Rathauses versammeln sich Menschen auf dem Rathausplatz, um sich über die Lage zu informieren (Ende Juni 1919). Quelle: StAHH, Plankammer, 221‐5 1918.21.1. Hinten: Volkswehrwache vor dem Gebäude des „Hamburger Echo“ (Januar 1919): Quelle: StAHH, Plankammer, 221‐5 1918.9.1. Produktion: Elbe‐Werkstätten GmbH, Hamburg, Deutschland http://www.ew‐gmbh.de Veröffentlicht mit Unterstützung der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Stiftung. Inhalt Einleitung . -
The Kpd and the Nsdap: a Sttjdy of the Relationship Between Political Extremes in Weimar Germany, 1923-1933 by Davis William
THE KPD AND THE NSDAP: A STTJDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POLITICAL EXTREMES IN WEIMAR GERMANY, 1923-1933 BY DAVIS WILLIAM DAYCOCK A thesis submitted for the degree of Ph.D. The London School of Economics and Political Science, University of London 1980 1 ABSTRACT The German Communist Party's response to the rise of the Nazis was conditioned by its complicated political environment which included the influence of Soviet foreign policy requirements, the party's Marxist-Leninist outlook, its organizational structure and the democratic society of Weimar. Relying on the Communist press and theoretical journals, documentary collections drawn from several German archives, as well as interview material, and Nazi, Communist opposition and Social Democratic sources, this study traces the development of the KPD's tactical orientation towards the Nazis for the period 1923-1933. In so doing it complements the existing literature both by its extension of the chronological scope of enquiry and by its attention to the tactical requirements of the relationship as viewed from the perspective of the KPD. It concludes that for the whole of the period, KPD tactics were ambiguous and reflected the tensions between the various competing factors which shaped the party's policies. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE abbreviations 4 INTRODUCTION 7 CHAPTER I THE CONSTRAINTS ON CONFLICT 24 CHAPTER II 1923: THE FORMATIVE YEAR 67 CHAPTER III VARIATIONS ON THE SCHLAGETER THEME: THE CONTINUITIES IN COMMUNIST POLICY 1924-1928 124 CHAPTER IV COMMUNIST TACTICS AND THE NAZI ADVANCE, 1928-1932: THE RESPONSE TO NEW THREATS 166 CHAPTER V COMMUNIST TACTICS, 1928-1932: THE RESPONSE TO NEW OPPORTUNITIES 223 CHAPTER VI FLUCTUATIONS IN COMMUNIST TACTICS DURING 1932: DOUBTS IN THE ELEVENTH HOUR 273 CONCLUSIONS 307 APPENDIX I VOTING ALIGNMENTS IN THE REICHSTAG 1924-1932 333 APPENDIX II INTERVIEWS 335 BIBLIOGRAPHY 341 4 ABBREVIATIONS 1. -
NATIONAL BOLSHEVISM in WEIMAR GERMANY Allianceof Political Extremes Against Democracy
NATIONAL BOLSHEVISM IN WEIMAR GERMANY Allianceof Political Extremes Against Democracy BY ABRAHAM ASCHER AND GUENTER LEWY JLhe sharewhich both the nationalist right and theCommunist lefthad in bringingabout the downfallof Weimardemocracy hasbeen generally recognized by students of German history. But the equallycommon view thatthese forces of extremisminde- pendentlycarried on theiragitation against the Republicneeds revision.While these movements seemingly represented the two poles of the politicalspectrum, in actualitythey had consider- able attractionfor each other. As a matterof fact,at certain crucialmoments during the 1920sthis attraction culminated in seriousattempts to achievea workingalliance and an ideological synthesis.This startlingrapprochement between right and left, knownin Germanyas NationalBolshevism, was facilitatedby thefriendly relations between democratic Germany and Commu- nistRussia after World War I. SinceNational Bolshevism had adherentsamong both extremes of the Germanpolitical scene, it neverreally emerged as one welldefined doctrine with the same meaning for all itsadvocates. It alwaysremained a seriesof nebulousgeneralities to which each side gave its own interpretation,designed to serveits par- ticularinterests. The Communistsresorted to National Bol- shevismin orderto exploitthe nationalisticsentiment so wide- spreadin Germany;nationalists espoused it to enlistthe socialist massesfor their program of liberationfrom Versailles and impe- rialistexpansion. The commonground was their conviction that each stoodto -
The Communist Left in Germany 1918-1921
Gilles Dauvé and Denis Authier The Communist Left in Germany 1918-1921 With texts by: Laufenberg, Wolffheim, Gorter, Roland-Holst and Pfempfert Original Title: La Gauche Communiste en Allemagne (1918-1921) (First published in France in 1976) Translator’s Note This revised edition of The Communist Left in Germany: 1918-1921 retains the first, historical part of the original volume unaltered, with the exception of a few added editorial notes which were suggested by Gilles Dauvé. The second part of the book, which contains texts of the Ger- man Left, has been substantially changed in order to provide selections which have not yet, to the best of my knowledge, become available in English translation. Pannekoek’s The Theory of the Collapse of Capitalism, which is currently available in English translation at the website, marxists.org, has been replaced by several programmatic texts of the German Left and Pfempfert’s response to Lenin’s Left Wing Communism… In addition, Gilles Dauvé authorized the inclusion of an “Epilogue” which he wrote in 2004 and which gives the reader an idea of how his conceptions regarding the subject matter of this book have evolved since it was origi- nally published in 1976. M. DeSocio September 5, 2006 html source [ http://us.share.geocities.com/collectiveact/dauve11.htm ] INDEX Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................7 Chapter 1. Germany in 1914 .....................................................................................................................................19 -
Literary Mythologies of Destruction and the Performance of Russian
