Third Quarter 2016 • Volume 24 • Number 88
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Stefano Ruia
LA NARCOSI DA AZOTO di Stefano Ruia 1 - L’EBBREZZA DEGLI ABISSI La narcosi da azoto, definita dai medici “sindrome neuropsichica da aria compressa” (legata cioè alla respirazione di aria in pressione), è uno dei fenomeni che i subacquei imparano a conoscere subito, poiché influenza le immersioni a profondità già comprese nella fascia detta “ricreativa”, e con la quale tutti abbiamo dovuto imparare a convivere. Eppure ancora oggi la scienza non ha compreso del tutto i meccanismi biologici di questo stato di alterazione psicologica e ottenebramento mentale. Approfondiamo con questo dossier lo “stato dell’arte” su questo fenomeno, tanto comune e misterioso. Fu uno dei primi film subacquei che vidi. Era il “Il Mondo del Silenzio” di Cousteau, filmato – come operatore - da quel grande cineasta che sarà Louis Malle. Fu girato nella seconda metà degli anni ’50 dello scorso secolo. Beh, non sono così vecchio, ma quando la TV lo ripropose, qualche anno dopo, mi fu permesso di vederlo (allora per guardare la TV dopo “Carosello” i bambini dovevano ottenere – e non era facile - il permesso … bei tempi!). Una scena mi colpì molto. Durante una delle consuete “razzie” sui fondali (a quei tempi erano permesse e anzi rappresentavano la spinta più forte all’immersione con le bombole) il subacqueo perdeva il controllo e lo riacquistava solo in risalita. Aveva subito l’influsso della perfida “ebbrezza di profondità”. Questo terribile nemico mi metteva in agitazione, soprattutto quando mio padre partiva per andare a caccia subacquea al mare. Allora non facevo differenza fra apnea e autorespiratore. Così, come molti altri subacquei, sono cresciuto con l’idea che gli eroi della “Calipso” (la nave di Cousteau) per primi avessero scoperto questo tremendo fenomeno con cui fare i conti. -
A'v':;:':It''iislili'i» -"^Ppi9"^A
-"^pPi 9"^ A ;Jlii'i> •• "' •% ' .V ( . i i''Yt« '-f,'I'1'' a'v':;:':i t''iiSlili'i» (kJ p. Throokmorton, "Thirty-threa Centuries under the Sea," National GeoKraphio, Llay 1960 (Vol.117, no.5), pp.682-703. x- . 5ed on a parent's mbling insect wings he adult's face. |to the Other, Free Ride scus fry instmc- melike secretion es. Microscopic •" V:k coating comes the epidermis. Fi a nonbreeding k-dwelling Sym- pliysodou soon cognize its owner. But if disturbed, the captive dashes madly about the aquarium and may even kill itself by banging its nose against the glass. Fish fanciers pay up to $10 for a young discus; mated pairs sell for as much as $350. 681 trolled by hormones, as is the milk production of a mammalian female. Among vertebrates, this "lactation" of both male and female is possibly unique. Un til research explains the full significance of the phenomenon, the discus—the fish that "nurses" its young—stands as a small but arresting biological wonder. W' •, * 1 y. 4JJmik •• Piggyback passengers feed on a parent's V secreted "milk." Fins resembling insect wings lend a whiskered look to the adult's face. Darting From One Parent to the Other, Babies Gain Lunch and a Free Ride As soon as they can swim, discus fry instinc tively begin to feed on a slimelike secretion that covers the parents' bodies. Microscopic examination shows that this coating comes from large mucous cells in the epidermis. Smaller cells on the body of a nonbreeding discus appear less productive. -
Model T1 (EZM14)
