Online Electronic Auctions by Tom Cederlind. (Our first auction, including quality ancient coins in all price ranges, will be held very soon.) Be sure to register to participate at www.tomcederlind.com.
• TOM CE DERLIND PO Box 1963, Dept. C Portland, OR 97207 (503) 228-2746 Fax (503) 228-8130 Email: TomCederlind @earthlink.net
J Vot. 17, No. 12 December 2003 Consecutive Issue No. 198 FEATURES
6 First Christian Symbols On The Ce/atot'" Roman Imperial Coins lncorpor.lting by Mark Dunning ROil/Oil Coins and Cuiwrt 28 Roman Imperial Persons In Page 6 PublisherlEditor North America Kerry K. Wetterstrom [email protected] by Cornelius VermeuJe 34 Coins and Contraceptives: The Copy Editor Plant That Made Kyrene Famous W. Jeffrey \Vrntcr by John M. Riddle For Back Issue> From DEPARTMENTS 1987 to May 1999 contact: Doris J. Sayles Doris @ancientcoins.ac 2 Editor's Note - Coming Next Month 4 Letters to the Editor An: Parnell Nelson 32 Art and the Market - Profiles in Numismatics P.O. Box 839 36 Coming Events L.ancasler, PA 17608 TeVFax: 717-656-8557 40 The Other Side by Philfip Davis Express mail (FedEx & UPS only) to: 40 Quotes From The Past Kerry K. Wetterstrom 87 Apricot Ave 41 On the Road - The Celotor's Show & Club Schedule Leola, PA 17540-1788 www.celator.com 42 The Internet Connection
T1Jt ~(ISSN fl048-0ge6) is an by Thorn Bray & Kevin Barry Page 34 n::IepeoOOnI journal po..i:*shed on Ihe first dayol ead'l 1T"I(Qh aI~ Apricd Ave, 43 ANTIQ\) ITI ES by David Liebert Leola, P)\ 17540. k is circulated ioter· naliooally through s<.Jbs<;nptionS and special dislrbaions. &bscripcion raleS, 44 ([oill9; of ti)e JLlible by David Hendin About the cover; payable in U.s. fLorls. ate $30 per year A selection oj photos showing (Perioc:boI.-)wiIWl1hRlWedSlaI8$; 46 The Market - Recent Catalogs, etc. early Christian symbols on S361OCereda; $48 peryearlO8IOCher Constanlinian com.ge. (Pho adoi'esseB (lSAL). AcMl!tisi'lg and oopv by Jeff Winter deacIne is !he firs1 WO!kday aI each tos lrom Roman Camby- Kent monIh. lJns(io;iIed arIi:Ies and news re and Hirmer) . leases 8t9 ~. howeYer pOOIiea. 47 tfhrough the .cooking glass tioo eanr.ot be goJafanleed. Unless e~· pfflSStt stated. The Ceialo..-neiIhe< en by Wayne G. Saytes dorses oor Is responsible !or the cor> _ 01 ~ 1en_1O-the- 48 Ask the Experts by James A. Hauck ediIDr. leature 8I1icIes, regular coUms and preM reI&ases in iIs pages. incl.d ingN"fopFOons staled ~ InIIhII 50 Cartoon ~ CeIaro< office wit ao:cuacyoltJtridala~t".ilao;n. be CIosod from Wed dluIors. F'9riocIcaI posIage paid (USPS 51 Professional Directory day, Dec) 24" to M0n IIXl6077}Lancaster. PA 17603and lid (iti(:Ir.al o/Iioes. day Jan.tS,tIl for the 58 Club Directory Chrislma~ .~ew Year CopyrigI1t C 2003, Paradigm H oIidayS. ~QffiCe hciurs Numismatics & Publistling, Inc. 59 Classifieds - Index of Advertisers are generally 11AM 10 Postmaster: please send 6PM EST,-exqept for address changes to: W~(9 AM PO. Box 839 Noon). lancaster, PA 17608 EDITOR'S NOTE
If you don't regularly rc3d ''The "Horse / Palm Tree" Internet Connec Tetra dra clmls : tion" by Thom Bray and Kevin Barry. then The First Carthaginial1 Coins please lake an extra few minutes and read by John Ta tman this month's column. Though lighthearted in style. it is substanti al in conlent, as Iypi Bowers, the noted U.s. coinage scholar. Campgate Bron zes and cal for these Iwo affable numismatists. dealer and author (who has more than a Without spoiling their column for you, it pa<;s ing interest in ancient coinage). Dave Romal1 Fire Signalling is along the lines of giving someth ing b.'lck Bowers was the president and owner of by Murray K. Dahrn to the hobby, especially during the holi Bower.; and Ruddy Galleries, which later day season. evolved into Bowers and Merena Galler Apollo Lykeios In Ancient As I readThom and Kcvin'scolumn, I ies after its move from Los Angeles to New Ta rsos Nu mismatics Hampshire. started to recall the people - collectors, by Bekircan Tahberer dealers. museum curators. and friends - lftherecverwas iUl individ ual that would appear 10 be far too busy to come teach a that had inspired or mentored me in some AND COMING SOON way over the years. By sharing with me week-long seminar at Color.u:lo Springs, it and others the benefit of their knowledge was Q. David Bowers. But he did and for and experience. it helped in my own pur several years after that also. Evcnrually he Bymntine 101 - Part 2 suit of this hobby_ Often the biggest com would serve on the ANA's Boord of Gover by Pme Fitts mitment thai these individuals had to make ~ and then wa~ the cxganization's pre<>i was simply setting aside some ofthcir lime dent. This is in addition to his constant oot An Echo of Bucephalus put of very wonhwhilc numismatic literatlll"C. arui. Aonws by William F Spengler "/ did not actually send this cover letter to Dave Bowers, TIro Greek Notes but his example direclly led me 10 pursue a career in numismatics, by Peter Lampinen instead ofth e oil business. A decision I have never regrened." Hellenistic Influences on Hasl1lonean Attitudes Toward Graven Images & to talk with fellow collcctors, young orold, From that one week summer seminar, Silver Shekels ofTyre experienced or the novice. Dave Bowers inspired me \0 become a by Ronn Berrol I have uied to do the same thing myself coin dealer. I rccull that during my sopho whenever possible; modeling mysclfto some more year in col lege I was required to take Roman Provincial Coins HI: degree on those individuals that directly and a course in "Technical Writing", which Temples and Images indudcd preparing a resume and cover posilively influenced my growth as a nwnis by Cornelius Vermeule matist, fin;t as a collector, then as a dealer, leller as a homework exercise. While most and now as the editor of this magazine. of my friends wrote their cover letters to The Moon Is A Harsh Mis I remember very clearly how thri lled I the heads of Mobil, Exxon, Texaco, etc. (I tress, The Rise and Fall of was to attcnd my frrst American Numis was studying to be a Petroleum Engineer matic Association (ANA) Summer Semi at the time), I chose to address my cover Cleopatra II Selene nar in Colorado Springs during the sum leiter 10 Q. David Bowers and prepared a by Michael Burgess mer of 1979. I was fortunate enough to resume based on my "experience" as a have received a scholarship to attend the numismati st. I did not actually send this Crescent and Star and ANA Summer Seminar from the group cover letter to Dave Bowers. but his ex Rela ted Images mnplc directly led me to pursue a career in known as D.A.W.N . or thc Denver Area by David Wray World Numismatists. I can count practi tlumisrnatio;, instead of the oil business. A cally every member of this ""grasS-rooLS" decision I have never regretted. A Gassical Romance Whether it 's a hol iday gift or a new nu mismatic organizalion as a friend and by George M. Burden, M.D. mentor, then and today. The class that I year's resolution, try to "make" the ti me signed up for was called "All About to share your hobby wi th someone in the Coins", which was taught by Q. David comi ng year. You won't regret it !
'lhe CeiAtdl is named 5dl a>td dedicated to the corn die-e>tiiMve~s 05 a>ttiquit~ whose Mt ~emai>ts as powe~tul a>td appeali>t'} toda'f as i>t thei~ ow>t time.
2 The Gelator PUBLIC AUCTION to be held in conjunction with the New York International Numismatic Convention
January 16th -1"]th, 2004
featuring ANCIENT COINS WO RLD COINS (Including a Superb ColleClion of Spanish Colonial Coinage) MEXICAN COINS WORLD PAPER MONEY (Featuring Part I of the Finest Collection of .['hl'liPJ,ine Paper Money Ever to be Auctioned)
Catalogs available for $25 each. The entire catalog may be viewed on our web site starting December 18!h, 2003 at: www.ponterio.com
PONTERIO & ASSOCIATES 1818 Robinson Ave., San Diego, CA 92103 P.N.G. #308 800-854-2888 or 619-299-0400 Fax 619-299-6952; E-mail: co~nterio.com
AmericcnNumismoric • , , Q < , • , , Q • Licensed Auction Company #968 L M. #2163 Richard H. Ponterio - President
December 2003 3 about scratching. I put my silver and Coin Software Review gold coins in little polyethylene film Clarification bags, and then inside Mylar flips. A little bit 01 toning on silver coins is Thank you lor the review ol The Vir nice, but I don't li ke my silver coins tual Coin Cabinet II (VCC2) in the Oc to turn black. The polyethylene film tober issue. As its programmer, I would wrap helps with preventing tarnish like to clarify a few th ings, which were ing by preventing contact with the confu sing or missing in the review of atmosphere. I also line the storage several products. box for my silver coins with the lab First, Michael Marotta told me that ric, which is used to line the boxes the computer on which he cou ld not Some Comments that are sold for the storage of silver on "Flips" install some of the programs (includ dinnerware. ing VCC2) did not meet the published Gharles Suter Minimum System Requirements - it As a retired chemist with some Stow, Ohio work experience with va rious plas was an old modified 386 processor. tics and corrosion , I have some com Hardware and software requirements ments on the flips used for coin stor Enjoyed Mcivor's Article on were not mentioned in the review even age. We should not assume all vinyl "Astronomical Roman Coins" when clearly stated by the makers. flips to be id entical. There may be Testing on hardware known to be in good ones and bad ones, but it's adequate should never be the basis of I wou ld like to let you know that I probably imposs ib le to identify which published reviews. read most of the articles in The Ge is which prior to use. Commercial He states ~ I also found a small bug ," la tor each mon th. This is even vinyl films consist o f PVC resin but then omits to inform us what il was. though the articles are outside my fluxed with large amounts of plasti When 1 asked, he told me that it was a area of interest as far as collecting cizers, usually various high molecu menu item which failed to ~refresh ~ on is concerned. On the other hand , the tar weight esters, and small amounts his monitor until the mouse ·rolled over" history of the ti mes and people draw of organa metallic stabilizers to pre it Announcing a program has a ~ bug · me to the articles. vent the PVC from generating hydro without describing it or clarifying that it I have thought about writing be chloric ac id. In other words, a non has no affect on th e program's use sim fo re but I guess th e laziness factor homogenous material of varied com ply creates doubt without providing in stops me as well as others but not position with the potential to gener form ation. No one else has reported his th is month. Th e article by Robert S. ate hydrochlori c acid. I had a bronze experience, and it did NOT affect the Mcivor reached me on two levels. coin badly damaged by a vinyl flip. running or performance of the software One was the coins and lore about Si lver and gold coins might be less when it occurred. Julius Caesar, Augustus and the subject to damage than bronze. All programs reviewed were tested comets. The other way it reached me Mylar is for all practical purposes on pre-XP Windows computers onty. was that t, too, am an amateur as iner! and cannot corrode coins, al Details of th e test machines would have tronomer. I never t hought about though I have read that it is so hard clarified several points, including the checking up on the stories, even that it could scratch gold and maybe comment about the Macintosh though there are many cases where silver coins. Polyethylene is even ·schema" which he discovered within I have seen references to observa more inert than Mylar to the point it VCC2. VCC2 is the ONLY prog ram re tions made by the Chi nese. Great can be used as insulation in under viewed which ru ns identically on BOTH research Robert. I also would like to ground electrical wiri ng. Polyeth yl Windows and Macintosh and was de ask if I might be able to reprint the ene films are quite soft and should signed to handle ancient and medieval article for my amateur astronomy not scratch coin metal. I keep my coins. Coin records in VCC2 can be club here on l ong Island. bronze coins in Mylar flips. Bronze moved without translation between Ken Kugler is hard enough that I don't worry New York Please tum to page 50 ., ..
IWltIv...... TAS(J<"':\.-.os ClJSOBUL'I II (ON~IO) El\\TlCOJ5 TRIA\!, ~ II.\T l.OOf'"I" CAloIUl.OOU! 4 The Gelator (Pegasi NUMISMATICS Ann Arbor, M I Holicong, PA Jfistoria 1Vumismata (The History of Money) - Issue 130 Complimentary Copy Upon Request -'--- Get some History lVitlr your Coins Article: "Hadrian ". "Quality Coins for Discriminating Collectors" Pegasi :Numismatics POBox 131040 Phone: (734) 995-5743 Ann Arbor M I 48113 Fax: (734) 995-3410 Visit us on the Web at: www.PegasiOnline.com Our ful/-service searchable Web site of ancient and medieval coins, antiquities and books for sale; historical information; historical and numismatic articles; maps; photo archive; and a user forum: Visit our VCoins store at: www.vcoins.com/pegasi December 2003 5 First Christian Symbols on Roman Imperial Coins display their logos. Some 530 years after Constantine, but his Historyoflhe Church by Mark Dunning Ptolemy III the XP was popularized as and The Lije oJConstantine are important Christ's ensign. sources of the period. Eusebius wrote Jesus Chrisl was a relatively new dei- what the emperor said of the vision (L. of The scope of early Christian art in- Iy among gods in the Roman Empire. c., [,xxviii-xxxi). To summarize, at mid- eludes architecture, paintings, mosaics, Roman emperors were generally tolerant day Constantine looked above the sun and sculptures, intaglios, pottery and Roman of people worshiping any god they chose. saw a "trophy of a cross" of light having wins. The reign of Constantine I (307- Cities and towns had patron gods. Emper- on it an inscription saying to conquer by 337) brought a major boost to Christiani- ors were often named chief priest'?-uf the this sign. That night in a dream Constan- ty and to its iconography. Constantine was empire" entitled Pollfiju- Maximlls. They tine saw Christ and the same cross. Christ the first Christian Roman emperor. He was oversaw ~mp le ceremonies IV Rome and commanded him to use this sign as a safe- a great benefactor for the Christian faith, were supreme judges on religious mau~ ~ s . guard against his enemies. Constantine legally and financially. Emperors were sometimes deified after ordered a likeness made of what he saw. Symbols of the emperor's new faith, death. Christianity opposed the worship To display the sign, a long spear with a the Chi-Rho Christogram (XP), fonTIS of of other god~ and humans. SOffiymper- transversed bar was made and overlaid thec~ss induding the ~a u- Rho (TP),. ~nd ors persecuted Christians and tncd to de- wilh g? ld. On top was made a gold and t ~l~ hand .0fGod are depl~led on.Constdn- stroy their churches and writings. Some jeweled,. wreath, which wilhin contained tlIl13n. comage: .~any believe thIS was the Christians refused to offer sacrifices to the the Chi-~o sign, the first two Greek lct- first Wile Chfl~l!an s.ymbols appeared on emperOl'(flin), the Younger, Epistle x). ~er.~-o f ehrist, ::: PlO"tOcr or XPISTOS. Roman. l m~~nal, COl~s . There h ~en, Roth Suetoniu ~ and Tacitus wrote of RV Eusebius states he actually saw this stan- ?1uchdl~u.ss.lOn andcontro~ersy concem- ~n contempt for the sect that rose from dard and specifically says the P was inter- lllg the ongllls and ~Ilean1tlgs of these Judaism.Following Christ was a ':new and sected at the center with the X. A beauti- emblems. Thc autho1"1s a coll~clor, nO.t .an wicked sup.erstition" (Suetonius, Nero, fully decoraled cloth was hung from the ex~rt. At the. nsk o.f t.I1\;c1mg familiar xvi). But Christianity continued to spread crossbar below thc XP. Constantine also terntol)', here IS a bnet. hlstol)' of ~ese through periods of persecution and rcla- had an XP placed on his helmet.' symbols and a short review of the coms. tive calm. Transuion was coming, most There has been some misunderstand- notably' by a bridgei In 312 Constantine's ing and disagreement over what Constan- The Chi· Rho "/ - . army fou~ t' fheanhy ofMaxenti!ls by lhe tine-saw in the sky partly because of the Milvia~]jridge near Rome. Constantine's rather confo.~ ng manner Eusebius de- The Chi-Rho monogram appears on forces were some 90,000 foot sohliers scribes th ~v ent. Eusebius says Constan- the reverse of a third centul)' BC bronze compared to l70,CXJO foot soldiers of Max· tine sa~ "trophy of a cross" with the in- coin of Ptolemy III (BMC 6.55, 87). b 9ltius, but these numbers may, be inflated scriryon(L.orc., I, xxviii). Eusebius later viously this was not a Christian symbci . (Gibbon, Decline and FalL. 1>;, xiv, note d,7"Cribes the spear/crossbar .as havin~ a Thousands of abbreviations, abstract 51). Civil wars were corrunon in the em- cross shape (L. of c., l, XXXI). EuseblUs monograms and letter ligatures (letters pire. However, lhis time Constantine re- continues by stating a golden imagcofthc shming the same line or overlaid on an portedly prayed to a non-traditional god emperor and his children was fixed to the other) arc found on ancient coins and their for help and saw a miraculous vision. TIle spear above the banner but below the "tro- countennarks. They refer to a name, title, next day, Constantine won the battle and phy of the cross." Eusebius thus uses date, mintmark, denomination, officina, Maxcntius was killed. "cross" to referto the spear/crossbar shape etc . Ancient coins were designed to ad Years later Bishop Eusebius (260-339) and to the XP. Evidently, Eusebius under- vertise infonnation, just as today's gov visited with Constantine. Eusebius clear- stood the letter X as having a serendipi- ernments, corporations and spons teams ly has a Christian bias and he glorifies to us double meaning. It represented Cluist's crucifixion cross and also was the first letter of Christ in Greek. Christian author Lactantius (250-325) knew Constantine and was a teacher for Ancient Coins Constantine's eldest son Crispus. Lactan • Mail Bid Sales Villi III/I II//('rJ1('1 \lle lit tius wrote soon after the event and states '" ~ T~ • Fixed Price Lists wuw-rosenblumcoins.com the emperor saw a divine sign prior to the ~ W • Buy or Bid Sales battle of the Milvian bridge, a ti lted X with .~~.~ • Numismatic Literature the upper bar having a bent top to fonn a P (Deaths o/the Persecutors, 44.5). Chris Specializing in moderate priced ludaean coins tian writers Socrates (380-450) and Sozo (serious want-lists solicited) men (early 5lh cent.) also record Constan ''':8!'''''; .... . tine's vision/dream, but they may have taken their information from L..'lctantius or William M. Rosenblum /rare coins !'f~'I~ Eusebius. Whether or not Constantine p.O. box 355-CE, everg reen, colo. 80437-0355 ~ ~ , phone 303-838-4831; 910-8245 · fax 838-1213 · [email protected] -;><'" 6 The Celator Miinzen und Medaillen AG 1942-2003 For 61 years we have been serving collectors ofAncient Coins ... and we would like to serve you too! • Quarterly Illustrated Fixed Price Lists· • Public Sales· Appraisals · Buying and Selling· • Large Stock in All Price Ranges· ( Please send us your want list. We will fill it! ) Three offi ces to serve you: Miinzen und Medaillen AG Malzgasse 25, Postfach 3647, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerl and Telephone: (011 ) 4 1 61 272 75 44 ' Fax: (011 ) 4 161 272 75 14 M&M Numismatics, Ltd. P.o. Box 65 908, Washington, D.C. 20035 USA Telephone: (202) 833-3770 • Fax: (202) 429-5275 Miinzen uDd MedailleD Deutschland GmbH Postfach 2245 0-79557 Weil, Germany Telephone: (011 ) 49 76 2148 560· Fax: (01 I) 49 76 2148 529 December 2003 7 really had this vision/dream is not as im Fall ... , I, xviii). Eusebius states Constan nance the construction of splendid church portant as Constanti ne's growing accep tius I worshiped the one supreme God (L. es in Rome, Constanti nople, Antioch, and tance of Christianity. ofC, I. xvii).Artcr reflectingon thedown ~ Jcrusalem and also caused the destruction Constantine's Christian tendencies fea fal l of fonner rulers who worshiped many of severa l temples of the ancient gods. In sibly came more From a gmdual ch:mge gods, Constantine made a decision to fol ~ 325 Constantine convened the great ecu in his theology rather than a moment of low his father's monotheism (L. of C , I, menical Chureh counci l at Nicea which rebirth. His father, Constantius I, allowed xxvii; Socrates, £eel. Hi.l"t., I, ii). crctlted a confession of faith called the Christi an teachers to instrtlct the youths In 313 Constantine and Licinius I de- Nicene Creed. of the royal family (Gibbon, Dedine and creed at Milan that Christians be given Critics of Constantine's sincerity of freedom to worship and that churches faith emphasize the executions of Crispus muld regain confiscated pruperty. Con :md Coltstantine's second wife Fausta. In stantine ex pressed tolerance towan! the 326 Cri spus was apparently accused of ancient religions, but also issuededicls conspiracyor immoral cond uct by his step against them (L. ofC, 2, lvi, lx, 3, lxi v, mother Fausta. Constantine ordered his lxv). In about 320 Licinius placed n> son to be killed. On simi lar suspicions, strictions on Christi ans in his realm by Fausta was shortly thereafter put to death. issuing several laws against the faith. Another criticism of Constantine is that Constantine's relationship with Licin he was not baptized un til close to his de ius was sometimes strained and their mise. This could indicate Constantine was a!lnies met in bllu le several times. Con not completely dedicated to the Christian stantine used Christ's standllrd in com faith. Gibbon specUlates because bapti sm bat. entrusting at least fift y soldiers to clcunscd only past sins, Constantine may its care (L. ofC.. 2, vii-viii). Licinius ha ve thought he should postpone the sac was concerned about the power of rament (Declille alld Fall .. , I, xx). nle XP (Chi-Rho) betwee" the eagle's Christ's standard and ordered his men Numerous books, article.<; and web sites legs. ~'''OWIl here Oil the reverse of (I not to att ac k where the standard was discuss Constantine's vision/dream and Ptolemy III broll:.e, cOllld be a" located (L. of e., 2, xvi). In 324 Con the Chi~Rh o. Some scholars and numis abbreviatio/l Ja r the Greek word stantine defeated Licinius. Licinius matists doubt if the XP originally meant XPEITON meaning "goM/'". (Pholo relinquished power, but was soon con Christ. Explanations for the XP on Con Jrom Dic MUnzen def Pto lemiier, fined and execut ed. stantine 'S coins have been proposed by Frankfurt am Main, No. 117). Constantine demonstrated his coi n experts, historians and others who Christian inclinations by helping to fi- have (I theological agenda. Rounding up the suspects, here is a list of interpreta tions: a) Militlll )' Logo. Roman military stan dards were called I'exillum, deri ved from FRANK L. KOVACS I'e/lflll. meaning s.1.il. A piece of decora ti ve cloth someti mes hung from a stan Ancient Coins & Antiquities darer s crossbar. The top of the standard occasionally had an ornament, an eagle, etc. Some Roman coins depict an inscribed cloth banner on the standard. The f:unous www.frankkovacs.com tenth legion likcly displayed un X on the cloth or on top of their standards. But this and now addi tional coins al so at author is nol aware of any ROlllun coins showing letter ligatu res on a standard un ti l Constantine's XP. If the XP was initial www.vcoins.comlfrankkovacs ly a mil itary logo, not intended to sym boli zc Christ, then what W:IS its military meaning? A military definition for a sec Specializing over 30 years in Greek and Roman coi ns ular XP was nOl found by this author. b) Denomination value. The Greek numeric value of XP is 700. The Con stantinian XP appears on bronze, sil ver und Advanced collectors especially will benefit gold coins, eliminating any chance the XP is a mark of val ue. from my expertise and resources c) MOl/eyers Name. Since the XP ap pears on issues from several mints and was occasionally struck from Constantine into the Byzantine era, it is doubtful the sym frank@ frankkovacs.com (4 15) 256-2432 bol has any connection with a mint offi cial's name. fax (4 15) 945-9916 d) Sun-god. This intelVrctation has X as mys of th e sun, and P "pater" as father, P.O. Box 151790 ' San Rafael , California 949 15-1790 8 The Gelator Want Your Ancient Coins Graded, Authenticated and Encapsulated? Well, here's all you need! In addition to grading, authenticating and encapsulating your ancient coins, leG will attribute your coins. The attributions will include: • Approximate date or date range • Issuing empire, city or region) 9 • Denomination • Ruler or authority leG • Metal type • Weight (if space is available on label) Please photocopy this form and send it with your coins via USPS Registered mail to: INDEPENDENT" ICG · 7901 E. Belleview Avenue, Suite 50 · Englewood, COBOII l INSTRUCTIONS: (Please follow exactly or if you have a question call James Taylor toll-free 877-221 -4424 ext.203.) Invoice aSSigned Address * City Date received Slale Zip+4 Phone Verified Fa)( E·mail # Coins in box B. Line# Date Mint Denomination MSor Country or Variety/Attribution Estimated Mark Proof? Authority Value I J 4 S 6 7 If you need more space, simply photocopy form as many times as needed. c Payment Worksheet Payment Worksheet Payment Worksheet Ancients or World D. PAYMENT CALCULATIONS, 0 1 Day $100 $ (a) • 01 coiII$ lee per coin 0 5Dav $50 , P = $ (b) .01 coins tram aboYe IMteroept lee 0 150ay $30 , §5 $ (cl optional • of ooins lot va,ietyiatt riooti()(1 iH o Economv Gold $30 va'iety/anrlbutlotl o ECOnomV Non-Gold $20 Relurn registered postage, Insurance, lntercepl bo~ (valued at 515), $ $ 24 (d) packaging & handling (Flat rate per order. This covers only 1t1e costs 0 1 returning the coins Orders can not be to you. You are responsible for sooding your coins iosure NEED MORE INFORMATIONl Card number ______~ Exp . Oale' ______Call James Ta ylor toll-free 877-221 -4424 x 203 Orders can not be processed unless payment is included with the order. FA X 303-221-5524 [email protected] o::=====Signalure (This Sub mission== Form=-======;;- must be signed for your orde, to be processed) __ Dale______ December 2003 9 the sun-father, Sol. Or, X a~ the rays of the sun, and P is Ra, the Egyptian sun-god. The X or XP as possible sun worship symbols amazingly comes from two oppo site points of view. Some athei st web sites label Christianity as a myth that borrowed common spir itual themes from older religions such as good/evil, light/darkness, death/resurrection. Christianity supposedly took Sol's X or XP symbols and used them for Christ. On the other extreme are funda mentalist Christian Web sites that proclaim the Church was cor rupted when pagan worship practices were in troduced, in The earliest example of (1 Chi-Rho used 011 a coin of Constantine 1 is this special silver cluding Sol's X or XP sign. The medallion (miliarelIsis?) issued or Ticilllllll or perhaps the Rome mint ill 3/5 AD. The Persian sun-god Mithras, Helios high-crested hellllet i.l· adorned wilh a small XP lI1onograll1. (Photo from Roman Coins to the Greeks, became Sol in by Kent & Hirmer). Roman limes as Sollnvictlls (in vincible sun). Sol was a major competitor of Christianity during Constantine's reign. Constant ine strm;k believe /11(.11 Ihe Sill! is our got/. We shall Several pagan practices were indeed coins with images of Jupiter, Mars and be COlll1led Persians perhaps. though we incorporated into the Christian faith. The most frequently Sol. do I/ot worship the orb of day painted title POllfifex Maximll.l" was adopted by the Early Christians were accused of be 0/1 a piece of linen cloth, having himself popes. The nimbus was shown above the ing sun worshipers, a charge Tertullian el'l!rywhere in his OWII disk. The idea head of the sun-goo before being used in (ca. 160-ca. 225) refuted: 110 doubt has originatedfrom our heing Christian art. Victory (N ike) was recast '"Others, (.I";(.Iill, certainly with more kllowll 10 turn to the eaST ill prayer.