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A'v':;:':It''iislili'i» - -"^pPi 9"^ A ;Jlii'i> •• "' •% ' .V ( . i i''Yt« '-f,'I'1'' a'v':;:':i t''iiSlili'i» (kJ p. Throokmorton, "Thirty-threa Centuries under the Sea," National GeoKraphio, Llay 1960 (Vol.117, no.5), pp.682-703. x- . 5ed on a parent's mbling insect wings he adult's face. |to the Other, Free Ride scus fry instmc- melike secretion es. Microscopic •" V:k coating comes the epidermis. Fi a nonbreeding k-dwelling Sym- pliysodou soon cognize its owner. But if disturbed, the captive dashes madly about the aquarium and may even kill itself by banging its nose against the glass. Fish fanciers pay up to $10 for a young discus; mated pairs sell for as much as $350. 681 trolled by hormones, as is the milk production of a mammalian female. Among vertebrates, this "lactation" of both male and female is possibly unique. Un til research explains the full significance of the phenomenon, the discus—the fish that "nurses" its young—stands as a small but arresting biological wonder. W' •, * 1 y. 4JJmik •• Piggyback passengers feed on a parent's V secreted "milk." Fins resembling insect wings lend a whiskered look to the adult's face. Darting From One Parent to the Other, Babies Gain Lunch and a Free Ride As soon as they can swim, discus fry instinc tively begin to feed on a slimelike secretion that covers the parents' bodies. Microscopic examination shows that this coating comes from large mucous cells in the epidermis. Smaller cells on the body of a nonbreeding discus appear less productive. Intelligent but timid, a tank-dwelling Sym- physodon soon learns to recognize its owner. But if disturbed, the captive dashes madly about the aquarium and may even kill itself by banging its nose against the glass. Fish fanciers pay up to $10 for a young discus; mated pairs sell for as much as $350. 681 Ea. Thirty-three Centuries '^nder the Sea ^^-PWERTHRockmorton N'- >.t,, '^he POWERFDLLY BUITT I the near-by table pIp man at p m He to his Quest th^'t'*^ beginning of a two-yj,^*" eest. u® the sea uU "'"Panion. cov lead, eventually, to the dis- one used t^'l?' located-^ undersea wreck to hb Ss ' ?7'^- 'The glass thp/u turS ?'P rode the waves 33 cen- I glanced by y«ry Tj ^^e time of Homer's Od- whose ear was cH ^^ustafa^K , docks'off bar ribs on a jumble l"g-to findW^hldthe skipper y° ^^^t^hatwaterfron?thevl^Pkin, T^fn'beyear^t!!^^Turkish®blpcoast,is at least eig^ b" brought up an anri! ?°"g^ boat whn f ^°fore. And t°n ^ancient than any found her clay urn from the sea^TK ^^ntue and^^ ^rst personal written here are t SF sometorn, weunderwaSthought'aS^^,m' i, '•'^olch^ of splYu ^ 'through^he wrtkd . of this-dremarkablephotographsb^ Skm Diving^••archeologicaiexpi^^^Gear Caus o '' UniveSUniv^ dv^K°"^^^^"ding^^""^ylvaniaarcheologistsand at Princeto"at he We had just arrived ' n ®"sation ery in t,7''t,'^®bnitely placed the disco °f 'nost Turkish sTont ®°drum, home But sffr ' Age, about 1400 B-C- waters of their nation? a ^^^"y Htde m' in the scrubby cafe - Lun^ blagewasbuz7^-^^^"^bores Yet f classi'c"'°rclassic 1-bnn^^bn an arbor roof suppo^. Lu^-compressed-Sr^'abouttheA^^^^ grossedguessed Ifwethpf^ rimns —we could not 'hjve Wff A brought' '"d und rtTt^ 1"^Was absolabsorh end®"d was in store- 1^ h^un^dtheairwasSflef °^tbe busl'l "^hat"What S'fu'"afp ?u'b ^^e table near by-by. ,,, ^be undersea treasure we i^dhrumor>"; l^ustafaMustafa^fl 1 talkingabout?" I asasl hereafter. hands Jd^b'^^d.-• "The man with the biB Aqua-Lunffo antern jaw is saying that out In Eerie G1 are for tourists, andthat area Shattered win • ^^Ponge jjj bulging baTo^/' '"eluding'"B?'°''atiol!"f''g^^be Aege pr 682 'P°"ges, this div°ef'; vessel ToT"^ ^"eient ships, the authj this diver Vessel»cSSpI sornV,c °t ano-ii C'^amines^^^otines thlthe years old.oia. Laying ,as'^. lerW r»f o D^^rvton amP^ PE,E„, "®ok of a Roman amP locilEf' ^^XMORTON ® NATIONAL GEOGRAPT* n., Aqua-Lung MermaidScrapesSand From the Ruins of a Bronze Age Ship r/H Atop this rocky ridge in the Mediterranean's misty- BHIIf"' 'i^'' •'••• blue depths, explorers uncovered theoldest shipwreck wy ever found, the remnants of a galley that sank about 1400 B.C. Divers with crowbars spent hours prying 'C loose copper and bronze artifacts concreted together h:i•• iJ after three millenniums in the sea. Limestone- encrusted copper ingot shaped like an oxhide appears p: ••i ffy-- Tf',.^ in the lower right foreground. /; T-T •»*'<.•'• '• wV<. 'ii""'"3. Treasury of Bronze Age relics includes two copper W'- ^j'^.; oxhides; bronze picks, chisels, axes (center row), broken amphora (lower left), and a metal object be lieved to be a mirror (lower right corner). Sally ^ '.i",: !i,;^ -M Hinchiliffe inspects the collection. 