Model T1 (eZM14) Contents sInn speZIaluhren Zu FrankFurt aM MaIn 6 – 9 perFeCt dIVInG WATChes 10 – 11 dnV Gl CertIFIes sInn dIVIn G WatChes 12 – 15 T1 (eZM14) 16 – 17 the hIGh-strenGht tItanIuM dIVIn G WatCh InstruCtIons For use 18 – 19 ar-dehuMIdIFYInG teCHNOLOGY 20 – 21 the CaptIVe dIVer’s saFet Y beZel 22 – 25 adjustInG the len Gth oF the W atCh straps 26 – 27 teChnICal detaIls 28 – 29 serVICe 30 – 31 dear CUSTOMer, since the company was founded in 1961, we have focused on the creation of high-quality mechanical watches. nowadays, watch lovers associate innovation and patents with the name of sinn spezialuhren. and it’s not just our diving watches that stand for high performance, robustness, and durability, quality and precision. these watches do, however, constitute an outstanding example of how we repeatedly push the limits of what can be achieved physically in development. 4 We are driven by the question of which new technologies and materials can be used to make diving watches safer and more suitable for everyday use. It is often worth indulging in a little lateral thinking to see what is going on in other industrial sectors or fields of science. It is therefore no coincidence that the series u1, u2, u200, u212, u1000 and uX are made from high-strength, seawater-resistant German submarine steel. the t1 and t2 models are another example. all case parts for these mission timers are made from high- strength titanium. both submarine steel and high-strength titanium predestine our diving watches for use in salt water. -
Theory and Treatment Solo Cave Diving
Decompression Sickness: Theory and Treatment Solo Cave Diving: Just How Safe Is It? A Few Words About Decompression Schedules Cave Diving Into The Dominican Past Diving Pioneers & Innovators: A Series of In Depth Interviews (Dick Bonin) Issue 8 – September 2012 Contents Editorial Editorial 2 Welcome to the eighth issue of Tech Diving Mag. In this issue, the contributors have, once more, brought together a wealth Decompression Sickness: Theory and Treatment of information, along with some distinctive first hand experiences. The By Bret Gilliam 3 contributors for this issue are world renowned industry professional Bret Gilliam, accomplished diver, instructor trainer and book author Steve Lewis, technical diving instructor Peter Buzzacott (PhD) and Solo Cave Diving: Just How Safe Is It? cave explorer Cristian Pittaro. Get to know more about them and read By Peter Buzzacott 22 their bio at www.techdivingmag.com/contributors.html. As you might know, Tech Diving Mag is based on article contribution A Few Words About Decompression Schedules from the readership. So you’re always welcome to drop me a line if you’re interested in volunteering an article. One more much appreciated By Steve Lewis 29 thing is your photos (even without articles)! For submission guidelines, take a look at www.techdivingmag.com/guidelines.html. Cave Diving Into The Dominican Past Tech Diving Mag is very much your magazine and I am always keen By Cristian Pittaro 37 to have your input. If you want to share your views, drop me a line at [email protected]. Diving Pioneers & Innovators: A Series of In Please visit www.techdivingmag.com/communicate.html to subscribe Depth Interviews (Dick Bonin) to the newsletter in order to be notified when new issues are available for download. -
Saturation Diving Is Used for Deep Salvage Or Recovery Using U.S
CHAPTER 15 6DWXUDWLRQ'LYLQJ 15-1 INTRODUCTION 15-1.1 Purpose. The purpose of this chapter is to familiarize divers with U.S. Navy satu- ration diving systems and deep diving equipment. 15-1.2 Scope. Saturation diving is used for deep salvage or recovery using U.S. Navy deep diving systems or equipment. These systems and equipment are designed to support personnel at depths to 1000 fsw for extended periods of time. SECTION ONE — DEEP DIVING SYSTEMS 15-2 APPLICATIONS The Deep Diving System (DDS) is a versatile tool in diving and its application is extensive. Most of today’s systems employ a multilock deck decompression chamber (DDC) and a personnel transfer capsule (PTC). Non-Saturation Diving. Non-saturation diving can be accomplished with the PTC pressurized to a planned depth. This mode of operation has limited real time application and therefore is seldom used in the U.S. Navy. Saturation Diving. Underwater projects that demand extensive bottom time (i.e., large construction projects, submarine rescue, and salvage) are best con- ducted with a DDS in the saturation mode. Conventional Diving Support. The DDC portion of a saturation system can be employed as a recompression chamber in support of conventional, surface- supplied diving operations. 15-3 BASIC COMPONENTS OF A SATURATION DIVE SYSTEM The configuration and the specific equipment composing a deep diving system vary greatly based primarily on the type mission for which it is designed. Modern systems however, have similar major components that perform the same functions despite their actual complexity. Major components include a PTC, a PTC handling system, and a DDC. -