The Homeland Is Death: Literary Mythologies of Destruction and the Performance of Russian-ness in Soviet/Post-Soviet Punk Rock Counter-Cultures By Matthew Tappert Submitted To Central European University Nationalism Studies Program In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts CEU eTD Collection Supervisor: András Pap Budapest, Hungary 2016 Abstract The 1980s and 1990s were a time of rapid proliferation of identities throughout the former Soviet Union as citizens of all ethnic backgrounds and on all points of the political spectrum attempted to make sense of the Soviet legacy. Although many of the new nationalists spoke in terms of revival of a pre-Soviet national identity and pride after decades of suppression under the socialists, this view has been challenged both by scholars of nationalism who emphasize its artificial and imagined character and by scholars of Soviet politics and culture who have recently drawn greater attention to the ambiguities and contradictions of late Soviet life, pointing out the ways that ideology was performed and subverted in the post-Stalin period. This thesis contributes to both nationalism studies and the study of late Soviet aesthetics and culture by exploring the relationship between the Siberian anarchist counter-culture of the 1980s and the crypto-fascist National-Bolshevik Party of the 1990s and 2000s. By studying the textual and non-textual content of the manifestos and actions of these communities, it attempts to find the thread of continuity between their forms of left-wing and right-wing resistance, ultimately locating it in specifically Russian literary mythologies about suffering and sacrifice which were coming back into prominence in the later decades of the USSR and which were operationalized by radical nationalist movements after its collapse. -
Putin's Youth
Putin’s Youth: Nashi and the Pro-Regime Youth Movement in Russia, 2000-2012 Angela Lee Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Prerequisite for Honors in History May 2013 © 2013 Angela Lee Table of Contents page I. Acknowledgments……………………………………………………………………………iii II. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………1 III. Background: The Komsomol, 1918-1991 ……………………….………………...…………4 IV. Chapter 1: Idushchie Vmeste, 2000-2005……………………………………...……………17 V. Chapter 2: Nashi Emerges, 2005-2008………………………………….…………………..31 VI. Chapter 3: Nashi Recedes, 2008-2012…………………………….………………………...55 VII. Conclusion.…………………………………………………………………………………..66 VIII. Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………………69 ii Acknowledgments I would like to thank my advisor, Professor Nina Tumarkin for her patience, sound guidance, and endlessly good humor. I would also like to thank all my History professors at Wellesley for their dedication to teaching and their passion for the subject, and also to the Russian Language Department for making the process of learning Russian a joy during this past year. I am grateful to those who were part of the History Honors Thesis Seminar for the rich discussions and thought-provoking questions. I am thankful to Professors Mark Kramer, Ivan Kurilla, Valerie Sperling, and Elizabeth Wood for their willingness to direct me to the right sources for my research. And finally, I am indebted to the love and support of my parents and siblings for all these years. iii Introduction “The question for Russia now is what to do next. How can we make the new, market -
Crisis in Russian Studies? Nationalism (Imperialism), Racism and War
Crisis in Russian Studies? Nationalism (Imperialism), Racism and War TARAS KUZIO This e-book is provided without charge via free download by E-International Relations (www.E-IR.info). It is not permitted to be sold in electronic format under any circumstances. If you enjoy our free e-books, please consider leaving a small donation to allow us to continue investing in open access publications: http://www.e-ir.info/about/donate/ i Crisis in Russian Studies? Nationalism (Imperialism), Racism and War TARAS KUZIO ii E-International Relations www.E-IR.info Bristol, England 2020 ISBN 978-1-910814-55-0 This book is published under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC 4.0 license. You are free to: • Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format • Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material Under the following terms: • Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. • NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes. Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission. Please contact [email protected] for any such enquiries, including for licensing and translation requests. Other than the terms noted above, there are no restrictions placed on the use and dissemination of this book for student learning materials/scholarly use. Production: Michael Tang Cover Image: Triff/Shutterstock A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. -
Sacred Geography, Nationhood and Perennial Traditionalism in Alexander Dugin's Neo-Eurasianist Philosophy
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2015 Against the Thalassocracy: Sacred Geography, Nationhood and Perennial Traditionalism in Alexander Dugin's Neo-Eurasianist Philosophy Jonathan Rushbrook Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Rushbrook, Jonathan, "Against the Thalassocracy: Sacred Geography, Nationhood and Perennial Traditionalism in Alexander Dugin's Neo-Eurasianist Philosophy" (2015). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 6542. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/6542 This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Against the Thalassocracy: Sacred Geography, Nationhood and Perennial Traditionalism in Alexander Dugin’s Neo-Eurasianist Philosophy Jonathan Rushbrook Thesis submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial