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Gender Relations in Post-Genocide Rwanda
Women’s Status and Gender Relations in Post-Genocide Rwanda This page was generated automatically upon download from the Globethics.net Library. More information on Globethics.net see https://www.globethics.net. Data and content policy of Globethics.net Library repository see https:// repository.globethics.net/pages/policy Item Type Book Authors Mukabera, Josephine Publisher Globethics.net Rights Creative Commons Copyright (CC 2.5) Download date 01/10/2021 01:21:22 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/165632 Ethics Theses 24 Women’s Status and Gender Relations in Post-Genocide Rwanda Focus on the Local and Everyday Life Level Josephine Mukabera Gender Stereotypes | Leadership | Inequality | Wome Religion | Activism | Violence | Family | Pa Identity | Social Institutions | Gender Relations Equality | Rwanda | Women’s Rights Politics | Genocide | Poverty | Democracy | Ge Africa | Gender | Governance | Women’s Status and Gender Relations in Post-Genocide Rwanda Focusing on the Local and Everyday Life Level Women’s Status and Gender Relations in Post-Genocide Rwanda Focusing on the Local and Everyday Life Level Josephine Mukabera Globethics.net Theses No. 24 Globethics.net Theses Director: Prof. Dr. Obiora Ike, Executive Director of Globethics.net in Geneva and Professor of Ethics at the Godfrey Okoye University Enugu/Nigeria. Series Editor: Ignace Haaz, Globethics.net Publications Manager, Ph.D. Globethics.net Series 24 Josephine Mukabera, Women’s Status and Gender Relations in Post-Genocide Rwanda, Focusing on the Local and Everyday Life Level Geneva: Globethics.net, 2017 ISBN 978-2-88931-193-4 (online version) ISBN 978-2-88931-194-1 (print version) © 2017 Globethics.net Assistant Editor: Samuel Davies Globethics.net International Secretariat 150 route de Ferney 1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland Website: www.globethics.net/publications Email: [email protected] All web links in this text have been verified as of June 2017. -
Updates from the International Criminal Courts Nicolas M
Human Rights Brief Volume 12 | Issue 2 Article 10 2005 Updates from the International Criminal Courts Nicolas M. Rouleau American University Washington College of Law Annelies Brock American University Washington College of Law Daisy Yu American University Washington College of Law Anne Heindel American University Washington College of Law Mario Cava American University Washington College of Law See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/hrbrief Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Human Rights Law Commons, and the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Rouleau, Nicolas M., Annelies Brock, Daisy Yu, Anne Heindel, Mario Cava, and Tejal Jesrani. "Updates from the International Criminal Courts." Human Rights Brief 12, no. 2 (2005): 33-38. This Column is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Human Rights Brief by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Nicolas M. Rouleau, Annelies Brock, Daisy Yu, Anne Heindel, Mario Cava, and Tejal Jesrani This column is available in Human Rights Brief: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/hrbrief/vol12/iss2/10 Rouleau et al.: Updates from the International Criminal Courts UPDATES FROM THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURTS INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL When this requirement is met, the party argu- The Appeals Chamber then examined the FOR RWANDA ing that there has been a miscarriage of justice Prosecution’s contention that the Trial must further establish “that the error was criti- Chamber had committed an error of fact by GEORGES ANDERSON NDERUBUMWE cal to the verdict reached by the Trial failing to find a nexus between the crimes for RUTAGANDA V. -
The Rwandan Genocide: a Study for Policymakers Engaged in Foreign Policy, Diplomacy, and International Development
Pepperdine Policy Review Volume 13 Article 5 5-7-2021 The Rwandan Genocide: A study for policymakers engaged in foreign policy, diplomacy, and international development Emily A. Milnes Pepperdine University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/ppr Recommended Citation Milnes, Emily A. (2021) "The Rwandan Genocide: A study for policymakers engaged in foreign policy, diplomacy, and international development," Pepperdine Policy Review: Vol. 13 , Article 5. Available at: https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/ppr/vol13/iss1/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Public Policy at Pepperdine Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pepperdine Policy Review by an authorized editor of Pepperdine Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. “‘These events grew from a policy aimed at the systematic destruction