·' as an angel of the Lord. The true date of illJorma/ion and greater verisimililude, Apology, xvi Christ's birth is unknown. December 2S was chosen by the Roman church to cor respond with the winter solstice and the Natalis Invictus festival of the Sun's birth Tuke" Closer Look ... lIl1d SL'C it All! (Gibbon, Decline and FalL., I, xxii, note IIelY!is mllll collect(II",'J4' tle(llt~ I"s 'W()1'hlwhle lise 0111" 22). Pope Leo the Great (ca. 400-461) Deluxe :\1 iCI'os('opes wrote that some Christians. due to igno This could be your favorite new tool for: rance or heathenism, turned to the rising "'Authenticity & Evaluations "'Grading sun and bowed to it (Sermon xxvi). "'Damage & Repairs "'Special Die Details However, if the X or XP were ever Sol's symbols, this author found little ev Features idence. Of seven reference books on signs • 20x & 40x Magnifications w ith adjustable and symbols conSUlted, only one mentions fl ip up mirror and 7.5x Telescope. a Chi-Rho connection with the Chaldean • Parfocal - !v\aintains focus from higher "sky god" and without citing any substan to lower magnifications, and easily tiating sources." The usual symbols for sun-gods were the solar disk and radiate changed by rotating objectives. crown. Letters, words and symbols • So li d die cast aluminum and all optical evolve. Their usage and meanings can elements are of Optical Glass, no change. If the X or XP were used for Sol p lastic parts are used. Over T tall and worship, pronouncing them inherently fu lly functional at multiple lighting levels. corrupt is ludicrous. e) Mil1l Mark. Patrick Bruun, author • Completely portable I includes of Roman Imperial Coinage, Va!. vn (RIC zippered carrying case and strap, VII), states the XP 011 Constantinian coin for convient home and show use l age was a mintmark for issue or imperial Easy to use and focus ... don't leave home w ithout it! rank. He is skeptical of an initial Chris Compact & Maxipowered • $99 or 2 for $185 tian connection (pp. 61 -64, 418-419). Shipping included in Continental USA Looking at R.lC VI, VII and Late Roman ~E ~ ,; Brollze Coinage (LRBC), the only letter Please contact us for free ligatures this author found for Constan '/h14 tJ/111I1'I Catalog. Other economical tine issues are the Chi-Rho and Tau-Rho. PO ao~ 15134; Port1ft lld, OR 97~Y3 Why were these chosen over hundreds of Phone I Fax, (503) 234-1262 models, including those with built in E-mail : [email protected] t light sources are available. 10 The Celator The New York Sale VII THE NEW YORK SALE AUCTION VII In conjunction with lhe New York International Coin Convention (NYINC) January 15, 2004 January 15, 2004 The Wald01f Astoria H aIel, Pm·k Avenue, New York City M&M Numismatics Ltd. Baldwin's Auctions Ltd. A NICE SELECTION OF ANCIENT GREEK, Omitry Markov Coins & Medals ROMAN, BYZANTINE & EUROPEAN COINS The New York Sale VIII and THE NEW YORK SALE AUCTION VIII January 15, 2004 January 15, 2004 The Waldorf Astoria H otel, Park Avenue, N ew York City M&M Numismatics Ltd. Baldwin's Auctions Ltd. Rare Russian Coins & Medals Omltry Markov Coins & Medals Both catalogues available by mid December Please contact one of the partners as below: Baldwin's Auction Ltd. Dmitry Markov Coins & Medals M&M Numismatics Ltd. Attn: Seth Freeman Attn: Dmitry Markov Alln. Lucien Birkler II Adelphi Terrace P.O. Box 950 P.O. Box 65908 London, WC2N 6lB New York, N. Y. 10272 Washington, DC 20035 United Kingdom USA USA TeL ++44 20 7930 9808 TeL ++ 1 7183324248 TeL ++ l 202 833 3770 Fax. 79309450 Fax 718 332 8676 Fax 202429 5275 e-mail: auctions@ baldwin.sh e-mail: markov@baneLnel December 2003 11 possible letters combinations? The Ro In Christian context, the Ch i-R ho enlly neither the XP nor lhe TP were ever mans infrequently struck monograms and monogram is specifically used to represent used on Imperial Roman coinage un til letter ligatures, although they seem to ap Christ in two papyri of the Greek New Constantine. It does not seem logical that pear more often after Constantine, such Testament dating from the laic second and mint otlicials meant "time" for Constan- as the monograms of Marcian. tine's XP. The generic "good" could ex Numerous objects and letters were plain the XP on the bronze coin of Ptole struck for mint identification and series my III and may be the solution to Con marks. Presumably the mints kept stantine's XP. However, this author records of the many combinations of let fou nd no writings from the Roman peli ters, wreaths, stars, crescents, branches, od that specifically cite Constantine's XP etc. l Mint officials conceivably made as "good" or any olher secular meaning. these design changes for quality control. Without contradictory contemporary A degree of politics was certainly in sources it is reasonable to believe that volved in design decisions. Perhaps the Eusebius and Lactantius are correct, Chi-Rho and Tau-Rho were simply the Constantine's XP is a Christian symbol. anistic flare of mint officials, intended Eusebius and Laetantius were not eye only for series identification without witnesses at the battle of the Milvian broader meaning. bridge, but they were acquainted wilh oChi -Rho =Chrisi. In ancient texts the imperial family and expressed no variations of the Chi-Rho were used to 2.5X doubts about the monogram's meaning. abbreviate several words. Two non Mint ofticials likely used the XP know Christian uses of the Chi-Rho are found The reverse of an /E fa/lis depicting a ing it was thc cmperor's ensign, the sym on several Greek papyri that predate milirary standard with 3 lI1edallions and a bol of his favorite god. Mini officials would Constantine. The authors or readers who XP monogram above. The standard is not have needed in-depth knowledge of added comments abbreviated the noun piercing a snake below. (Photo from Roman Christianity, an understanding that fully XPEETON (CHRESTON) meaning Coins by Kent & Hirmer). developed Ctuisti,m faith meant rejecting "good," and wrote the XP monogram in aUothe r gods. If mint officials were poly the margins of the lines to denote a valu theistic, thcy possibly perceived the XP as able passage. ~ Anothcr Greek author representing Constantine's patron god and used XP for "time" XPONor (CHRO third ccntury AD.4 If Ihis dating is correct, struck it as a mintmark. NOS), though in a different form than it proves the Chi- Rho was used for Christ The origin of the XP for Christ most Constantine's XP3 before Constantine's vision/dream. Appar- probably came from Christians before Constantine's vision/dream and he simply adopted the sign. In Christian art, the Chi Rho appears on the Passion Sarcophagus ca. 350, on several fourth century epitaph NUMISMATIC A ARS CLASSICA inscriptions and on late Roman oil lamps. When the first Constanti ne XP coins cir ANCIENT COINS AND MEDALS culated we might wonder if there was great GREEK - ROMAN - BYZANTINE - MEDIEVAL - RENAISSANCE interest among the populace. Most peo ple were illiterate and many still worshiped AUCTIONS - LISTS ancient gods. But the Christian meaning of Chi-Rho would have been spread by VALUATIONS the clergy and the imperial family. If not from the stan, the XP on Roman coins was soon understood 10 be Christ's sign. The C ross The cross symbol, two conjoined lines, was used long before Ctuistianity. Theearli est crosses are on walls in pre-historic caves in Europe.5 Ankh, the Egyptian hieroglyph for life is a T with an oval on top. ~ The Chaldean god Tammuz (the son who rises) Catalogues upon request was sometimes represented by the Greek let ter tau T. Swastikas are seen on Greek coins annual subscript ion fatc US$ I (Xl and Hittite monuments. Plato, in Timae NUMISMATICA ARS CLASSICA AG us, discusses how the spirit-being demi urge unites Ihe physical world with the Niederdorfstrassc 43 3rd Floor Genavco House spirit world by using two sutures form PO Box 745 17 Waterloo Place ing a X.7 Intersecting lines in the fields CH-8025 Zurich London SWJY 4AR of ancient coins often represent a star or Tel. +41 12611703 Tel. +44 207 839 7270 are part of a monogram. Fax, +41 1 261 53 24 Fax. +442079252174 12 The Celator America's Most Prestigious NYINC NEW YORK INTERNATIONAL Ancient & Foreign Coin Show NUMISMATIC CONVENTION The 32nd Annual www~ NEW YORK INTERNATIONAL NUMISMATIC CONVENTION The Waldorf Astoria Hotel- New York City 301 Park Avenue between East 49" & 50''' Streets. (212) 355-3000 Call/he Waldorf ASTOria Holel reservations deparlmenl at the above number and ask for the special NYINC rare of $190, $219 or $229 depending on accomodatiolls selected. Security by Positive Protection, In c. AUCTIONS BY, (760) 728- 1300 • Classical Numismatic Group • Pontcrio & Associates • M&M Numismatics, Ltd./A.H. 8aldwin & SonsiDmitry Markov • Stack's • Heritage World Coin Auctions '~ Club Meetings ~e~~ Educational Forums /~ y~ Seminars .~ fF Exhibits ~?' Book Signings General Information: Kevin Foley P.O. Box 370650 Mjlwaukcc, WI 53237 (4 14) 42J-3484 - Fax (414) 423-0343 E-mail: [email protected] December 2003 13 Earl y Christian crosses came in sever higher than ordinary as iflo honor the con Chri st's crucifixion is recorded in the al fonns ind uding thecquila teralor Greek demncd(Suetonius. Golba. ix). A Roman gospels ofMauhew, Mark, Luke and John. +, the letter tau T. the letter chi X some stone fi gure from Halicarnassus depicts a Some of the earliest sUlviving copies o f times called SI. Andrew's cross. the these gospels are written in Greek. 11lese Tau-Rho monogram and the Latin Greek copies use the noun sta/ifOS to de cross cmx illllllissa (t). Cross sym scri be the wood Christ was nai led upon, bols fro m the Roman era before and the verb suwma for the act of cruci Constantine are difficult to interpret fi xion. Most English Bibles translate the as C hri st's cross. A cross on un word stauros as "cross," Cross is derived object, waH aTcoin without knowl from the Latin crux. Cross and C/'lIX do edge of a C hristian context could not accurately characterize the original easil y have adifferem meaning than me aning of stauros. Christ's cruci fi xion. Some Christians thcrefore believe that The Greek writer Herodo tus im:lgcs of Christ on a cross wil h his nnns (484'?-425? BC) in Hi~·tori es . 9. cxx , outstretched at about 9O-degrees is incor mentions crucifixi on. 1lle primitive rect. Chri st may have been crucified on a fonn of the crucifixion beam was an stauros without a crossbar, his hands nai led upri ght wo(xicn stake or pole, which together or separately above his head. the Greeks called a stalllV!; (Homer, Some contend the Christi an cross evolved Iliad, xxiv, 453; Thucycidi des, His fro m the pagan sign ofTmnmuz, 1'. How tory, v, 90). The stauros. cmx ,I';m cver. lirst century Judaea was a mixture of p/ex, did not have a crossbar. During 1.5X Jewish, Greek and Roman worlds. For the Roman era Cicero, Tacitus. Suc- A gold medallion of Constantine I depict those who spoke and wrote in Greek, the toni us. Seneca. Josephus and others ing his bust with an upward. heavenly original meaning of staUl"Os almost certain cite incidents of crucifi xion. Cruci gaze. (From Roman Coins by Kent & ly broadened as a general lcnn to include fi xion was most onen a punishmem Hirmer). all thc beams used in a cruci fixion. Bible for non-citizens of the Roman Em- I; omme ntaries and e ncyclopedias com pire. Victims were tied or nai led to monly state the Romans used a crossbm, the upri ght structure, sometimes sufferi ng man on a stauros, his hands tied to the patibululII. for crucifi xions. Translators of several days before dyi ng. Nero had pole above his head. Sometimes the top ancient Greek texts often substitute "cross" Christians crucified (Tacitus, Annals. xv, of the stauros was sharpened so the con for stauros without comment. Unfortunate.. 44). Galba had an indiv idual cru cifi ed demned could be impal ed. Iy, it seems unknown when the Romans began using crossbars for crucifixions. Adding a crossbar to the staur'Os could have come from peoples and cu l tu re.~ that Rome conquered. Seneca (ca. 4 BC-AD 65) de scri bes such methods of lorture: " Yonder I.fee insrnllllenr.f o/wlll/re, 1I0r indeed of a single kind, bur differemly con (rived by different peop{e~' : some hong their tbitbal vi c tilll.~· with head to ward the ground. sOllie illllxile th eir private parts, others stretch oUltll eir armson aforked·shaped gibbet." Marcia on Consolati on. xx, 3 ~t[btr Another non-Christian source is Lu cian (ca. 120- 180). who wrote a fanci ful judgement of vowels. Lucian char acterizes the personified leiter tau T as violent, criticizing him (tau) for being $8 the shape of the stauros: " Sflluro.~ the vile engille is cal/ed. alld Curious about medieval as a nalural complement 10 your ancient ir derives irs viLe lIame from him. Now, collection, but don' t want to invest much until you know yo u like wirh af! these crimes upon hilll. (Ioes he 1101d e~'e n le death, nay mally deaths? For it? Then start small and painless. For every $8 you send, I' ll send my pari I know none bad ellollgh Inll thm you a different medieval coin ... SI6 for 2 different, $32 for 4 supplied by his OW l! shope; thaI shape different. $80 for 10 different, etc, With 12 diffe rent get a free which he gave to the gibbet /lallled ~· tau ro,f ofter him by mell. .. " copy of Walker's Readil/g M edieval European Coills. Please add Trial in the Court of Vowels, x. $2 postage per order. tn villages and rural areas a crux sim a gberman@aol. com plex or a li ving tree was sufficient for cru (845) 434·6090 cifixion (Tertutlian, Apology, ix). Major FAX (845) 434-6079 I1en G. Berman...... ' ...... , cities used a designated place outside city _ pos t a~ u .s, ord,,. add S2 P.O. Box 605-E 009fS<1 a S ordoJ,. " ~ t I t buye (s walls for crucifixions, such as Rome and ~~~ Fairlietd. CT 06430 USA ri$k and ..e atwa)'l welcome ,,' .' 14 The Celator 61 " ... u: ~s. 1-112 sil;q,... VOTV in 96 - . AU. Si";!>r; A""TlI in .... f o{ OOT December 2003 15 Jerusalem (Tacitus, Annals ii, 32; xv, 60; man citizens which Cicero (106-43 Be) From Christian authors, lrenaeus (ca . Mauhew27:33). In the metropolitan sites, abhorred (Speech ... oll Behalf of Gaius 130-200) provides one of the earliest de it was probably typical for several people Rabirius, iv, II : v, 16). A stauroswasalso scriptions of Christ's execution pole, He to be crucified on the same day (Matthew erected for visual intimidation absent a states Christ's cross had Ilve extremities, 27 :38). in times of revolt or war therc body (Josephus, JW 7, vi). Victims could two in its length, two in its bread th and a were mass crucifixions, as with the Spart fifth in the middle (Adv. Haer. II, 24). Per acus slave rebellion. Josephus records haps he was including a titulus, a foot sup several mass crucifixions of Jews; in one port and bracing. In countering the accu instance 2,000, and another where 800 sation that Christi ans worshiped the cross, hung from the stauros watching their chil Tertull ian explicitly men tions the cross dren and wives being killed in front of bar and argues the idols of other gods are them before they died (Josephus, Antiq. themselves fonns of a cross: 13, xiv; 17, x; JW 5, xi). "Every piece of timber which is fixed Scourging customarily preceded an in the ground in an erect position is pari execution. Another practice was to force of a cross, and indeed the greater portioll the convicted to carry thei r death pole to of its mass. But an entire cross is aUrib· the execution si te (Plutarch, Tard. Dei uled to us, with its transverse beall!, of \lind., ix). Chri st was beaten so badly that course, and its projection seat." Now ev another man had to carry the stauros (Mat ery ill/age, whether carved out of wood or thew 27:30-32). Occasionally an insult stone, or molten in metal, or produced out ing inscription, titl/lus, was placed on the 2. 5X of any other richer material, must needs person or on the stauros (Suetonius, DOll1i have fwd plastic hands engaged in its for The reverse of a bronze maiorina fian , x). Christ's titulus was placed above mariO/I. Well, then, this modeler. before of Magnentius, struck circa 353 his head (Matthew 27:37). If a rectangu he did anythil1g else, hit upon thefonn of AD, depicting the Ghristogram. lar titulus was put on a crux simplex above a wooden cross, because el'en our OWl! (From Roman Coins by Kent & body assumes as its natural position the the hands, it could have given the stauros Hirmer). the appearance of a T. latent and concealed outline ofa cross ...if It seems impractical to erect, then up YOII simply place a man with his ann\" alld root and throwaway a new stauros for still have carri ed a crossbar to the execu hands outstretched, you will make the gen every victim, especially in cities with mu l tion site, the n thecroSo.<;bar would have been eral outline oj a cross." ti ple exccutions or when wood was SClU"Ce, fastened to the stauros. Perhaps wooden Ad Nationcs, xii. Sometimes a stauros was fix ed in thc framing. a scaffold, was at times constmct Minucius Felix (2nd or early 3rd cent. ground and used repeatedly, even on Ro- ed to make gibbets for multiple executions. A D) in Octavius. xxix, analogizes the cross to the mast of a ship with i t~ sails at full wind (Roman shi ps often used a crossbar to sup jX)rt the sail). The !:'pistle of BanUliJas, ix, Edward]. Waddell, Ltd. (ca 130?) says Christ's cross was a T shape. Justin Martyr(ca. 100- 160) compares A ncient Co in Specialist the shape of Christ's cross to a ship's sail and to the human fonn with hands extend ed. In the same passage he states the Ro mans do not realize their standards resem ble the Lord's cross: "And the power of this Jorm is shown by your symbols on what is called vexilla alld trophies, with which all your state possessions are made, using this as the insignia of YOllr power alld govemment. evell though you do so umvitlingly. ,. First Apology, LV In Origen's (ca. ISS-2SI) commentary of Ezekiel 9:4, he states the mark on thc fore head was simil ar to tau, which was the shape of the sign of the cross that Christians made. On a Palatine wa ll in Rome is a graffi to of a donkey-headed human hanging on a T cross. To thc left is a man looking at the morphed creature. The inscription reads "Alexamenos adores his god." The date of this graffito is attributed to the ear ly third centul)' AD. interestingly, Tertul lian argues against the notion of the Chris tian god having a donkey's head, and blames EO. Box 37 59, Frederick, MD 21705 Tacitus for spreading this vicious minor Phone: (301) 473-8600 or (8(lO) 38 1.()j% · Fax: (301) 473,87 16· E·maih :[email protected] (Apology,xvi). 16 The Gelator 1\vo Important Sales to be held in BASEL/Switzl. HILTON HOTEL on th 'fuesday, December 16 , 2003 PUBLIC SALE 93 The Arthur Bally-Herzog (1849-1912) Collection of Important Roman Coins including many rarities and outstanding pedigrees (317 Lots) PUBLIC SALE 94 ANCIENT COINS COINS OF THE DARK AGES including an important collection of coins of the MEROVlNGIANS Fully iJ/ustrated catalogues available by mid November MUNZEN UND MEDAILLEN AG BASEL MALZGASSE 25 - P.O. BOX 3647 - C H-4002 BASEL/Swilzl. TEL. ++41 61 2727544 Fax ++41 61 272 7S 14 December 2003 17 Admilledly, the graffito and these now reside at the Church of Santa Croce stantine arc C hristian writings were made many in Gerusalemme, which is next to the several T P years after Christ's crucifi xion. But it ruins o f Helena 's palace. T his titulus monograms is ridiculous to suppose that they have has not been carbon dated, but the style fo und o n any connection with the sign of Tam o f its ex tant Hebrew, G reek lind Lat in three Greek muzo They indicate Ro man use of the inscriptions date to the time of Christ.s New Testa crossbarred stauros, more precisely The remainder of the True Cross left at ment pupyri cull ed a crux by Latins. Jerusalem wa s venerated for several in the Bod In 326 Constantine's mother, Hele centuries. In 6 14 during a war between mer collec na, visited Jerusalem and supposedly the Sasanians and Bywntiu m, the forc ti on.1 1 On found the True Cross at the present site esofChosrocs II captured l erusalem and these papy of the Church o f the Ho ly Sepulcher. took this ponion of the True Cross. Her ri the Greek Eusebius records her visi t but docs not aelius (610-641) regained this Cross word $/(111- An example of a Tau mention thc Cross. St. Cyril, Bishop of segment in 627 and while returning to ros was Rho mongram or Je rusalem (ca. 315-386), prov ides an Jerusalem presum:.bly sm:.11 bits of it s hort e ne d Staurogram on a gOld early reference of the finding of the True were mixed with clay to make pilgrims by using the solidus of Va/ens. (From C ross in his Catechetical Letters. Rufi tokens.9 Jerusalem was eventually cap second let Roma n Coins by Kent & nus ((;a. 345-410) helped establish a tured by the Muhammadans and the ter T over Hirmer). monastery in Jerusalem and describes in Jerusalem piece of the True Cross was laid with hi s Clwrdz HislOry how Hde ntl fou nd lost in battle when the Cru saders wcre the lifth letter P. These TP monograms th ree crosses. Christ's cross was identi defeated in 1187. A s with all religious unquestionably refer to Christ's cross. fied by a miraculous healing. The other relics, believe it or not. The p:\pyri are dated to about one hun two crosses were proclaimed for the two T he Tau-Rho cross, called a Siauro dred years before Co nstantine and if thieves cru cified with Chri s!. Helena gram, was slruck on a Conslantine gold dated accurately Ihey prove C hristians took part of the True Cross to ConStan coin (#14 below) and is similar 10 Lac were using this symbol before Constan tinople a nd pieces of the nai ls were tantius' description o f Constantine's vi tine. The Tau-Rho cross is also on a placed on Constantine's helmet and bri sion. TP as an abbrevi ••t ion is on a Greek C hristian inscription from Egypt dated dle. These Constantinople artifacts were scroll for the word "character" TpOlwa to the time of Gordian III (238_244).12 lost or destroyed. (TROPOS). /O A coin o f Herod the Gre at By the late fourth and certainl y the According to tradi ti on He le n 18 The Celator Herita~e World Coin Auctions 2004 FUN CONVENTION January 8-10. 2004. Orlando New York International Numi matic Convention Janu ary 2. 2004. New York City View tile Catalogs full-color. enlargeable images seen at , p on-line our website. HeritageColn.com. Our / in mid-December, thousands of lots of Greek. Roman. Or order your Judaic, & Byzantine treasures. plus printed catalogs today! world coins and currency,\vm aD be available for viewing online - or in HWCA's upcoming auctions in January Orlando for your personal inspection. at'FUN and NYlNC provide two exciting Heritage World COin Auctions is an opportunities for purchasing Ancient Official Auctioneer of both bf these ( \ and World coinages. Our consignments important numismatic conventions. and \~ indude thousands ofjresh coins. many you can easily participate. \\. off of the market for decades. Both auctions will be exciting events. and TO consign to one of our other we welcome your participation in Important 200~ auctions, please contact person in Orlando and New York City. US as soon as possible. call Warrell.'~ on-line. and by mail. Thcker or Scott Cordry today at f-BOO- 812-6467 x 287. or Jim Jelinski at e1« However you inrend to bid, you /- 257. Become a pan of these history- want to take advantage of our superb making events. < \ I> Warren Thcker Scott Cordry Jim Jelinski HWCA Director Consignment Director Consignment Director WJ'[email protected] [email protected] Jim/@HeritageCoin.com 1-800-872-6467 • www.HeritageCoin.com NYC Auctioneers; Heritag( 11w. 100 Highland Park Villa.ge. 2114 f\oof . Dalbs. Texas 15205-2788 Sam Foose, License #0952360, 0952361 1·8QO·US COINS (872·M61) ' 214 ·528·J5OO · FAX: 214-HJ-Si25 wy'w,Heri1 December 2003 19 ment and wit h the Aposlles' laying on of lify 10 Constantine's true relationship age. This might bedue to the Biblical pro hands (Mauhew 9:20-22,Acts 5: 12; 8: 19, with God, that in his latter years he was hibition of graven images (Ex. 20:4; Acts etc). One of the most famous represent.. - a bonafide convert. After Constantine, 17:23-25; Romans 1:23) and that Chri s tions o f divi ne touch is Michelangelo's the coins of Arcadius, Eudoxia and oth tianity stressed inner spirituality rathcr than p.1inting on the Sistine Chapel's ceiling. ers show God's hand ho lding a wreath giving homage to idols. Imagesand paint wi th Goer s ann stre tched. his linger ex above the head. ings in churches became an ecclesinstieal tended to crcateAdam. God's hand has not For centuries the Romans siruck coins quarrel from roughly the fifth through been the preferred symbol fo r Christiani showing images o fthcir gods. Except for eighth centuries called the Iconoclastic ty. The cross, XP, chalice, bread, fish, etc. the divine hand, there was no expeditious Controversy. This no doubt affected the pervade Christian art. Wecould li ghtheart effort LO JXlrtray God or Chrisl on coin- use of Christian symbols and images on edly say the hand of God was somewhat coins. Justinian U (685-695, 705-71 1)was of a marketing failure. But if uscd as a the first empcror to strike coins with the method o f portraying divine ri ght 10 nile, perceived image ofCheis\. Perhaps due to it could have been politically beneficial pervasive iUitemcy, Christian icons became for Constanti ne's sons. an accepted method for teaching Lhe faith. A commemorative coin of Constantine 1hc Eastern Romans, or Byzantines, struck shows the Manus Dei. the hand o f God mnny coins with fac ing busts of Christ or (#16 below). Nothing on this coin proves the Virgin Mary. the hand in the uppcr reverse fie ld rcpre ~ntS the Bibli cal God. But with Christian The Coins ity in the house of Constantine. it is sensi ble 10 believe this hand could not be pa The +. T. and X on most coins of Con gan. This hand belongs to theJudoo-Chris stantine I are dubious as Christ's cross. tian God. Below God's hand, Constan 2.5X They nppcar in the field, as pan of the mint tine is in a quad riga with one hand reach The reverse of a mark, within an altar, or in the standard. ing upward. Constantine isn't just merri Constantinian bronze show Late in his reign the +, T and X on certain ly riding along. Eusebius describes this ing the Manus Dei (hand of coins might refer IOChrist"s cross. As stat coin as Constantine ascending into heav God) reaching down toward ed previously, the Chi-Rho on Constan en (L. ofC .. 