Best Dive Watches
1 / 2 Best Dive Watches The Best Dive Watches You Can Buy for Under $5k · Panerai Luminor Marina PAM005 · Omega Seamaster Diver 300M Chronograph · Breitling .... Top Rated Seller. Home / Watches / Seiko Prospex Lx Automatic Dive Watch Spb105 - Watches | Manfredi Jewels. Movement: Caliber 4R36, Automatic.. Seiko Divers Watch Sizes - Watch Case Dimensions Even if you're not ... The bracelet is three link, with a satin-brushed top and polished .... A combination of style and functionality, a diver's watch is like a Swiss Army knife for divers. Given their sporty look and a tough waterproof body which can…. 10 Best Diver Watches For Men Under $100 · 1. Invicta Men's 8926OB Pro Diver Stainless Steel Automatic Watch · 2. Casio Men's Diver Inspired .... While most dive watches have stainless steel for the case, a rotating bezel with lots of numbers for measuring a dive, and a strap that will .... The watch: the Louis Vuitton Tambour Street Diver. The single best thing about this watch: The traditional diver's watch get Louis Vuitton's .... Our Pick · Why Dive Watches? · Omega Seamaster 36.25 mm Diver 300M · Longines Hydroquest · Seiko SKX013 · Which Small Diver Will You .... The Best Diving Watches You Can Buy Right Now · Seiko Prospex Turtle Save the Ocean · Longines Heritage Skin Diver · Omega Seamaster Diver 300M · Oris ... Top 7 Best Women's Dive Watches · Invicta Women's Mako Pro Diver Quartz 8942 · Casio G-Shock GLX5600-1 G-Lide Watch · Torpedo Pro Dive Watch by .... Most watches these days have some degree of water resistance, but if you plan on diving deep beneath the sea, you need a proper dive watch. -
La Chasse Aux Trésors Subaquatiques. Portait D'une Industrie Marginale À L
Université de Montréal La chasse aux trésors subaquatiques. Portait d’une industrie marginale à l’ère de l’internet Par Stéphanie Courchesne Département d’anthropologie Faculté des Arts et des Sciences Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des Arts et des Sciences En vue de l’obtention du grade de M. Sc. En Anthropologie Option Archéologie Décembre 2011 © Stéphanie Courchesne, 2011 ii IDENTIFICATION DU JURY Université de Montréal Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales Ce mémoire intitulé : La chasse aux trésors subaquatiques : Portrait d’une industrie marginale à l’ère de l’internet Présenté par : Stéphanie Courchesne a été évalué par un jury composé des personnes suivantes : Adrian Burke président-rapporteur Brad Loewen directeur de recherche Pierre Desrosiers membre du jury iii Résumé et mots-clés français En marge des recherches archéologiques traditionnelles, nous retrouvons aujourd’hui des compagnies privées qui contractent des accords et obtiennent des permis leur donnant le droit de prélever des objets à des fins lucratives sur les vestiges archéologiques submergés. Ces pratiques commerciales causent une controverse vive et enflammée au sein du monde archéologique. Le principal point de litiges concerne la mise en vente des objets extraits lors de fouille. La mise en marché du patrimoine archéologique éveille les fibres protectionnistes. Cela incite certains organismes à poser des gestes pour la protection du patrimoine. C’est le cas pour l’UNESCO qui fait la promotion depuis 2001 d’une Convention pour la protection du patrimoine submergé. Malgré tous les arguments à l’encontre des compagnies de « chasse aux trésors », cette Convention est loin de faire l’unanimité des gouvernements à travers le monde, qui ne semblent pas prêts à rendre ces pratiques illégales. -