of a people… We are reminded of the capacity of people everywhere—not just in Rwanda, and certainly not just in Africa—but the capacity for people everywhere to slip into pure evil. We cannot abolish that capacity, but we must never accept it.’” —President Bill Clinton, Kigali, Rwanda (1998) I. Introduction Over a period of 100 days between April and mid-July of 1994, the Rwandan genocide claimed the lives of approximately 800,000 Rwandans and caused the displacement of an estimated two million refugees into surrounding nations (UNHCR). The eruption of fear, brutality, and violence as Rwandans massacred Rwandans stemmed from decades of civil war fueled by intractable existential, political, and socioeconomic conflicts between Tutsis and Hutus. -
THE CONTOURS of VIOLENCE: the Interaction Between Perpetrators
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Amended Indictment Acte D'accusation Amende
, INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL FOR RWANDA ...... ~ Case No. ICTR-96-9-I N de dossier:ICTR-96-9-I THE PROSECUTOR LE PROCUREUR DU TRIBUNAL AGAINST CONTRE LAD ISLAS NTAGANZWA LADISLAS NTAGANZWA AMENDED ACTE D'ACCUSATION INDICTMENT AMENDE The Prosecutor of the International Le Procureur du Tribunal Penal Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, pursuant to International pour Ie Rw"anda, en vertu des the authority stipulated in Atiicle 17 of the pouvoirs que lui confere I'article 17 elu Statute of the International Criminal Statut du Tribunal Penal International pour Tribunal for Rwanda ('the Statute of the Ie Rwanda ("Ie Statut du Tribunal") accuse: Tri b unal ') charges: LADISLAS NTAGANZWA LADISLAS NT AGANZW A with CONSPIRACY TO COMMIT eI'ENTENTE EN VUE DE GENOCIDE, GENOCIDE C9MMETTRE LE GENOCIDE, de COMPLICITY IN GENOCIDE', GENOCIDE de COMPLICITE DE DIRECT AND PUBLIC INCITEMENT GENOCIDE, d'INCITATION TO COMMIT GENOCIDE, CRIMES PUBLIQUE ET DIRECTE A AGAINST HUMANITY, and COMMETTRE LE GENOCIDE, de VIOLATIONS OF ARTICLE 3 CRIMES CONTRE L' HUMANITE, et ele COMMON TO THE GENEVA VIOLATIONS DE L'ARTICLE 3 CONVENTIONS AND ADDITIONAL COMMUN AUX CONVENTIONS DE PROTOCOL II, offences stipulated in GENtVE ET DU PROTOCOLE Articles 2, 3 and 4 of the Statute of the ADDITIONNEL II, crimes prevus aux Tribunal. articles 2, 3 et 4 du Statut du Tribunal. " PURL: https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/198713/ 1. CONTEXTE HISTORIQUE 1. HISTORICAL CONTEXT 1. CONTEXTE HISTORIQUE 1.1 The revolution of 1959 marked the 1.1 La revolution de 1959 marque Ie beginning ofa period of ethnic clashes debut d'une periode d'affrontements between the Hutu and the Tutsi in Rwanda, ethniques entre les Hutu et les Tutsi au causing hundreds of Tutsi to die and Rwanda, provoquant au cours des annees thousands more to flee the country in the qui ont immediatement suivi, des centaines years immediately following. -
ICTR Newsletter
ICTRPublished by the Comm unicationNewsletter Cluster—ERSPS, Immediate Office of the Registrar United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda December 2010/January 2011 UN Establishes Residual Mechanism for Tribunals On 22 December 2010, the United Nations Security Council, acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations decided, through Resolution 1966 (2010), to establish a single International Residual Mechanism for the two ad-hoc Criminal Tribunals which shall continue the material, territorial, temporal and personal jurisdiction of both the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), respectively, as set out in their Statutes. While no decision has yet been The Security Council voted to adopt resolution 1966 (2010), which establishes the International Residual Mechanism for made as to the location of the Criminal Tribunals to finish the remaining tasks of the Tribunals Mechanism itself, it has however two for Rwanda and the Former Yugoslavia. branches, one branch for the ICTY (right) Rosemary A. DiCarlo, Deputy Permanent and one branch for the ICTR, Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, chairs a Security Council meeting respectively. The branch of the ICTY ©UN Photo/Paulo Filgueiras shall have its seat in The Hague, The Netherlands. The branch for the The Arusha-based Mechanism shall review the progress of the work of ICTR shall have its seat in Arusha, commence functioning, on 1 July the Mechanism, -
Samantha Richards Mphil Thesis