4. lxxiiO. This resembles Eli Constantine in a quadriga tine's coins may have initially been a rnnrk jah's namillg chariot ride to heaven (ll right. (From Roman Coins by of issue, just one of many symbols for se Kings 2:11). In addition \0 advel1ising Kent & Hirmer). ries identification having no relat ion to divine right to rule, this coin may also tes- Christ. Thi s explains the mintage purpose of the XP, but requires an explanation of how and when a secular XP was trans fomled into the Christogram after Constan Are you interested in tine had already struck it on his coins. The XP is made of alphabet leiters, not abstmct CHOICE WORLD COINS? unintelligible li nes. Roman coins often show single letters representing an entire You should be receiving our publications word. It is commonsensical to conclude the XP on all Constantinian coins had a FOUR TO SIX spccinc meaning and the preJXlnderance AUCTION CATALOGUES ANNUALLY of evidence points to Christ and His cross. The XP Christogram appears on Constan tine's helmet. as part of his standard and Featuring RARE and CHOICE gold and silve r coins of promi nently in the fi eld. According to the world as well as ancient coinage and wo rld paper Sommen, Constantine abolished crucifix money. A sample catalogue is $25.00 postpaid, indlldes Prices ion and ordered Christ's sign to be plllced on his coins: Realized. An annual subscription is also available. The cost is "He regarded the cross with peculiar $80 within the u.s. and $100 outside the u.s. reverence, (m account both of the power which it cOllveyed to him in II'lIr. and also Visit our web site at: oftlte divine manner illll'lliclt the symbol www.ponterio.com had appeared to him. He abolished the law. which had prevailed alllOllg the Ro & //IlIllS ofputtin g criminals 10 death by cru Ponterio Associates, Inc. cifixion. He commanded that tltis divine 1818 Robinson Ave. symbol should be affixed to his image on San Diego, CA 92103 coins and pictures." 1-800-854-2888 or 619-299-0400 Eccl. His\. , I, ix. - Apparently there was no specifi c edict Fax 619-299-6952 to st rike the XP or TP at every mint. If thai LiCf: nsf:d Auctiol1 Company #968 were the case, it wasn't enforced. Con stantine may have ordered the first stl'ik- P.N.G. #308 Richard H. Ponterio - President 20 The Celator TRITONVIInd In Conjunction with the 32 Annual New York International Numismatic Convention January 13-14,2004 The Waldorf-Astoria Hotel MagI/a Graecia Gold Coills from the James A. Ferrel/dell; Collection All lmportalll Offering oj Sicilian Silver Coills A Selection ojCiliciall Coins, aI/ Published ill SNG Levante The Bel/aria Collection oj Orielllal Greek CO;flJ A Specialized Collectioll of Provincial Issues of AI/til/OilS Roman Provincia/ Issues Published ill SNG Leva1l1e Pedigreed Sestertii from all American Collectioll An Exceptional American Collection oJCistophori alld Denari; of Hadrian Select Roman Gold Coins a/lhe Late Th ird Century AD lmporrallf Byzantine Coins from the Col/ections oj Glenn WOQ(/s alld Chris COll nell World Gold and Silver Coills from fhe Charles £. Weber Collecrion A Select Grollp of British Celtic Coins Presellted by Chris Rlldd Importam Saxon and Norman Coins Pedigreed /0 'he Famed Garrett Collection Numerou.\' Large Lots from Several Collections Catalogue (including Prices Reali zed) $40 Available in earl y December Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. Post Offi ce Box 479 • Lancaster, Pennsy lvania 17608-0479 USA Tel: (717) 390-9194 • Fax: (717) 390-9978 • Emai l: [email protected] Coins from the sale call be viewed online at www.cllgcoiIlS.COIll December 2003 21 ing of XP coins, with XP on his helmet, analysis of all varieties. For fu ll descrip VII 36. This famous and especially rare and thereafter the XP and TP were used ti ons and further study sec RIC, LRBC coin is the earliest extant Constantine Chi independently by some mints. and other works: Rho type and was a special issue, not for Rarity ratings in RIC VII for some I. AR medallion. 0: Constantine gencral circulation. types are somewhat outdated, yet Constan three-quarters facing bust, wearing high 2. IE follis. 0: helmeted bust of Con- tine era coins with Chi-Rho or Tau-Rho crested helmet with XP, horse to his right, stantine Icft, XP on helmet? R: two Victo are still scarce to extremely rare. Of ap ries holding inscribed shield. Mint: Sis proximately 1,363 coins of Constan tine cia, struck 319. RIC VII 6 1 variant. I in RIC VB, covering the period of Rare specimens of this type show what 313-337, roughly one percent might be looks like a Chi-Rho on the center band classified as having Christian symbols. of the helmet. Patrick Bruun postulates An estimated one percent share is pal these are unintended die engraver's try, albeit convincingly indicates the slips.') Other Siscian helmeted Con expansion of Christian ity. Listed be stantine types show two to four inter low are Constantine era coins. some of secting lines or five pointed stars on which are generally acknowledged as the bowl of the helmet (RIC VJ] 95. the first Roman coins with Christian etc.). Kenneth Jacob states in his book symbols. The others are speculative yet Coins and Christianity that a few of fascinating. Of the seventeen mints in these are a Chi-Rho.I4 The example operation during Constantine's reign, Mr. Jacob shows in his book could be just six or seven struck coins with the a Chi-Rho, just decorati on, or a six Chi -Rho; Ticinum and perhaps Siscia pointed star with dotted ti ps.' s with XP on the helmet; Constantino 3. IE foll is. 0: Constantine bust ple,Arelate and possibly Siscia with XP right. R: two seated captives, between The reverse of a billon maiorina of Constans, on the standard; Trier with XP on the them a VOT XX banner, in left fie ld struck circa 349 AD, depicting him in a galley shield: Arelate, Aquileia, Ticinum, an XP, star or XI. Mint: Aquileia, struck holding a labarum or standard adorned with Thessalonica and Siscia (irregular is 320. RIC V n 58. This type was also a Chi-Rho. (From Roman Coins by Kent & sue?) with XP or primitive XP in the struck at Aquileia for Licinius I, Crisp Hirmer). field or next to the mini mark. Arelate us and Constantine 1[ . Ticinum, Thes stnJck an X on the standard. Antioch salonica and Siscia struck sim ilar re- struck a Tau-Rho cross in the fi eld. Aqui shield to his left. R: Constantine stand verses in 319-320. The reverse field mark leia struck a Latin cross t in the field. ing on platform, soldiers and horses sometimes appears to be a stylized XP with This is a cursory list, not a thorough around. Mint: Ticinum, struck 315. RIC the top of the P looking like a dot, similar to a few markings on the Siscian helmets. Historian Andrew Alfoldi interpreted Lactantius' description of the XP as being 46, rue Vivienne hastily painted on soldiers' shields so the F-7S002 PARIS top of the P looked like a round-headed pin. '6 On some issues the reverse left field : 33(0)1 42.33.25.99 mark is three plain intersecting lines with C.G.B.tel E-mail: [email protected] out an upper dot, the top limb is sometimes elongated. These look like a star, but could be interpreted as primitive XP. Another http://www.cgb.fr possibility is to view this sign as LX , lota Chi, the first letters of Jesus and Christ in 100.000+ images - 100.000+ pages Greek, IEcrovcr 2pl':nocr. The IX mono gram for Jesus Christ is found on some late Roman tomb inscripti ons. The star or IX was occasionally struck next to the mint MAIL BID SALES : dcsignation. Plain left field examples with out an upper dot seem spurious as Chi-Rho "MONNAIES" or Jesus Christ since this fonn was a star on several issues before and after the Mil vi an bridge battle (RIC VI 258A, Trier; FIXED PRICE LISTS: LRBC 1982, Heraclea. etc.). One exam "ROME" ple from Ticinum has an X with dot shaped P in left field and a star in the right lield "MODERNES" (RIC VII, 129). Mr. Bruun states that the "JETONS" XP, TP and XI were at the outset regarded as Constantinian signs. I7 "BILLETS" Accepting these le ft lield symbols as Christograms causes curiosity as to why die engravers did not replicate thc Chi-Rho as scen on the earlier Ticinum medallion . ...... d C I..A IIlAND _ Jna·M.n: D!:..<;SM. .: ... ","""<1 KONTOS _ M;.,•• I PRIEUR _ 1.0 " .... , SCltl''1JTT • S,opb.. SOMII ... RT 22 The Celator Ponterio & Associates, Inc. is now accepting consignments for this important Public Auction to be held in conjunction w ith the Chicago International Coin Fair th nd April 29 -May 2 , 2004 Consignment deadline: January 20'\ 2004 For more information, please contact our office. PONTERIO & ASSOCIATES ,- ",..mll ... 1818 Robinson Ave., San Diego, CA 92103 • .lw'SMRn~, g .. ,,~., . < 800-854-2888 or 619-299-0400 P.N.G. #308 Fax 619-299-6952; E-mail: [email protected] .c.1Pd11 www.ponterio.com AmerlconNumlsmolic • , • 0 < • • , , 0 • Licensed Auction Company #968 LM. #2163 Richard H. Ponterio - President December 2003 23 Perhaps the engraver of the Ticinum me tine bust right with upward gaze. R: Con cross seems more than sloppy workman dallion was better skilled or more knowl stantine standing, dragging captive. M int: ship. The raised crossbar was likely done edgeable of the XP form. This author has Siscia, struck 326-327. RJCVU 206. Con intentionally by Christian engravers. A not seen the works of Bastien and Mau stantine was so impresscd by the power cross was also struck at Aquileia for Con rice, but has been told that they support a of faith he ordered the striking of coins stantine II, Constans, Constamius II and Chi-Rho reading of X with a dot-shaped with his image looking up in a posture of for the she-wolf and twins type. P. TIus interpretation is defendable. There prayer (L. of C., 4, xv). Similar obverses 11. i£ follis or 3/4. 0: Constantine bust fore the X with dot shaped P signs, and were struck at other nunts and in silver ri ght. R: two soldiers with one XP stan possibly the plain examples, are the first and bronze. Constantine wasn't the first dard between them. Mint: Arelale, struck regular issues of Constantine's Chi-Rho. to show an upward gaze. Some Greek and 336. RIC VJI 394. LRBC 398. The XP The decision to strike the Chi-Rho plausi Roman Rcpublic coins display tilted lip standard was also struck at Arelate for bly came from Chri stian mint workers as eyes or busts, probably to indicate the di Constantine II, Constans, Constantius II an expression of faith or to retlee! some vinc. The heavenward look was also mint and Delmatius. tolerance of Constantine and Licinius to ed for Crispus and Delmatius. 12. i£ fol!is or 3/4. 0: Constantine bust ward Christianity. 7. IE foJlis or 3/4. 0: Constantine busl right. R: two soldiers, between them one 4. IE follis. 0: Crispus bust left, Chi right. R: two soldiers either side of two standard with X. Mint: Arelate, struck Rho on shield. R: globe on altar. Mi nt: standards, XP between the standards. 336-337. RJ CVlJ 402. LRBC405. Does Trier, struck 322-323. RJC VII 372 rare Mint: Arelate (Aries), struck 334. RJCVll th e X mean chi for Chri st, X for Christ's variety. lbis is the only instance of XP 381. LRBC 384. TIle XP between stan cross, the Roman letter or numeral X, or shown on a shield that was issued during dards was also struck at ArcJate for Con just ornamentation? Interpreting the X Constantine's reign and is a plate coin in stantine's sons Constantine II, Constans standard is challenging. To adegree Christ the Hunter collection (Vo\. 5). and Constantius II. is still identified with an X. Some dictio 5·. IE follis. 0: Constantine bust right. 8. IE 3/4. 0: Helmeted bust of Roma naries list the word "Xmas" for Christmas. R: military standard with 3 medallions and left. R: she-wolf and twins, XP and two The X standard was also struck for Con XP alxwe. Below, a snake is being pierced stars above. Mint: AreJate, struck 334. RIC stans, Constantine \1 , Delmatius and oth by the standard or the standard sits on top VII 385 (and 400). LREC 389. This re er emperors. XI standmds appear on later the snake. Mint: Constantinople, struck verse might be the ultimate iconography Issues. 327. RJ C vn 19, 26. This is the first for Chi-Rho collectors. The mythical 13 . IE 3/4. 0: Constantine 11 or I bust known stri king of the XP as pan of the founders of Rome, Romulus and Rcmus, right. R: two soldiers, one XP standard standard, the so-called labarum. TIle sig are nursed by a she-wolf. Abovc is an between them. Mint: Siscia, slruck 337- nificance of the snake has been debated. XP indicating the growth of Christiani 341 . RIC VIII 89. LRBC 770. Most ex Some authors identify the snake as Licin ty in the empire. perts believe these belong to the eldest ius I, as serpent Satan (Genesis 3; Rev. 9. IE 3/4. 0 : Helmeted bust of Con surviving son, Constantine II. But it few 12:9) or evil incarnatc. stanti nopolis left. R: Victory standing on dealers have sold this type as RICVI1 252 Another interpretation offered by Mar prow, XP in left field. Mint: Ardate, struck variant, struck 335-336, with XP standard vin Tameanko has the snake symbolizing 334. RIC VII 386(and40I). LRBC390. for Constantine I.lq Both father and son power or rejuvenation.IN Greek and Ro Casual searches 011 Ebay indicate this is used the legends CONSTANTINVS man Provincial coins depict mystical the most available of all Chi-Rho types MAX AVG on the obverse and GLORIA snakes, such as the cista mysti ca and the struck during Constantine's rei gn, but only EXERClTVS ("glory of the military") on snakc-wrapped staff symbol of Asklepi about one per year has been auctioned. the reverse. Constantine's sons were giv os, god of medicine and healing. The ser 10. IE foll is or 3/4. 0: Constantine bust en the rank of Caesar while their father pentine staff symbol is sti ll used today by the right. R: two soldier.-; to either side of two was alive, but they were not appoin ted American Medical Association (AMA) and standards, cross between the soldiers Augusli, joint-rulers of the empire, umil others in the medical profession. But the above mintmark. Mint: Aqui lcia, struck their father's demise. This eliminates the snake positioned underneath Constantine's 334-335. RI C VII 124. LRBC 656. The simultaneous use of MAX AVG for father standard seems more submissive th~m bene text in RIC shows an equilateral cross + and sons. Neither RIC nor LRBC lists a ficial, similar to the snake being trampled by while LRBC shows a Latin cross t. This Siscia issue of Constantine I with XP stan an elephant on a denarius of Julius Caesar. author has seen three examples of this type dard. Coin attribution is someti mes an 6. AV multiple Solidus. 