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El Patrimonio Cultural Sub-Acuático

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El Patrimonio Cultural Sub-Acuático PATRIMONIO CULTURAL SUBACUÁTICO EN AMÉRICA LATINA Y EL CARIBE DOSSIER La Flota de Cervera en Santiago de Cuba Declaración de Florencia Ilustración © A. Espinosa №13 2015 Base de la torreta de uno de los cañones de grueso calibre, González Hontoria, del Crucero Acorazado Vizcaya, en Aserradero, Municipio Guamá , Santiago de Cuba© J.V. González C&D•№13•2015 C&D•№ 13•2015 3 SUMARIO EDITORIAL 3 EDITORIAL 32 RÍO SAN SALVADOR, RESGUARDO DE 62 EL PECIO FANTASMA DE SIBONEY LAS PRIMERAS NAVES 4 CULTURA EN LA AGENDA 68 EL GABINETE DE ARQUEOLOGÍA DE DE DESARROLLO POST-2015 34 VALPARAÍSO: EL PATRIMONIO BAJO LA LA OFICINA DEL HISTORIADOR DE LA COTA CERO DEL PUERTO PRINCIPAL HABANA 8 LA CONVENCIÓN DE 2001 Y EL DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE 40 EL PATRIMONIO CULTURAL 72 LA RESERVA DE BIOSFERA SUBACUÁTICO EN EL PERÚ PENÍNSULA DE GUANAHACABIBES 16 PATRIMONIO SUBACUÁTICO EN AMÉRICA EN CUBA LATINA Y EL CARIBE 46 BAHÍA LA GLORIA: ¿PRIMER PUERTO ESPAÑOL EN TIERRA FIRME? 76 LA UNIVERSIDAD DE TEXAS A&M 22 COOPERACIÓN EN EL CARIBE Y SU PROGRAMA DE ARQUEOLOGÍA 54 POR UN PATRIMONIO SUBACUÁTICO NÁUTICA EN PUERTO RICO 26 COOPERACIÓN ENTRE ESPAÑA Y AMÉRICA DOCUMENTADO, PROTEGIDO Y l 3 de julio de 1898, en aguas de Santiago de Cuba, Fernando Brugman tráfico ilícito de restos arqueológicos, se propiciará LATINA Y EL CARIBE SOSTENIBLE el almirante Pascual Cervera Topete recibía la Oficial a cargo una aplicación articulada de las Convenciones de orden de enfrentarse a la flota estadounidense y Coordinador de Cultura la UNESCO de 1970 (prevención del tráfico ilícito de 28 LEYES, NORMAS, PROCEDIMIENTOS 56 CASTILLO DE SAN PEDRO DE LA ROCA que bloqueaba su salida de la bahía de la ciudad. de la Oficina Regional de bienes culturales), 1972 (Patrimonio Mundial Cultural INFORMALES E INSEGURIDAD JURÍDICA EA plena luz del día, la escuadra española compuesta Cultura para América Latina y Natural) y 2001 (Patrimonio Cultural Subacuático). EN BRASIL 58 IMPORTANCIA HISTÓRICA por cuatro cruceros acorazados y dos destructores fue y el Caribe de la UNESCO en DE LA FLOTA DEL ALMIRANTE cañoneada y perseguida. Ya vencidos, los buques se La Habana, Cuba Las aguas del Mar Caribe acogen una de las CERVERA acercaron a la costa en un intento de salvar el máximo de principales reservas subacuáticas de pecios y tripulantes. objetos arqueológicos del mundo. Cazadores de tesoros, coleccionistas y arqueólogos aficionados o Más de un siglo después los cruceros acorazados autodidactas han accedido de maneras diversas a Infanta María Teresa (buque insignia), Vizcaya, Almirante dicho patrimonio, poniendo en peligro su protección Oquendo y Cristóbal Colón y los destructores Furor y conservación y, destruyendo de manera irreversible y Plutón descansan a poca profundidad en la bahía información histórica sumamente valiosa. de Santiago de Cuba y conforman, junto al entorno 80 MONTECRISTI : PATRIMONIO natural que los rodea, el actual Parque Arqueológico La entrada en vigor de la Convención de 2001 de la SUBACUÁTICO EN LA REPÚBLICA Subacuático Batalla Naval de 1898. El Castillo de San UNESCO sobre la Protección del Patrimonio Cultural DOMINICANA Pedro de la Roca, intrincado complejo de fuertes, Subacuático representó un logro en el ámbito de la polvorines, bastiones y baterías, inscrito en la Lista del salvaguarda de los sitios arqueológicos sumergidos. 