Lessons Learnt From Rwanda: The Need for Harmonisation of Penalties Between the ICC and its Member States Samantha Richards MPhil Thesis Student ID: 033365563 Submitted: 30 November 2014 Word count (excluding footnotes): 58,012 Abstract An examination of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and its policy of complementarity in the context of the presumption, that for complementarity to be effective, the national courts will have to undertake the majority of the investigations and prosecutions of extraordinary crimes. This will then be discussed in terms of the current setup whereby national courts are permitted by Article 80 of the Rome Statute 1998, to apply their own penalties when conducting trials at the national level. The analysis serves to highlight that the current situation is not conducive to proportionate or consistent sentencing or penalties, as the death penalty may still be applied by national courts, whilst in accordance with human rights norms, the ICC only has custodial sentences available to its judges. In addition to this the discussion highlights that many national jurisdictions where the crimes take place are in need of capacity building so as to rebuild or to reinforce their legal systems to a level where they are able to seek justice for themselves. This leads into a discussion of the potential for outreach whereby the ICC may also be able to lead by example and take the opportunity to impart their sentencing objectives and procedural norms, in an attempt to facilitate consistent and proportionate justice at both the national and international level, so as to aid the fight to close the impunity gap. -
UN Security Counciland Transitional Justice
The UN Security Council and Transitional Justice Dr Rebecca Brubaker Case Studies Authors Dr Rebecca Brubaker Cale Salih Dr Adam Day Professor Phil Clark Dr Nicola Palmer Dr Robyn Gill-Leslie Dr Rebecca Brubaker Dr Rebecca Brubaker is Senior Policy Adviser at United Nations University Centre for Policy Research. Case Studies by: Dr. Rebecca Brubaker, Cale Salih, Dr Adam Day, Professor Phil Clark, Dr Nicola Palmer, and Dr Robyn Gill-Leslie This research was mandated and funded by the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs of Switzerland and advised by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Swiss Confederation or OHCHR. A debt of thanks is owed to Priscilla Hayner, Sebastiaan Verelst, Julia Raue, the team at Security Council Report, the Swiss Taskforce Dealing with the Past and Prevention of Atrocities, and the participants in a July 2020 expert workshop for their insightful comments on the issues covered in this report. Additional thanks to Luise Quaritsch for her research support. The case studies in this report were completed in August 2020. ISBN: 978-92-808-6527-1 © United Nations University, 2021. All content (text, visualizations, graphics), except where otherwise specified or attributed, is published under a Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial-Share Alike IGO license (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO). Using, re-posting and citing this content is allowed without prior permission. Citation: Dr Rebecca Brubaker (ed.), The UN Security Council and Transitional Justice (New York: United Nations University, 2021). -
Country Report on Human Rights and Justice in Rwanda
Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs Country Report on Human Rights and Justice in Rwanda Date 18 August 2016 Page 1 of 64 Country Report | August 2016 Edited by Sub-Saharan Africa Department, The Hague Disclaimer: The Dutch version of this report is leading. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands cannot be held accountable for misinterpretations based on the English version of the report. Page 2 of 64 Country Report on Rwanda | August 2016 Contents Contents ....................................................................................................... 3 1 Human Rights .............................................................................................. 6 1.1 Human Rights in General ................................................................................ 6 1.2 Torture and Abuse ....................................................................................... 11 1.2.1 Legislation .................................................................................................. 11 1.2.2 Torture by Military Personnel ......................................................................... 11 1.2.3 Police Abuse ................................................................................................ 13 1.2.4 Local Defence Forces .................................................................................... 13 1.2.5 Monitoring and Assistance ............................................................................. 14 1.3 Disappearances .......................................................................................... -
Ntakirutimana, ICTR-96-10-A & ICTR-96-17-A, JUDGEMENT