0: Constan- and all have a Latin cross t. The Latin opinion based on years of experience, comparing bust style or other features. Siscia may have used one or two XP stan dard dies for Constantine 1 before his death, but this is uncertain. Whether all these belong to the son or a few to the fa ther makes little ditrerence in terms of being early Chi-Rho Roman coins. Ad~ vertising this type as Constantine I might emu/oglle on reqm:st increase the price, so discuss this with the seller before buying. Siscia struck a KIRK DAVIS similar reverse for Constans and Con stantius II. Classical Numismatics 14. AV Solidus. 0: Constantine bust ri ght. R: Victory advancing left, Tau-Rho Post Office Box 324, Claremont, CA 917 [ 1 cross in left field. Mint: Antioch. struck Tel: (909) 625-5426 [email protected] 24 The Gelator T r u e Va 1 u e s o f • H 1 s t o r y • Auctions in Switzerland • Purch ases and Sa les • Ex perUses an d Valu ations • The Developmen t and Care of Collections Fi n ancial Services Numismatic Reference Libra ry Special Area s: • Coins of t he Ancient Classica l World • Medieval and Modern Coins 1.('11 Numismatics LM III vassel! 20 CH·800 1 Zurich, Swillt'rlrmri Tdeplrl)lle +4 1 1 21 1 4772 Leu Numismatics Trle(ax +41 1 2 11 4686 The (irst addres5 ill IJlImis/IIlI/irs www.lreemanandsear.com Call or write Jor Unsurpassed expertise and expe rience in the field of classical coins. We offer. .. a copy oJ .. A large im'elltory of quality Greek, Roman, BYlrultine and Bib lical coins in all price ranges . FIIlD PRICE UST B .. Among the finest Fixed Price Lists and Mail Bid Sales in the field, available for release in in print and downloadable fonn. Fall. 2003 .. Personali zed ser"ice in starting, bui lding and liqu idating collections . • Auction rep resen tation and consultation al all major sal es the world O\'er. Frneman & Sear I P.O. Box 641 352 I Los Angeles, California 90064-6352 TEl: 31O/4 5Q·975; FAX : 310/4;0·886; email: [email protected] December 2003 25 336-337. RIC VII 98. It was at Antioch Conclusion etks." Julian II (360-363) was the last that believers were firs t called Christians emperor to strongly ravorthe Roman gods. (Acts 11:26). The TP reprcsentsChrisCs The earliest Christian symbol on a The lfllnsfonnation of the empire from stauros as cvidenced by the Bodmer pa Roman coin may not have come from the polytheism to rnonotheism was sometimes pyri. Dealers often view the Tau-Rho as Imperial mints, but rrom a third century violent. Fighting for power and political a Chri slogram variation, but Staurogram Christian who carved the Chi-Rho on a ki ll ings did not cease with Christi an em better describes the form. The Stauro Cyzicus provincial coin of Caracalla (198- perors. The fonnerly persecuted Chris gram al so appears on the coinage of oth 217).20 TIlis coin is in th e British Muse tians occasionally became persecutors. ers including Valentinian, Thcodosiu s um and ostcnsibly the type was not in cir Emperors issucd decrees criminalizing and Arcadius. culati on by the 2705. Whocvercarved this worsh ip of the ancient gods. It must have 15. A:: 3/4. Posthumous issue, struck graffito was unaware that a future Roman been difficult for the dwindling numbers 337-341. 0: veiled bust of ConsI an line emperor would embrace Christianit y. of adherents to thc "old time religions:' left. R: Constantine standing holding Constantine was a typical Roman em Christianity conquered the Greek, Ro globe, XP in field. Mint: Lugdunum. peror, more warrior and politician than man and tribal religions or Europe. Con LRBC 238. ri ghtcous priest. He formerly appealed to tmry to Christ's message or love. the his 16./£ 3/4. Posthumous issue . stmck Mars for protec ti on and in 3 10he suppos tory of Christianity becoming western civ 337-34 1. 0: veiled bust of Constantine edly had a vision in which Apollo-Sol ap ilization's major faith was not always just right. R: Constantine in quadriga, the peared to predict success. 21 When Con or peaceful. Like the fe w Islamic extrem hand of God above. Mints: Heraclea, stantine had his Milvian bridge vision! ists oftooay, Catholic and Protestant Chris Constantinople, Nicomedia. Cy:dcus. dream was it an ac t of God, a hallucina ti anity had its "faith by force" radicals, Antioch. and Alexandria. LRBC 943. tion, or a fictional story that was embel such as the leaders of the Spani sh Inquisi etc. This is a common type. lished as years passed? ti ons. But that's another story. An emperor seeking divine assistance for military victory was not unusual, ex Abollt the (Illthor-Mark Dunning, a cept this di vi nity was Christ. We do know resident of Lincoln, Nebraska. is a main Two post-Constantine coins should Constantine increasingly favored Chris tenance worker for Lincoln Public be mentioned. They are historically im tianity during his reign. This is illustrated Schools, a member of the Nebraska State portant exhibits of Christianity's tri by his coinage. whi ch by the end of 325 Histori cal Society, and a member of the umph over Rome: had ceased depicting gods except those Nashvi lie Songwriters Association 1ntcr 17. /£ Centenionalls of Magncn viewed more as personifications than as nlltional. tius. 0: bust right. R: large XI'. Greek having cult Stlltus (Roma, Victory, etc.). letters A and W. Mint: Amiens, struck The emperor's mi nt at his new capital, Endnotes 350. RIC VIII 34. The alpha and Constantinople. opened in 326 and also I The Ufe of Constantine can be read at: omega letters refer to Christ's statc neglected the traditional goos. Constan I U tl' ;Uwwwccel.o~ ment of being the beginni ng and the ti ne lai d the foundMion for the symbols of 1AlIlIIllslmled Encyclopedia o[Trruiiliollal S)"/Ilbois. J. C. Cooper. Thames and e nd (Rev. I :8). Large XP reverses Christianity to replace the images of the Hudson. London. t978. pg. 92. were also stru ck ror Conslantius II .md ancient gods. On his last visit to Rome, ) An automobile uses the wrellth ror its by Decentius. Constanti ne declined to lead a procession emblem. When a wreath is shown liS part or 18. ,£ Centenionalis of Vet ranio. 0: to offer vows to Jupiter. After Constan the mi nt mark this affinns the emperor owned bust ri ght. R: emperor right. carrying tine's delllh the Senate deified him, indi a Cadillac .... just kidding! X P standard, being crowned by Victo cati ng pagan practices were still in vogue. .j COllslanlille the Great. Michael Gr.lOt. ry, with legend HOC SIGNa VI CTOR Romans continued to seck a spiritual Charles Scribner's Sons, N.Y. , 1994. pg. 142. ERI S ("by this sign conquer"). Mint: intercessor. but less so in the temples or ! nlt~ Quesl for Ih e True Cross. Carsten Siscia, struck 350. RI C VIII 283. This through the emperor. Gratian (367-383) Peter Thiede and Matthew d' Ancona. Weiden scarce type recalls Constantine's vision! refused the pontifical roocs. People in reid und Ni(;olson, London. 2000, pg. 133. ~ lbid ., pp.126 -1 27. dream 38 years earlier. A similar reverse creasingly looked to Church leaders for , Die/iollar), of Symbols, Carl G. Li ung is o n a Centenionalis of Constant ius 11 , spiritual guidance. In 380 'Theodosius I man. ABC-CLI O. Santa Barbara. 199 1. pg. struck by Vetmnio. decreed Christi anity the official stale reli 139. gion and branded non-Chri sti ans liS "her- I 1lIe Ankh was used by early Egypti:m Christians (Copts) on their gmvestooes to sym boli7.C eternal life: Dictionary of Symbolism. NUMISMA TIC LITERATURE Hans Biedennann, Facts of Life. 1992. pg. 83. 9 A Dictiollary of Symbols. J. E. eirlot. MAIL BID SALE Phi losophieul Libmry. N.Y., pg. 70. 10 Many medieval forgeries were sold Closing December 27'", 2003 as holy relics and displayed in churches. There may have been enough pieces or the Featuring many standard and scarce reference "True Cross" to build an entire house. But works on ancienc numismatics and anciquities. the aut hors of The Questfor The True Cross Available online at: www.PapyrusBooks.com therein provide a wonhy study orthe Santa Croce tit ulus. Papyrus Books II Today these pilgrims tokens are some- times offered fOl" sale. 6167 Jarvis Ave # 152, Newark, California 94560-1210 11 The Qllej'lfor Ihe True Cross. pg. 133. Phone: 510-790 1342, Fax: 510- 790 2676 Il lbid., pp. 132-133. email: [email protected] 1-1 Ibid. pg. 134. II RIC VB. pg. 62. 26 The Gelator 16 Seaby, London, 1985 reprint. pg. 42. 11 Dot tipped stars were sometimes struck. Wetterstrom Discusses Roman LRBC 1067, Constantinople, etc. II The Cmll'ersioJl ofCOil slallli lie and P(I Provincial Coins at Twin Cities gon Rome, And rew Alfoldi. Oxford. 1998 re print, pg. 18. Ancient Coin Club Meeting I~ The NlllllisJ/wlic Chrrmicle . v. 157. ''The Victorious Signs of Constantine, a reapprais ST. PAUL, MN- Kerry Wet al ," Patrick Bruun, Royal Numismatic Soci terstrom, editor of The Gela ety, London, 1997. pg. 43. tor, spoke to the Twin Cities :!O hmr//www aocicn!cojnmarkcl comlmtl mtartjcle2l1.html An cient Coin Club in St. Paul , 21 CNGauction XII. 1990.1011097. Frunk Minnesota, on September S. Robinson sale 53. 2002, lot 480. 25.... In his presentation, "A n This coin can be seen at : h.U.Jl;.l.l Story to Tell: Greek Mythol wwwthebrilishmuseum.ac,uk/compass ogy on Roman Provincial II Coillage ill tile Ronum World, Andrew Co inage ,~ Wetterstrom Burnett, Seaby. London, 1987, pp. 143-144. brought the slories 01 the Greeks and Romans to lile Major Reftfrences through coins. He explored Rom(ln Imperial Cuinl' (RIC) VII. Late Romall Bronte Coins (LRBC), Works of lose coins wh ich reflect narrative phus, Til e LiI'es oflhe Twelve Caesars by Sue scenes from mythology. Pho tonius, Works of Tacitus, Works of Seneca, tographs of many outstanding Works of Lucian, TheAnte-Nicene. Nicene(l"d examples were shared with Kerry Wetterstrom (left) receives a Certificate of Post-Nice"l! Fathers, 77le Decline (/lid fall of Ihe cl ub, includ ing superb Appreciation from TCACC president Bill Daehn. 'he Roman Empire by Edward Gibbon. EIICY pieces from Roman Egypt clopedia of £1.1'1)' Christianity by Everett Fer Some of the coins were formerly in sola. For more information, please con guscm, The Cm/wlic Encyclopedi(l, OX/orrl WeUerstrom 's collection. tact club secretary Art Noot at DictiOlwry of the Christian Clwrr:lI. The Bi· The Twin Cities An cient Coin Club anoot@pclcnel,nel. ble. Scvcnal Web sites were also helpful. A has been active since the early good si te is by Craig Barclay, Keeper of Nu Say you saw it in mi smatics at the Yorkshire Museum in York , 1960's. The club meets month ly at U.K. ht!p:llwww,new-byzantjum,OfI!/ Immanuel Lutheran Church, 104 The Celator HocSi~no bun!. Snelling Avenue, in SI. Paul, Minne- Cars ley Whetstone FRAN KL KOVACS Company M<<; II ,or <;01 ...... 'I(UlI1'" GaIgaty Coin Frank L KcNaa ""'""""" Com> Ban ''''''' ""'"""-ode GarsJey tMletSlone & Co Malcer GaIIcne5 -Rosenblum COIflS I'!C/IUS CM/as Galleries DfTwy Man:.ov RSNCOIns Anctenl 8}ways CIa5SKCJI NumlSffli1lic Group MeIqa" W~G. 5ayIes Ancient Eagles Comprcssorc Mmor MasterPieces AndySlnger Anctenllmports Kirk DiMs Moneta Sphinx NUmismatics A nclCflC W orlds Ralph DeMcrrco Barry P Murphy The Time M www.vcoins.com December 2003 2 7 Roman Imperial Persons In• North America ni zed as the best likcnesses of his last by Cornelius Vermeule years (40-4 1) to survive from Antiq uity and come to Nortb America. The admirable, literate and literary, Articles about the Roman emperors biography of the Emperor Caligula by and their immediate families are illus David A. Wend, commencing in Vol. trated with coins, portraits in marble 16, No.3, May 2002, of The Cefator, and bronze, and graphic reconstruc "Caligula - The Emperor as Autocrat", tions, sucb as a number of Cefalo,. cov has a marble head and neck, worked ers in the past several years. Sometimes for insertion in a tagate statue, as Ihe "old chestnuts" in European museums covcr and the shadow illustration in are employed, portraits of the type in Part I, the shadow again in subsequent many, older Latin books and classroom installments. The marble Caligula is ancient histories. The resources in Ro in the 1. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu, man portraiture available from United California, as The Celaror'.\' title page States and Canadian museums have tells us. This likeness is Caligula al the increased in dramatic fas hion in the very outset orhis reign, before illness past two generations, excellent sculp and misfortune turned him from a foxy tures of pristine iconographic value. lu lio-Claudian into an eccentric auto A list follows of institutions with crat. A pair of marble portraits, found available portraits in the round and in a villa al Marino in the Alban Hi!!s high relief, according to the tradition (near Nemi, Lake Albano) and now in al chronology from Pompey and Ju the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New lius Caesar to Constant ius II , 50 BC York, and the Worcester Art Museum, to 361 AD, after which such works A head of Augustus at The Princeton Uni Worcester, Massachusetts, are recog- of art arc rare everywhere. versity Art Museum. (Photo courtesy of the author). Only reasonably certain ide ntifica tions arc included. A number of con troversial calls are omitted. Private collections and auction catalogues (Christie, Sotheby), rich in imperial portraits arc also not listed, since por traits therein often migrate back to Europe and beyond. One of the best surviving marble heads of Germani cus is now in Sydney, Australia. The great imperial bau le sarcophagus, long in the gardens of the Gertrude Vander bilt Wh itney estate on Long Island, passed through Sotheby's, New York, and is now the proud property of the Berlin Museum. Museums Abbreviated As Following: Ann Arbor: Kelsey Museum of Ancient Archaeology, Universi ty of Vi sit our website www.astartesa .com Michigan. Baltimore: Wa lters Art Gallery or Museum. Berkeley: Lowie Museum, Univer sity of California. Bowdoin College: The Bowdoin College Museum of Art, Brunswick, Astarte SA • Via Cantonale, tfa • CH-6900 lugano Switzerland Maine. Phone +41 91 9233640 · Fax +41 9t 9232718 · [email protected] Brooklyn: The Brooklyn Museum, NYC. 28 The Celator Chicago: The Arl Institute. Richmond: The Virginia Muse Cincinnati: The Cincinnati Muse um of Art. um of Art. SI. Petersburg: Museum of Fine Cleveland: The Cleveland Muse Arts, St. Petersbu rg. um of Art. Seattle: Seattle Art Museum. Columbia: University of Missou Smith College: The Smith College ri , Museum of Art. Museum of Art. Detroit: The Detroit In stitute of Toledo: The Toledo Museum of Art. Arts. Toronto: Royal Ontllrio Museum. Fort Worth: Kimbell Art Museum. Worcester: Worcester An Museum. Getty: The J. Paul Getty Mu seum. Yal e: The Yale University Art Gal- Harvard: The Harvard Uni versity lery, New Haven, Connecticut. Art Museums, The Sackler Mu seum, Cambridge, Massachusetts The Rulers, The Museums, Ho uston: Houston Museum afFine The Portraits Arts. Indiana: The Indiana University Pompey, 106-48 Be: Yale (50) Museum of Art, Bloomington. Julius Caesar, 100-44 BC: Tor Kansas City: The William Rock onto (Julio-Claudian). Getty (Flavi hill Nelson Gallery - Mary Atkins Mu an). Berkeley (Trajanic). Toledo seum, K.C., Missouri . (Hadrianic). Metropolitan: The Metropolitan Octavia. (Sister of Augustus): Museum of Art, NYC. Balt imore. MFA: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Portrait Head of Antoninus Pius, considered Mar k Antony. 