C11 Titanium Elite 500 Limited Edition Chronometer
C11 TITANIUM ELITE 500 LIMITED EDITION CHRONOMETER O W N E R ’ S H A N D B O O K INTRODUCTION TIME ON YOUR SIDE... Your Christopher Ward watch has been designed and engineered by highly talented craftspeople CONTENTS to ensure not only accurate and precise timekeeping but also to bring a real pride of C11 TITANIUM ELITe 500 – LIMITED EDITION CHRONOMETER 2–3 ownership that only luxury items of the highest quality can ever hope to deliver. TECHNICAL INFORMATION 4–5 You have made an investment, a good one, THE COSC CERTIFIED CHRONOMETER 6 and the aim of this handbook is to help you HOW TO OPERATE YOUR make the most of that investment during what C11 TITANIUM ELITE 500 7–13 I hope will be a lifetime of ownership. OUR WATCH CARE PROGRAMME 14–15 KEEPING IN TOUCH 16 Christopher Ward 1 YOUR C11 TITANIUM ELITE 500 C11 TITANIUM ELITe 500 – lIMITED EDITION CHRONOMETER The C11 Titanium Elite 500 is a true titan of a diving watch and is guaranteed to win admiration and envious glances in equal measure. With the strength of steel, but 45% lighter, combining with remarkable anti-corrosive properties (particularly against sea water), titanium could have been created for use in diving watches. When you add the precision engineering of one of the best and most attractive cases available, incorporating an internal countdown bezel, to the finest Swiss made helium release valve and a design that oozes with stylish authority, you begin to understand why our resident diver, Chris, is drooling over this particular watch. -
1990 Deepest Scuba Dive On
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1990 1991 1992 February 14 at 11:45 a.m. 1993 1994 1995 1996 BRET GILLIAM and the 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 DEEPEST SCUBA 2002 2003 2004 2005 DIVE ON AIR 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Photo: Christoph Gerigk 240 BRET GILLIAM DIVE ADVENTURES 241 and the deepest scuba dive on air BRET GILLIAM AND THE DEEPEST SCUBA DIVE ON AIR The son of a senior naval officer who indulged his child by permitting him to start diving in 1959 at age eight, Gilliam went on to be part of an elite team, conducting exceptionally deep diving projects for the Navy, commercial contracts and scientific projects. He also founded dive-related companies involved in manufacturing, pub- lishing, training agencies, resorts and liveaboard vessels, making him one of the industry’s most successful entrepreneurs. But one single feat astounded the diving world: the deepest dive on air. 1990 1990 “On memory and instinct, I passed through the arch and on the surface with his face in the water breathing through a cave, which was filled with schooling baitfish that obscured snorkel and then five minutes more with no mask breathing the visibility. As I reached the exit, the schooling fish opened from a spare tank at 15 feet below the boat. This invokes the up and the steep drop-off wall was revealed. -
Raisign the Dead: Improving the Recovery and Management of Historic Shipwrecks, 5 Ocean & Coastal L.J
Ocean and Coastal Law Journal Volume 5 | Number 2 Article 5 2000 Raisign The eD ad: Improving The Recovery And Management Of Historic Shipwrecks Jeffrey T. Scrimo University of Maine School of Law Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.mainelaw.maine.edu/oclj Recommended Citation Jeffrey T. Scrimo, Raisign The Dead: Improving The Recovery And Management Of Historic Shipwrecks, 5 Ocean & Coastal L.J. (2000). Available at: http://digitalcommons.mainelaw.maine.edu/oclj/vol5/iss2/5 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at University of Maine School of Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Ocean and Coastal Law Journal by an authorized administrator of University of Maine School of Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RAISING THE DEAD: IMPROVING THE RECOVERY AND MANAGEMENT OF HISTORIC SHIPWRECKS Jeffrey T Scrimo* I. INTRODUCTION Dead men tell no tales