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Tribunal Pénal International pour le Rwanda IN THE APPEALS CHAMBER Before: Judge Theodor MERON, Presiding Judge Florence MUMBA Judge Mehmet GÜNEY Judge Wolfgang SCHOMBURG Judge Inés Mónica WEINBERG DE ROCA Registrar: Mr. Adama Dieng Date: 13 December 2004 THE PROSECUTOR v. ELIZAPHAN NTAKIRUTIMANA AND GÉRARD NTAKIRUTIMANA Cases Nos. ICTR-96-10-A and ICTR-96-17-A _______________________________________________________________________ JUDGEMENT _______________________________________________________________________ Counsel for the Prosecution Mr . James Stewart Ms. Linda Bianchi Ms. Michelle Jarvis Mr. Mathias Marcussen Counsel for the Defence Mr. David Jacobs Mr. David Paciocco Mr. Ramsey Clark PURL: http://www.legal-tools.org/doc/af07be/ I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 2 A. THE APPELLANTS ......................................................................................................................... 2 B. THE JUDGEMENT AND SENTENCE ................................................................................................. 2 C. THE APPEALS ............................................................................................................................... 3 D. STANDARDS FOR APPELLATE REVIEW .......................................................................................... 4 II. APPEAL OF GÉRARD NTAKIRUTIMANA .......................................................................... -
Genocidal Gender and Sexual Violence the Legacy of the ICTR, Rwanda’S Ordinary Courts and Gacaca Courts
GENOCIDAL GENDER AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE The legacy of the ICTR, Rwanda’s ordinary courts and gacaca courts Cover illustration: Francisco De Goya (1746-1828), Etching, Plate 52 from ‘Los desastres de la guerra’ Typesetting: G.J. Wiarda Institue for Legal Research, Utrecht University A commercial edition of this dissertation will be published by Intersentia in the Series Supranational Criminal Law: Capita Saelecta, Vol. 17 under ISBN 978-1-78068-210-5 Genocidal Gender and Sexual Violence The legacy of the ICTR, Rwanda’s ordinary courts and gacaca courts Gendergerelateerd en seksueel geweld als genocide De erfenis van het ICTR, Rwanda’s gewone rechtbanken en gacaca rechtbanken Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof. dr. G.J. van der Zwaan, ingevolge het besluit van het college voor promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op woensdag 18 december 2013 des middags te 12.45 uur door Usta Kaitesi geboren op 5 augustus 1975 te Kampala, Uganda Promotor: Prof. mr. J.E. Goldschmidt Co-promotor: Dr. R.H. Haveman Financial support for this PhD thesis was provided by the Centre for International Legal Cooperation (CILC). To my dearest friend and husband Richard, and to our girls. Because of your enjoyable love, patience, self-sacrifice, unwavering support and the smiles you bring. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The fortunate aspect behind the completion of this study was the opportunity to work with two excellent mentors, Jenny Goldschmidt and Roelof Haveman; your guidance, support and the opportunity to grow academically is sincerely appreciated. I have learnt enormously from your valuable suggestions, perspectives, academic supervision, character and personality; I would not have wished for more. -
The Commodification of Genocide: Part II
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 5, No. 5; May 2015 The Commodification of Genocide: Part II. A NeoGramscian Model for Rwanda William R. Woodward Professor Department of Psychology University of New Hampshire Durham, N.H. 03824 USA Jean-Marie VianneyHigiro Professor Department of Communication Western New England University 1215 Wilbraham Rd. Springfield, MA 01119 Abstract In our previous paper, we did a qualitative content analysis of news reports disseminated by international media about events occurring in Rwanda. We grouped these reports into three themes: human rights, security, and foreign relations. Here we add our analysis of four more themes: Hutu menace in the Great Lakes, memorializing the victims, economic situation, and democracy. We argued that news coverage has been de-capitated by the ruling elite and that the western capitalist states have supported this co-optation. To gain access, Western journalists have had to cooperate with the state rather than with critical Rwandan journalists or even NGOs. This follow-up paper thus continues to expose alternatives to the dominant view in each thematic area. We introduce Celeste Condit’s NeoGramscian depiction of the subordinate or “unrepresented groups,” who in the name of “laws” of justice and through limited (because of the obvious danger) “civic support” dare to contest the dominant ideology. This ideology of Rwandan genocide has become a commodity marketed to the media, so much so that the non-dominant ideology of a civil war is suppressed. Then we adopt Dana Cloud’s NeoGramscian model that emphasizes the oppressive structural relations in the commodification, both economically and ideologically.