44-31 BC: Brook Mt. Holyoke: The Mount Holyoke by the author to be the best surviving marble lyn (Ju lio-Claudian small scale, College Museum of Art. likeness of Pius anywhere, ca. 140-150 AD. Egyptian stone). Notre Dame: The Notre Dame Uni Bowdoin College Museum of Art. (Photo cour, Augustus. 27 BC- 14 AD: MFA, versity Museum of An, Notre Dame tesy of Bowdoin College). Princeton ( 10) . Metropol itan (four (South Bend), Indiana. examples). Ann Arbor. St. Pe ters Philadelphia: The University Muse burg. (Egypt) Toronto. Walters. MFA um (Museum of Archaeology and Anthro Providence: Museum of Art, Rhode (Hadrianic). Detroit (10 BC- IO AD, pology), Uni versity of Pennsylvania. Island School of Design. colossal, Rome, possibly Gaius Caesar). Princeton: The Princeton Universi Raleigh: The North Carolina Mu ty Art Museum. seum of Art. SPINK -F OUNDE D 1 666 - Kingdom of Baktria, Theophilus, circa 90 B,C., Silver Tetradrachm. So ld at auct ion on 8th October 2003 for £33.350 SPECIALISTS IN COINS, COMMEMORATIVE MEDALS & TOKENS Consignments now accepted for our upcoming auctions and outright purchases made for stock 69 Southampton Row, Bloomsbury, London we 1 B 4ET Tel: +44 (0)20 7563 4105 Fax: +44 (0)20 7563 4065 Email: [email protected] wwwspink.com December 2003 29 Livia. (Wife of Augustus): Getty (20). th e Templum Gelliis Fla viae). Agrippa. (Son-in -Law of Au gus Cleveland (restyled from Nero). tu s), - 12 BC: MFA (relief. Athens). Titus. 79-8 1: Columbia (70, Metropoli tan (bronze). Egypt) . MFA (79, Greece). Nero Drusus. (Brother of Tibe Domitian. 81-96: Toledo (8 1). rius. Husband of Antonia). - 9 Be: MFA (9 1. cuirassed statue), Getty MFA (as a sacrificing priest). (unfinished). Antonia. (Daughter of Mark Ant Nerva. 96-98: Metropoli tan (possi ony, Mother of Germanicus and ble id), Getty (recut from Domitian). Claudius): MFA (young, Egyptian Trajan, 98-117: Harvard (post basalt). Harvard (old. bust). humous, cuirassed statue). Tiberius. 14-37: Celly (IS). Ber Plotina. (Wife of Traj an): Getty keley (20 and 23, Egypt). Harvard, ( 122). Metropolitan. Toronto (22). Marciana. (Siste r of Traj an ): Drusus. (Son of Tiberius), - 23 Metropolitan . MFA . AD: Provi dence (?) . Matidia. (Niece ofTrajan): Met Caligula. 37 -41 : Getty (37). ropolitan. Ric hmond (38, tog ate statue). Hadrian. 117- 138: Chicag o Worcester. Metropolitan (40), Yale ( 120). MFA ( 130, Eg ypt), Provi (41 , brutal. like coins of Corinth, dence (132). Kansas City ( 135). Crete). A Caligula reworked as Au Sahina. (Wi fe of Hadrian): MFA gustus is at the Getty, and another, (137, statue as Ceres). made into Claudius Gothicus is in Antinous. (Died 130): Chicago. New Yo rk, Levy/White Co llection. A Renaissance marble bust of Caracalla by Kansas Ci ty (Egypt). Claudius. 41 -54: Seattle (50). Bartolomeo Cavaceppi, ca. 1750-70. The J. Antoninus Pius. 138-161: Bowdo Toronto (54, old and wrinkled). Paul Getty Museum. (Photo courtesy of the in College (masterpiece, from Rome) . Britannicus. (Son of Claudius): Getty Museum, Los Angeles). Metropolitan. MFA (52, sacrificing, As ia Minor). Faustina the Elder. (Wife of An Nero. 54-68: Detroit (52-54, Vespasian. 69-79: Baltimore (71, toninus Pius): Toronto. Mt. Holyoke draped "togate" statue). Worcester (60). colossal, Pergamon). GellY (75, el (posthumous). Otho, 69: MFA (65, high relief, ephant headdress). Yale (Cinquecen Marcus Aurelius. 161 - 180: as companion of Nero). to). Ann Arbor (90, rel ieL head from Worcester (140). Princeton. Fort Worth (170's or 195). Indiana (175- 180. colossal). Baltimore. Faustina the Younger. (Wife of Marcus Aurelius, Daughter of Antoni TOPCOINS.COM nus Pius ): Toronto ( 160). Cleveland • PO Box 39947 • Win nellie, Northern Territory· 0821 • Australia· ( 165, from Rome). Getty ( 175, Asia Minor). Fort Worth (175- 180, priest Each month, Topcoin s.com features one outstanding coin from our collection ess headdress, Asia Minor). of Greek, Roman and Byzantine coins. Gold, silver and bronze coins, as Lucius Verus. 161- 169: Toledo well as references, software and numis matic supplies are available from our (165). Cleveland ( 175). Metropolitan website .. . please visit us at your leisure! (175- 180, huge reliel). Toronto (from Ostia). Harvard (inferior), Lucilla. (Wife of Lucius Verus, Kingdom of Parthia Daug hter o f Marcus Au rel iu s) : Bagasis, 127-126 Be. Worcester (bronze bust, cut down from a stat ue, Asia Minor). Metropolitan. Tetradrachm Commodus. 177-192: MFA (170, as the ch ild Hercules, strangling the serpents). Notre Dame (192 or later, oak wreathed with cameo, Phoenicia, pai red with a similar Septimius Severus in Beirut). Didius Julianus. 193: MFA and AR, 15 .86 gm, Seleucia mint Obv. Lon g Aldrich Collection (7, close id). bearded bust 10 right in diadem. fi ll eted Septimius Severus. 193-211: Gelly, border Rev. Demett:r enthroned to teft. hold in g Nike in righl hand. cornucopiae MFA (both Sarapis type). Richmond (203, in left, ncirod supporting throne, 10 right. statue, Eastern prince), Indiana (210). BArJAEf.n: to left fAJPI:A KOY. S.-, Julia Domna. (Wife of Septimius Sellwood 18. 1, Le Rider Suse, PI ,Lxxi, 1- Severus): Cincinnati (193). Harvard 2, BMC-, Shore -. Some minor porosity at (200, bronze, Syria). Indiana (210, pair edge. otherwise good very fine and ex with Septimius Severus). Irem d y rare. See Celalor Janu ary Caracalla. 198-217: Raleigh (201- 200 1...... U8$ 3800.00 203, statue as Helios). Kansas City, Philadelphia 30 The Gelator (211, colossaL pink granite, from Drusus - son of Tiberi us (even with Egypl). Metropol itan (2 15, bronze), his fa ther's nose), and not the least (220, statue as Hercules). Pri nceton Germanicus can be mingled with the (Cinquecento, bust). other young males and boys in the ex Pl autilla. (Wi fe of Caracall a): tended family. These are princes who Houston (see, alternatively, under Jul ia did not survive to be candidatcs for the Paula), Gett y. purple. Surv iving Jul io-Claudian statc Maer-inus. 217-2 18: Harvard (ala rel iefs, like the Am Pa cis AllgllsUle (9 baster-like marble, b:mered but still BC or slightly later) in the Campus spectacular). Martius ncar the Tiber, show groups Elagaba lus. 218-222: MFA (220, of the official imperial fam ily, living toga con tabulata bust). (Augustus) and dead (Lepidus), in two J ulia Paula. (Wife of Elagabalu s): processions, also anccstors like Aene Houston. Museum of Fine Arts (219-220). as. Ide ntificmion of many of Ihe prin Sever us Alexander. 222-235: cipals, male and fe male (Octavia). has Dedham, MA (22 1-222, possibly as been an ongoing iconographic indus Caesar). Kansas City (230-, reworked try for the past 150 years. Sixteenth from Elagabalus). and seventeenth century histori ans of Maximinus I. 235-238: MFA (two the Twelve C::lCsars and beyond were examples, both heavily reworked). ever so wise to stick with coins lind Ualbinus. 238: MFA (posthumous). medallions fo r the ir iconographic il Cleveland (from his sarcophagus). lustrations. Philip I. 244-249: Detroit (pos It is clear that many major North sible id). American museum s arc omitted, Trebonia nus Gallus. 251-253: Statue of an Officer. Marble, about 130 AD. which docs nOI imply thai they do not Metropolitan (bronze statue, heroic This is the only complete military statue in have ancient sculpture, even ancient nude). America, probably a connection of the 1m· portraits (e.g. Minneapolis. SI. Lou is, Gallienus. 253-268: Smith Collcgc. perial family from Southern Asia Minor. The Santa Barbam, Hn rt fo rd, Duke Univer Diocl etian. 284-305: Worceste r Toledo Museum of Art. (Photo by Tim Thayer, sity, Vassar College, Williams College, courtesy of the Toledo Museum of Art). (300, black stone). etc.). In this vei n, the Sterling and Maximianus. 286-305: MFA (305). Constantine the Great. 306-337: continued {)II page 36 .. Mctro politan (colossal, frOIll Rome). Constantia. (Wife of Licinius I, Sis ter of Constantinc): Chicago (312. from Athens). Constantius J I. 337-36 1: Phil adelphia (340, from Emesa. Syria). Va lentini anus II. 375-392: Toron to (?, 385). Hon o rius . 393/5-423: Detroit (405, small scale, jewel-like master piece). Your source for the best in Ancient Coi ns O bserva tions Greek, Roman, Byzantine, IslamiC, I ndia n, Parthian, Sasa nian and Eastern Coinage. Un less stated othe rwise, these Over 18 years experience in Numismatics sc ulptures arc carved in some form of business. Active ANA Member. Mediterranean marble ,lIld arc heads, Please visit our web site for a superb often with necks worked for insertion se lection of Ancient, Med ieval, and in a statue or a bust, or they arc heads. Modern Coins as well as necks, and shoulders (i.e. busts) often Antiquities and Numismatic Bc)O~( s. ! carved out of one block of marble . The busts a re a rmored (cui ra ssed). www.parscoins.com d raped (pal udamenlum), or nude (heroic, with baldric), just like the Email: [email protected] coins from Trajan's time onward. The numbers, sometimes with other Te l. (408)281-3870 information. in parcntheses after the Fa x. (408)281-7205 portraits are suggested dates for the ind ividu al sculptures. There are pitfalls. The identifica P.O. Box 9667 tions of young Julio-Claudians provide a cl inic. Students of Roman imperial San Jose, CA 9 5157 and Roman provincial coin s well know how portraits of Gaius and Lucius Caesar, the Augustan grandsons. December 2003 31 ~:::::::~~~~~![~]!!:~~~~~~::::::] Miinzen und Medai11en AG Auction Sale 93 Features the Arthur Bally-Herzog Collection BASEL-Arthur Bally, whose collection Besides his professional duties, Arthur will be sold in Basel on December 16"'. Bally was actively worldng lor the improve 2004, was also bom on a December 16"', ment 01 the living conditions of his fellow but in 1849. He was the second son of the citizens. He was member of the par1iament owner of a factory for merceries, Arthur of Solothum from 1886 to his death, and Bally's grandfather had invented a very he worked on the board of the Kantonal successful new branch of production: elas bank of S%thurn founded in 1886. He tic suspenders. This was the basis of the was very active in social projects: Mainly fami ly's wealth. When Arthur Bally entered on his initiative the sanitarium of Allerheili his father's enterprise in 1867, the firm had genberg specialized in pulmonary phthis already expanded wor1dwide. In 1850 the is was founded. He worked there as trea famous shoe productioo had been found· surer and paid for the greatest part of the ed and there existed an important branch costs. He also donated on a regular basis of Bally in South America. substantial amounts of money to other Geneva, Parts arx:I Montevideo, Baily'S social projects - always anonymously. He professional training was international. In dedicated testamentary one million 1892 he and his brother took over the pater Francs, at that time a huge amount of nal company, roN named ·C. F. Bally SOhne", money, to social projects. In 1906 the company was transformed into We do not know when Arthur Bally a stock corporation, and Arthur was elected started to collect In 1883 he was an ac delegate of the governing board. On Decem ti ve member in the Swiss Numismatic ber 31 · , 1912 he died unexpectedly of pneu Society. Swiss coins and medals were his monia after a short and serious illness, main interest. In this field his collection was Arthur Bally-Herzog, 1849-1912 outstanding at that time. The 4,041 piec es were donated to the Schweizerisches ~roftles in Landesmuseum in Zurich. His Roman collection - which will be sold in Basel - is smaller, but still impressive. Arthur Bai ~umt.smatic.s ly kept an inventory until his death. He Burton Y. Berry names 1,448 coins (Roman Republican Coins I lmperatorial Coins: 368 coins, Ro 1901-1985 man Imperial Coins 1,080 coins, among them 250 gold coins). The greatest part Burton Y. Berry wa.<; bam in I ndiana and was 01 them were bought between 1902 and introduced to a classical education through an hisdealh in 1912. The Arthur Bally collec aunt who was a profcs.<;or of Latin at Indiana tion is typical fOfthe period: Extremely rare U niversity. He then served for many years in aurei of the Roman Republic are round key positions with the U.S. Foreign Service in next to denarii showing the head of Roma the Balkans and the Near Easl, where he was further exposed 10 the lure of the in nearly fine; a double solidus of Fausta ancient world. An active connoisseur of art from antiquity, Berry assembled one lies nex.tto worn nummi of Constantine. of the 20th century's most impressive collections of ancient coins, gems, jewelry Arthur Bally took part in the most im and textiles. Be rTY was a strong advocate of recognizing small objects as works portant auction sales of the period like Th. of an and became very well educated on the subj ect. The majority of his collec Prowe (1904), F. lmhoof-Blumer (1007), tion was published between 1968 and 1972 by Indiana University with catalog O'Hagan (1908) and Consul E. F. Weber nOles by Berry himself. In 1971 Berry published his own book. A Numismatic (1909). He also visited the most impor Bibliography, in which he recounts his ex.periences as a collector. Berry received tant centers of numismatics at thaI time his Ph.D. from I ndiana and acti ve ly supported the university's art museum. His during business trips (Frankfurt, london, substantial collection of ancient Greek coins was given to the American Numis Munich, Paris and Vienna). There he fre matic Society in New York City. The SCholarship, connoisseurship, and collect quented the local coin dealers and bought ing fervor of Burton Y. Berry stands out as one of the most important antiquarian from their stock. contributions of his time. Arthur Bally donated his complete col This feature is provided courtesy of George Frederick Kolbe lection to the Schweizerisches Landesmu- Fine Numismatic Books, Crestline, CA 92325 continued on page 37 .... 