83 GUYANA PROTEGE SU PATRIMONIO Patrimonio Mundial en 1997 por ser el ejemplo más Ya ha sido ya ratificada por 50 países (17 de los cuales SUBACUÁTICO completo y mejor conservado de la arquitectura militar pertenecen a América Latina y el Caribe) y muchos española en América, vigila desde lo alto los pecios más están preparando su ratificación. Sin duda, es 86 PRESERVAR EL PASADO EN EL CARIBE conservados junto a su base. necesario continuar fortaleciendo las capacidades para la efectiva aplicación de dicha Convención y 90 EL PATRIMONIO SUMERGIDO DE LA La Oficina Regional de Cultura para América Latina y alentar a los países que aún no la han ratificado a PENÍNSULA DE YUCATÁN el Caribe de la UNESCO en La Habana junto al Consejo que lo hagan y se sumen a aquellos que protegen, Nacional de Patrimonio Cultural de Cuba y al Gobierno conservan y gestionan su patrimonio cultural 94 INVESTIGAR PARA PROTEGER de Santiago de Cuba, y con el apoyo de la Comisión subacuático. Nacional Cubana para la UNESCO, la Oficina Técnica de 96 SAMABAJ: UN SITIO SUBACUÁTICO EN Coordinación de la AECID en Cuba y el Agregado Militar Este número de Cultura y Desarrollo está dedicado EL LAGO DE ATITLÁN de la Embajada de España en el país ha puesto en marcha al trabajo que se está realizando en América Latina el proyecto Protección y gestión del patrimonio cultural y el Caribe en el ámbito de este Patrimonio Cultural 100 DECLARACIÓN DE FLORENCIA subacuático y costero para la creación de empleos en Subacuático y, como en anteriores ediciones, Santiago de Cuba. cerramos la revista con un texto clave que en esta 103 COLABORADORES ocasión es la Declaración de Florencia resultante de © J.V. González J.V. © El proyecto pretende fortalecer las capacidades locales la tercera edición del Foro mundial de la UNESCO y nacionales con el fin de gestionar de manera eficaz sobre la cultura y las industrias culturales, “Cultura, EQUIPO EDITORIAL CULTURA Y DESARROLLO № 13 CONTACTO UNESCO LA HABANA los recursos culturales subacuáticos y costeros, formular creatividad y desarrollo sostenible” (2-4 de octubre OFICINA REGIONAL DE CULTURA PARA AMÉRICA LATINA EDICIÓN: BEGOÑA GUZMÁN [email protected] [email protected] una estrategia nacional para la protección y gestión de 2014). Y EL CARIBE DE LA UNESCO · LA HABANA · CUBA DISEÑO: ARNULFO ESPINOSA [email protected] CALLE CALZADA NO. 551, ESQUINA A CALLE D, www.unesco.org/havana · www.unesco.lacult.org TRADUCCIÓN: ADOLFO FUENTES [email protected] VEDADO, LA HABANA. CP 10400 del patrimonio subacuático y contribuir a la creación FERNANDO BRUGMAN · TATIANA VILLEGAS IMPRESIÓN: ESCANDÓN [email protected] TELEF.: +537 833 3438, 832 2840, 832 7741, 832 7638 de un centro para dicho patrimonio. Además, con la A lo largo del 2015 Santiago de Cuba festejará el BEGOÑA GUZMÁN · LENIA GAMONAL FAX: +537 833 3144 actualización del Plan de Gestión del Castillo de San quingentésimo aniversario de la fundación de la Pedro de la Roca, que abarca la gestión y conservación ciudad sin olvidar