[4EE LkE JRR&j1 [NATIONAOIRESEAR TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 1985 Officers Chairman JOHN A. CLEMENTS, President, Highway Users Federation for Safety and Mobility Vice Chairman LESTER A. HOEL, Hamilton Proftssor and Chairman. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Virginia Secretary THOMAS B. DEEN, Executive Director, Transportation Research Board Members RAY A. BARNHART, Federal Highway Administrator, US. Department of Transportation (cx officio) JOSEPH M. CLAPP, Vice Chairman, Corporate Services, Roadway Services. Inc. (cx officio, Past Chairman, 1984) LAWRENCE D. DAHMS. Executive Director, Metropolitan Transportation Commission, Berkeley, California (cx officio, Past chairman, 1983) DONALD D. ENGEN, Federal Aviation Administrator, US. Department of Transportation (cx officio) FRANCIS B. FRANCOIS, Executive Director, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (ex officio) WILLIAM J. HARRIS, JR., Vice President for Research and Test Department, Association of American Railroads (cx officio) RALPH STANLEY, Urban Mass Transportation Administrator, US. Department of Transportation (Cx officio) DIANE STEED, National Highway Traffic Safety Administrator, U.S. Department of Transportation (cx officio) ALAN A. ALTSHULER, Dean, Graduate School of Public Administration, New York University DUANE BERENTSON, Secretary, Washington State Department of Transportation JOHN R. BORCHERT, Regents Professor, Department of Geography, University of Minnesota ROBERT D. BUGHER, Executive Director. american Public Works Association, Chicago ERNEST E. DEAN, Executive Director, Dallas/Fort Worth Airport MORTIMER L. DOWNEY, Deputy Executive Director for Capital Programs, Metropolitan Transportation Authority, New York JACK R. GILSTRAP, Executive Vice President, American Public Transit Association, Washington, D.C. MARK G. GOODE, Engineer-Director, Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation WILLIAM K. HELLMAN, Secretary, Maryland Department of Transportation LOWELL B. JACKSON, Secretary, Wisconsin Department of Transportation JOHN B. KEMP, Secretary Kansas Department of Transportation - ALAN F. KIEPPER, General Manager, Metropolitan Transit Authority, Houston HAROLD C. KING, Commissioner, Virginia Department of Highways and Transportation DARRELL V. MANNING, Adjutant General, Idaho National Guard, Boise JAMES E. MARTIN, President and Chief Operating Officer, Illinois Central Gulf Railroad FUJIO MATSUDA, Executive Director. University of Hawaii JAMES K. MITCHELL, Profesor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of California WALTER W. SIMPSON, Vice President-Engineering, Norfolk Southern Corporation LEO J. TROMBATORE, Director, California Department of Transportation NATIONAL COOPERATIVE TRANSIT RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM Transportation Research Board Executive Committee Subcommittee for the NCTRP JACK R. GILSTRAP, American Public Transit Association JOHN A. CLEMENTS, Highway. Users Federation for Safety and Mobility (Chair- WILLIAM J. HARRIS, JR., Association of American Railroads man) RALPH STANLEY, Urban Mass Transportation Administration LESTER A. HOEL, University of Virginia THOMAS B. DEEN, Transportation Research Board - JOSEPH M. CLAPP, Roadway Express, Inc. Field of Planning Area of Impact Analysis Project Panel 840-3 KATHLEEN E. STEIN-HUDSON, New York Dept. of City Planning (Chairman) SUSAN STROPES, AC Transit STEVEN F. BLOOMFIELD, Dept. of Neighborhood Housing & Conservation BRIAN E. SULLIVAN, Alberta Department of Economic Development ALINDA BURKE, Trans-Action VIJKAN VUCHIC, University of Pennsylvania ROBERT T. DUNPHY, Houston-Galveston Area Council EDWARD L. THOMAS, UMTA Liaison Representative BRUCE HUTCHINSON, University of Waterloo FRANK J. CIHAK, TSfJ Liaison Representative KENNETH COOK, TRB Liaison Representative Program Staff ROBERT J. REILLY, Director, Cooperative Research Programs CRAWFORD F. JENCKS, Projects Engineer ROBERT E. SPICHER, Deputy Director R. IAN KINGHAM, Projects Engineer LOUIS M. MACGREGOR, Administrative Engineer HARRY A. SMITH, Projects Engineer IAN M. FRIEDLAND, Projects Engineer HELEN MACK, Editor NATIONAL COOPERATIVE TRANSITRESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM Report 12 Strategies to Implement Benefit-Sharing for Fixed-Transit Facilities J. A. HOWARD SG Associates, Inc. Annandale, Virginia G. RIVKIN and S. BRECHER Rlvkin Associates, Inc. Washington, D.C. L. HEDER Moore-Hedér Architects and Urban Designers Cambridge, Massachusetts AREAS OF INTEREST Administration Planning Finance -I (Public Transit) RESEARCH SPONSORED BY THE URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ADMINISTRATION OFTHE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL WASHINGTON, D.C. JULY 1985 NATIONAL