at the bottom of the sea. For thousands of years, this truth remained unalterable; but now, the rapid development of underwater technology is prying open the once impenetrable realm of Davy Jones's locker. This technology gives us access to the seas darkest secrets, and opens new windows to our past. Indeed, what once only lingered at the edge of dreams is now a reality. The sea has stubbornly begun to yield its treasures to those brave enough to search. In recent years, enterprising adventurers have reclaimed pirates' gold,' discovered the riches of past empires,' and peered23 into the ironic serenity of disaster.3 Bringing these * University of Maine School of Law, Class of 2000. -
Manuale D'istruzioni Manuel D'instructions Gebrauchsanweisung
Cressi-sub S.p.A. Via Gelasio Adamoli, 501 - 16165 - Genova - Italia Tel. (0) 10/830.791 - Fax (0) 10/830.79.220 Manuale d’istruzioni Manuel d’instructions E.mail: [email protected] Gebrauchsanweisung WWW: http://www.cressi-sub.it Manual de instrucciones User’s Manual Cressi-sub S.p.A. Via Gelasio Adamoli, 501 - 16165 - Genova - Italia Tel. (0) 10/830.791 - Fax (0) 10/830.79.220 Manuale d’istruzioni Manuel d’instructions E.mail: [email protected] Gebrauchsanweisung WWW: http://www.cressi-sub.it Manual de instrucciones User’s Manual Manuale ARCHIMEDE II 2008:Manuale 6 26-06-2008 8:26 Pagina 159 User’sUser’s ManualManual ENGLISH Manuale ARCHIMEDE II 2008:Manuale 6 26-06-2008 8:26 Pagina 160 TABLE OF CONTENTS 3.4.1. - Ascent rate. pag. 178 3.4.2. - Safety Stop ( ) . pag. 179 3.4.3. - Decompression forewarning ( ) . pag. 179 1. - INTRODUCTION . pag. 161 3.5. - Decompression dive ( ) . pag.180 1.1. - Main specifications . pag. 161 3.5.1 - Omitted decompression stage alarm . pag. 181 1.2. - Safety measures . pag. 161 3.6. - program (depthometer/timer) . pag. 181 1.2.1. - Definitions of danger, warning and note . pag. 161 1.2.2. - General recommendations and safety measures . pag. 162 4. - ON SURFACE AFTER A DIVE . pag.183 1.3. - Introduction . pag.163 4.1. - Data processing . pag.184 4.1.1. - Surface interval ( , , ) . pag.184 2. - BEFORE DIVING . pag.165 4.1.2. - Logbook ( ) . pag.185 2.1. - UFDS display and controls. pag.166 4.1.3. - Dive historic memory ( ) . -
Conservation of Underwater Archaeological Organic Materials)
UNIVERSIDADE AUTÓNOMA DE LISBOA LUIS DE CAMÕES Departamento de História Tese de Doutoramento em História Conservação de Materiais Orgânicos Arqueológicos Subaquáticos (Conservation of Underwater Archaeological Organic Materials) Tese apresentada para a obtenção do grau de Doutor em História Orientador: Adolfo Silveira Martins Co-orientador: Donny L. Hamilton Doutoranda: Andreia Ribeiro Romão Veliça Machado Junho, 2013 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The work presented here would not have been possible without the help and collaboration of a group of people I would like to thank. To start with, the members of my committee, Prof. Adolfo Silveira Martins and Prof. Donny L. Hamilton. They kindly accepted me as their student and since then have been most supportive and helpful. Enough cannot be said about the help I received from Helen Dewolf, at the Conservation Research Laboratory, and also Dr. Wayne Smith. They were willing to teach me everything that they knew, get me any supplies and samples that I needed and they were always there to check my work and to guide me when needed. Deep gratitude is reserved for Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (SFRH / BD / 49007 / 2008), to Dr. Jorge Campos of the Câmara Municipal de Portimão , without whose interest in supporting me, this research would not have been accomplished. A thank you to Madalena Mira, Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa Library Director, and to Doctors Mike Pendleton and Ann Ellis from the Microscopy & Imaging Center, at Texas A&M. Another word of appreciation to Dr. Adolfo Miguel Martins and Dr. João Coelho from DANS, for the enlightening conversations and help during the research.