que parte de su historia e identidad CULTURA Y DESARROLLO ES UNA REVISTA PERIÓDICA QUE LA OFICINA REGIONAL DE CULTURA DE LA UNESCO PARA AMÉRICA LATINA Y EL CARIBE PUBLICA DESDE EL AÑO 2000. ES UN ESPACIO DE REFLEXIÓN, INTERCAMBIO Y DIFUSIÓN DE IDEAS Y EXPERIENCIAS QUE MUESTRAN QUE LA CULTURA ES UN ELEMENTO PRIORITARIO PARA EL DESARROLLO HUMANO Y ECONÓMICO DE LA REGIÓN. LA REVISTA EN SU VERSIÓN DIGITAL SE ENCUENTRA DISPONIBLE EN ESPAÑOL E INGLÉS EN WWW.UNESCO.ORG / HAVANA Y WWW.UNESCO.LACULT.ORG de los restos de la flota, y se centra en la prevención del se encuentran bajo las aguas de su bahía. ESTE NÚMERO 13 CUENTA CON LA COLABORACIÓN DE LA SECRETARÍA DE LA CONVENCIÓN DE 2001 (ULRIKE GUERIN Y ARTURO REY DA SILVA). LOS ARTÍCULOS FIRMADOS EXPRESAN EL CRITERIO DE SUS AUTORES Y NO COMPROMETEN EN MODO ALGUNO A LA UNESCO. LAS IMÁGENES, EXCEPTO CUANDO SE INDICAN, SON PROPORCIONADAS POR LOS PROPIOS AUTORES QUIENES SON RESPONSABLES DE LAS MISMAS. 4 C&D•№13•2015 C&D•№13•2015 5 CULTURA EN LA AGENDA DE DESARROLLO POST-2015 Gibara, Cuba Brugman © UNESCO / F. medida que nos acercamos a septiembre de 2015, fecha en la que En este contexto, la UNESCO sigue trabajando con los especial de 2013 del Informe de las Naciones Unidas sobre se celebrará la Cumbre de las Naciones Unidas para la adopción de gobiernos, las demás agencias de las Naciones Unidas y la Economía Creativa, que fue publicada conjuntamente A la Agenda de Desarrollo Post-2015 y en la cual se determinarán las las organizaciones sociales para asegurar la inclusión de la por la UNESCO y el PNUD y la “Promesa de Bali” adoptada prioridades y áreas de acción en favor del desarrollo sostenible para los cultura como condición y motor de desarrollo sostenible durante el Foro Mundial de Cultura de Bali (Indonesia) en próximos decenios, la comunidad internacional es cada vez más consciente de en la Agenda Post-2015. noviembre. la necesidad de integrar la cultura en la Agenda. En los últimos años, hemos sido testigos de un importante Ya en 2014, el segundo debate temático especial sobre la Alfredo Pérez de Armiñán La cultura, en sus múltiples expresiones que comprenden desde el patrimonio número de reuniones de alto nivel sobre la relación Cultura y el Desarrollo Sostenible, organizado en mayo Subdirector General de Cultura de la UNESCO cultural hasta las industrias culturales y creativas y el turismo cultural, es entre la cultura y el desarrollo sostenible, en las que se en la sede de las Naciones Unidas en Nueva York (Estados una condición tanto como un motor de los aspectos económicos, sociales y presentaron experiencias e iniciativas que han tenido Unidos) por el Presidente de la Asamblea General de las medioambientales del desarrollo sostenible. Y así se reconoce ampliamente a verdadero éxito sobre el terreno. Naciones Unidas en colaboración con la UNESCO, reunió través de muchos ejemplos. a dieciocho ministros y representantes de alto nivel de Tan solo en 2013 se aprobaron una serie de documentos, los Estados Miembros (incluyendo a Argentina, Bahamas, En efecto, al garantizar los vínculos y el equilibrio entre las tres dimensiones entre los que destacan la “Declaración de Hangzhou” Brasil, Haití, Jamaica, Paraguay, Perú y Trinidad
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