COOPERATIVE TRANSIT RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM Administrators, engineers, and many others in the transit in- NCTRP REPORT 12 dustry are faced with a multitude of complex problems that range between local, regional, and national in their prevalence. Project 40-3 FY '82/FY '83 How they might be solved is open to a variety of approaches; ISSN 0732-4839 however, it is an established fact that a highly effective approach ISBN 0-30903857-X to problems of widespread commonality is one is which oper- Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 85-50733 ating agencies join cooperatively to support, both in financial PrIce: $14.00 and other participatory respects, systematic research that is well designed, practically oriented, and carried out by highly com- petent researchers. As problems grow rapidly in number and NOTICE escalate in complexity, the value of an orderly, high-quality The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the National Cooperative cooperative endeavor likewise escalates. Transit Research & Development Program conducted by the Transportation Re- search Board with the approval of the Governing Boardof the National Research Recognizing this in light of the many needs of the transit Council. Such approval reflects the Governing Board's judgment that the program industry at large, the Urban Mass Transportation Administra- concerned is of national importance and appropriate with respect to both the tion, U.S. Department of Transportation, got under way in 1980 purposes and resources of the National Research Council. The members of the technical committee selected to monitor this project and the National Cooperative Transit Research & Development Pro- to review this report were chosen for recognized scholarly competence and with gram (NCTRP). This is an objective national program that due consideration for the balance of disciplines appropriate to the project. The provides a mechanism by which UMTA's principal client groups opinions and conclusions expressed or implied are those of the research agency that performed the research, and, while they have been accepted as appropriate across the nation can join cooperatively in an attempt to solve by the technical committee, they are not necessarily those of the Transportation near-term public transportation problems through applied re- Research Board, the National Research Council, or the Urban Mass Transpor- search, development, test, and evaluation. The client groups tation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Each report is reviewed and accepted for publication by the technical committee thereby have a channel through which they can directly influ- according to procedures established and,monitored by the Transportation Research ence a portion of UMTA's annual activities in transit technology Board Executive Comnsittee and the Governing Board of the National Research Council. development and deployment. Although present funding of the The National Research Council was established by the National Academy of NCTRP is entirely from UMTA's Section 6 funds, the planning Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with leading to inception of the Program envisioned that UMTA's the Academy's purposes of furthering know!edge and of advising the Federal Government. The Council has become the principal operating agency of both the client groups would join ultimately in providing additional sup- National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in the port, thereby enabling the Program to address a large number conduct of their services to the government, the public, and the scientific and of problems each year. engineering communities. It is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. The National Academy of Engineering and the Institute of The NCTRP operates by means of agreements between Medicine were established in 1964 and 1970, respectively, under the charter of UMTA as the sponsor and (1) the National Research Council the National Academy of Sciences. as the Primary Technical Contractor (FTC) responsible for ad- The Transportation Research Board evolved in 1974 from the Highway Re- search Board which was established in 1920. The TRB incorporates all former ministrative and technical services, (2) the American Public HRB activities and also performs additional functions under a broader scope Transit Association, responsible for operation of a Technical involving all modes of transportation and the interactions of transportation with society. Steering Group (TSG) comprised of representatives of transit operators, local government officials, State DOT officials, and officials from UMTA's Office of Technical Assistance. SpecIal NotIce Research Programs for the NCTRP are developed annually by the