68o fci t' ife^;: m p. M, rt/} fhn>\5v ., ',"V ^KdL^"' ^iSniuMi- '.^'\4/7y:UflHnM '^iV' Jhi £mAhi. * >c, u ^ '•• ']• L- JOHN COCHRAN (LEFT) AND KODAC HROME BYPETER THROCK MORTO N® N.G .S, if "^1 686 Geographic, May, I960 diver wouldn't be caught dead in one. Also w u , . that he doesn'tdoesn llike use skinsKin clivers."divers." layered on the bottom with I laughed, and the burly man looked to-to gravel for ballast, and much of the ward us.us.Then,tomvconi;tprnot;/>«Then tomyconsternation,heu_i-lurched,. ®Pace was taken up by an ancient air com" to his feet and started in our direction. cookstove was half an oil drum the cafes proprietor rushed nnc o j ^ ed near the stern, her engine an antique grabbed his arm, and from the smattering of single-cylinder diesel that would start, I Turkish at my command I could tell hp earned, only after prolonged heating with a WithwTf'n"" aK'n"',-.'"' bull-like shrntr wf l^emal...^owtorch.u;. It could push the old boat along hurkvhusky captainrlr sheu f shoulders the L'f knots. In afair wind, with and kept coming. I got up, put on the best smile, t i^ncient JarBecomes Water Tank f manage,hTIp and put out my kand.hand. decrepit as she looked the Mow£?fl- ment.He lookpHThen hTgdnne^mo .' .1h' ^^ ^ underTb ^ept that way fered palm I motioned r^, k my prof, ®tight discipline of Captain Kema ishForaperitif,the apdand savory rosTl?!'-amcl'.'"If"'Oth"™n ""»=!'="ivers°'?rthfCiasim Arslan.crew""'"^"uncleU". kebab-Capt. KemalArastnld "^®kish youneAl-7 i divers in the crew were diving, the price of sponmsponges h "i!"h ^kout ing ^ew' Jdressedin aspank- dread of all divpiTl'^'^^kesdivers thp h ^ ^^^es with that 5eL'r§eytan"_TTycyian —d°uble-breastedUndp. "'kreasted suit, ,and "Unde"Cncw^vas things he had seen in the sS fantastic Ahmed b t"? His real name was said, "In Alkh's^namrrcan ^ "onlva'ri "-1 called §eytan because Turkish laws rt^rict he SS" """" making extended trips on bopt'^'!"f® try's^ sponge-o-—v,..ucufleet.inpsButonthpm.lboats nf.^katcounfu tack of th a bad limp from an at !h^the Izmirt'"""TFrogman'sFt ButClub,throughagrountb th P kecauseship'sSLk,, kekkeddid tonotdive,limp.heAtoldcoupleus, skin divers,Igot permission rsp' n "'^^ My^eve /n^'^^Pleted the crew, aboard Captain'iotperSnrs^r""-"Ain Kemal's 38-f„a.38-foot "y*""?""!son foot of tL amphora lashed to the a survey Tn Tim??Turkish waters. onderwate antiquitiesan"!'' stampedkle handts,t ^ "o^k,Inandsurprise.taperedItsshapedou- Mandalmei Tackle, ,hc Deep classical timTs ''k® fypmal jars used i" Trobablv P holding oil and wine. about the ph ^ guessed, dating from Mus°twale Sof .he MaaM.cj o™EaT" "•='"July' h'«ci's watp.water supply. It held the Manda- one of the top industrial nhnf ' CaptSKemal'"fply-grinned .i •f. Turkey, shared mv imp! P ^f^Smphers in "Theke old iar^ 5grinned " datr..,at my wonderment- camera work and archen? ""derwater ''hern onesonpK^'^'i!" he fetterketter made thantha the Together we hoped to n ®'"' ^'^Ploratbn gets. he explained.exnipm„j "Cheape"Cheaper, too- Aqua-Lungs were good P''® ^emal that ^kem un fl "diking —just sides tourists. Thecllin ^°"^^tking 0"^ expedi1 kottom." .A ""ke'-sea relics would be o^ly ifm'P°"ges; f'f'^'ous start.^^ought, was off to an The Mandalinci ~{u np 'dental. ^^eveninuK c A gerine" in Turkish-w/p means "tan- f^PPkes for f the equipment an trechandiri (page 6971 „ ^ leathered old morni aboard. At dawn maneuverable, double-endL°^ ^^ose highly '^^f'^ked the shor^'^'' developed mthe Aegean archl f ^^g boats m^°hrum is aflJ ^rop behind. oarchipelago f the edge 0? l P®" hanging to the coast 'S Affi' toot hills. Th ^"'Phitheater of thousand- wy*" • .•ik.ir Bronze Age Bullion ap k'^t those hills believed to'^hfefp!; '^'th aleglike f "Oxhide "E '"got.smelted in in " """""IAN ©NATIONAL geographic SOClE'' kSea\ have seen the glories of the past, for Bodrum spot the captain had promised to show me. I is the site of the ancient Halicarnassus. That donned snorkel and mask and slipped over fabled city was the birthplace of Herodotus, the side into the channel's crystal-clear water. _ <'vV' |,•'oTfoy^^-^ father of written history. It was the location There, below me, was a fantastic mass of 'iREECtr^f9^an}\r ^ of the famous Mausoleum, built to honor the amphorae, some broken and some complete, /s/ci/y^ r/ithenr^^"-)3^.i2n!ll \ Carian king Mausolus, and oneofthe ancient lying on the bottom only 25 feet down, My<!enae-?sfitiievs-',aodrum Seven Wonders of the World.
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