32 The Gelator [~:~?i!~~!~~:~~i~!i:::::J eNG's Triton VII Sale Features Weber, Ferrendelli and Bellaria Collections LANCASTER, PA- A number of im issued in connection with his campaign ber is (717) 390-9194; the fax number portant items highlight Classical Nu in Africa and was designed to equate is (7 17) 390-9978. The on line version mismatic Group's Triton VII auction, to himself with Alexander's successors. will be available at CNG's web site, be held January 13- 14, 2004 at the Included also is a gold dinar of Shapur www.cngcoins.com. starting December Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, New York City, I from the Bellaria Collection, wh ich 1"', 2003. in conjunction with the 32"" Annual New was from the Richard Williams collec York International Numismatic Conven tion and was featured on the back A few of the highlights from the Tri tion (NY INC). The sale features over cover of Sellwood, Whitting, and Will ton VII catalogue are: 1300 loIs and has a pre-sale estimate iams, An Introduction to Sasanian SICILY, Syracuse. Agathokles. Circa of over two million dollars. Coins. The Anglo-Saxon and Norman 317-289 BC. AV Stater (8.52 gm). In addition to the continued offering issues include a rare and superb penny Struck circa 310-305 BC. Young male of the Charles E. Weber Collection of of Alfred the Great from the Garrell head right, wearing etephant's skin world gold and silver, and pedigreed Collection, purchased from Wayte headdress and aegis J Ar AeOKA lor, Cilician and Aoman provincial silver Raymond in 1922. winged Athena advancing right, bran and bronze coins, all 01 which are pho Collectors interested in receiving dishing spear in her right hand, hold tographed in SNG Levanle, this sale the catalogue for Triton VII (including ing shield in her left; Owl standing right includes a collection of Magna Graecia prices realized) can purchase a copy below. S.N. Consolo Langher, ~ II gold coins formed by James A. by sending a check for $40 (US) to messaggio monarchico sulle monete di Ferrendelli. The Bellaria Collection of CNG, Inc., PO Box 479, Lancaster, PA Agatode ~ in Proceedings of the Xlth Orienta l Greek coins, containing many 17608-0479 USA, or by calling or International Numismatic Congress, significant published rarities for each faxing their credit card informalion to period, most notably Sasanian, is one our lancaster Office. The phone num- cO lltiJlued 011 page 37 ... . of the most important collections of specialized material to be offered for sale since the Shore Collection of Parthian coins in 1 995. There are also !>e Q&(be ((urtOgttte ~boppe important Byzantine coins from the Glenn Woods and Chris Connell col (0 div. of RCCA Ltd. ) located at lections, a number of important Anglo 111 South Orange A venue · South Orange, NJ 07079 Saxon and Norman coins pedigreed to the famed Garrett Collection, and one A complete collectors gallery buying & selling: of th e largest specialized collections of U.S., al1cient, & foreign COi IlS, U.S. & foreign stamps, the provincial issues of Antin6us ever paper money, tokens & medals, Classical Antiquities offered on the market. A select group of Greece, Rome, Egypt, & Judaea, Pre-Coilimbian, of British Celtic coins is to be presented by Chris Rudd in conjunction with this American In dian, Africall, & Ethnographic objects sale. & artifacts, along willlllistorical and poplliar mttographs This sale also offers a selection of & mnlwscripf material, Revolu tiollary War & earlier Americana. important silver coins from Syracuse, very rare and highly artistic pedigreed BUYING & SELLING - FREE APPRAISALS first and second century AD sestertii as "You'd be amazed at what we will buy & how much we will pay" well as exceptional cistophori and denarii of Hadrian from two American collections, select Roman gold of the late third century AD and many other fine individual coins, large lots from Prop.: Dr. Arnold R. Saslow several collections, and antiquities. Look/or liS all eBay Important aesthetic and historica l Phone (973) 762-1588 · Fax (973) 761-8406 highlights include an extremely rare and attractive large bronze of Antinous, Email: [email protected] and an excellent and highly artistic Gallery hours: Monday to Saturday 10:00 - 6:00 aureus of Carinus. Of speciat note is a very rare gold stater of Agathokles, ty Vi sa, MasterCard & American Express Accepted rant of Syracuse. One of only three ------Gift Certificates Issued ------known examples, this coin was likely December 2003 33 Coins and Contraceptives: The Plant that Made K yrene Famous arrived at the island of Platea off the ant fennel (jerula), it should not to be by John M. Riddle coast of Libya, where they founded the confused with the smaller herb of the first city of Kyrene. Here the colony same name; the similarity lies in its languished, in part because of its poor leaves, Species of giant fennel can The illustrated silver tctradrachm location and, in part because its citi grow as high as fifteen feet, but gen of Kyrcne (Fig. 1), a Greek colony zens had not yct learned of the eco erally they range in hei ght from five founded in North Africa. is rare, si nce nom ic potential of silphiulII. Theo to seven feet in height, wi th a spread only three specime ns arc known to phrastus slales (Enquiry 6.3.3) some of two to three fee\. A long, stout, exist. But it is also true in a larger seven years before the Greeks' arriv branched stalk supports the rounded sense. si nce rare ly does a coin inform al, the locals discovered the uses of umbels upon which the tiny, yellow us o f so much social and economic silphilllll, which grew in a relatively nower is produced. The upper leaves history as this coin does. Its obverse narrow band along the Mediterranean. have no sta lk; instead, a large swollen shows the nymph Kyrcne louching the bordered by the desert. Rcalizing the s heath e ncloses the young flower plonl that made the city named for he r site they inhabited could not sustain heads: its heart-shaped fruit was call ed famous and supported il s economy. them, the citizens of Kyrene moved 10 a pily/{oll. It was the plant's juice, or thus making a desert into an econom the mainland where they established sap, however, that was the source of ic Garden of Eden. a new town near to a spring sacred to medicinal val ue and expense. According to the myth, Apollo ab the nymph Kyrene: where, the natives Hennippus, a comic poet during the ducted the nymph Kyrene, goddess of are alleged to have said. they could same time of Perikles (ca. 435 BCE), Thcssaly. and, with his golden c hariot '"filly dwell. for in th is place there is a said that Kyrene shipped grain and :;il guided her to Libya. KYTenc was also hole in the heavens." The good rain phill'" (two apparently vital commod associated with a lion, which she is fa ll allowed the surrounding villages ities) to the Athenians, and, shortly supposed to have killed with her bare spread across the plateau where ce rc thereafter, Aristophanes, another com hands and which was the reason for al grains, vines, olives, and animal ic poet, mu sed, "Don't you re member Apollo's infatuation with her. Thus, husbandry werc cu ltivated. Adequate wh en a stalk of silphium sold so one mi ght expect the colonists would rainfall made Kyrene habitable; si lph cheap?" All attempts to transplant and depict their eponymous deity with a ium made it rich. cu lti vate the plant failed with docu li on. Instead, she is shown with one Between 5 10 and 490 Be, Kyrene mented trials in Syria and the Greek hand on a plant and the other in her began issuing coins depicting silph i mainl and; all to the benerit of Kyrene, lap. The plant she touches is silp"ill'" urn, either as a whole plant or as its which continued to proclaim its fa (Greek: silp"ioll). T hi s plant gave fr uit. While various heads ( Kyrene mous drug on its coins. A sixth centu Kyrene a monopoly over perh aps the herself, a god, a king, or a magistrate) ry BCE vase, now in the Louvre Mu most valued and expensive pharmaceu might also appear on the coin: silph;· se um, shows workers aboard a ship tical in the entire ancient world: va lu 11/1/ remained the one constant symbol. weighing and storing silphillm-laden able and expensive because it was ef One such coin, found at the sanctuary packages under thc supervision of fective in a way that nymphs and hu of Demeter and Persephone at Kyrene, Arkesilas, king of Kyrene, man women understood. Its exploitation details the plant's stru cture: an umbel Because it resisted cultivation, .\'if in the Greco-Roman became so great crown below which a pair of leaves phi/III!, like the equally famous mun that it is the first documented economi and axillary umbels can be seen; be drake (Mandragora officina rum L.), call y valued species driven to extinction. low these are a pair of vcry s hort could only be found wild in its habi Around 630 BCE, a group of inhab leaves with three leaflets and frui t on tat. In 93 BCE, the year of the con itants on the island of Thera, com either side point ing outward. Though suls Gaius Valerius and Marcus Heren pelled by famine, left their home and anc ient si/phill/ll is of the genu s of gi- nius, th irty pounds of silphilllll was imported to Rome. Pliny the Elder (d. 79 CE) reported that si/phi!UI! was worth more than its weight in denarii Th e Professional Numismatists Guild, Inc. and that in Nero's reign, only a single has stood/or KNOWLEDGE, INTEGRITY & RESPONSIBILITY sillce 1955. stalk was found "within our memory." Th e PNG membership list il/cludes dealers from all aroulld the world. The last repon of silphium is found in A directory of PNG members is available free by COlllllclillg: the letters of the Christian bishop, Syn esius of Kyrene. who reported that his Robert Brueggeman, PNG Executivc Director. brother found a small patch on his farm . 3950 Concordia Lane, Fa llbrook. CA 92028 In the time of Charlemagne (ca. 800 Tel. (760) 728-1300 Fax (760) 728-8507 email: in [email protected] CE), a monastic recipe book said that in ,... ~ place of .I'ilr"illm (which was still in -~I~IIIlIIISMRJr$!!~ classical medical texts) one shou ld take ....::'!.\ "U"" asafoetida, a plant we recognize as asa ~. P.N.G. fetida (FemIa a.mfoctida L). www.pngdealers.com SilplliulII had numerous uses as a medicinal and culinary plant. We know 34 The Celator classical world regarded silphiulII as the best con OUTOFPRINT traceptive. even though LITERATURE they were aware of rclat ed pl ants, such as penny BUY OR BID SALE royal and pomegranate, (Closes January 15"", 2004) which aeted to prevent Prom (l rClirt'ti dealer's librory pregnancy. Plants. we now know, have chemi Alk:n. D.. Celli( ("/J;'IS ...... S S20. A'kcw. 0 .. C()itUlg~ a/Rollum Brilllin ...... H $20. cals that stimulate or sup Balcs. G., B)"7.J1IIIi~ f Coins ...... H $50. press the prod uc tion of British M~ sc um . Cuid. 10 F-xhibil of ROlllan Coins ( 1963) ...... S S 20. estroge n, progesterone , Brunk. G .• m" ld COImtu... "rtson MM;", ..I a"J Mod, Figure I- A Silver Tetradrachm of Kyrene in and other fertility-related ~ m ('Oins ...... _...... H $50. Kyrena ika, Struck ci rca 485-475 Be. hormones. JuvenaJ may Bunrey. T.V. (Ol .•1 ). GlUt. Romonmw Ts/ami<: CoillS /rom Slmli, ...... H $7S. Weight=17.03 grams. have had silphillm in CttriSlm. (Auction Oct. 8. 198$). Imporf AYLSHAM , NORFOLK-Ch ris Any U,K. customer of Chri s Rudd Audd has announced that he will be may receive CNG catalogues by con offering a selection of rare Celtic tacting CNG's London office: CNG, coins for auction three times a year, 14 Old Bond Street, london W1 S in January, May and September, in 4PP, Tel. 020-7495-1888, Fax 020- association with the Classical Numis 7499-5916, or by Em ail: matic Group. His first selection will cng @cn gcoins.com. U. S.customers be featured in eNG's Triton VII sale, The 'Handlebars Type", a sil may reach CNG at: P.O. Box 479, which will be held on January 13- 14, ver unit of the Canliaci tribe Lancaster, PA 17608-0479, Tel. 717- 2004 at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in of Kent, struck circa 50·40 390-9194, Fax 717-390-9978. CNG New York. Be. One of only five known auctions may atso be viewed on the One 01 the Celtic ra ri ties in this specimens. firm's web site (www.cngcoins.com). sale is an early silver coin of the Canliaci tribe of Kent, struck around 50·40 Be and found al Angmering. Arsdell and the British Museum and Antiquo Cont. from pg. 39 West Sussex, in 1977. Known as the only four other examples are recorded ' Handlebars Type', it shows what by the Celtic Coin Index at Oxford. a large an d most broad selection of appear to be two facing animals or Commenting on his firm's for th · Judaea Capta types in all metals, a parIs 01 animals, described by Dr coming auctions with CNG , Chris rare Trajan aureus with the Forum Phil ip de Jersey as "possibly snakes Rudd says: ~ We are proud to be as· reverse, a Severus dynastic issue in or perhaps legless horses," with a sociated with the world's leading gold with the full family, and a rare little 'smil ey' face between them. The dealers in ancient and medieval solidu s of Constantine the Great Handlebars Type is unlisted by Van co in s. Many of our Celt ic custome rs looking up to the heavens for divine are already keen bidders at CNG's guidance. mail bid sales, which are popular with Over 60 Roman Oil Lamps con collectors in five continents. They clude the catalogue with one of the keep asking us to auction some 01 fines t o ffer ings eve r presented. our own Celtic coins. As fell ow memo Made up primarily of an old English bers of th e IA PN, both with a com· collection formed over the last sev man interest in making Celtic coins eral decades, the lamps feature the more widely available international theme of Gladiators and the Games. ly, it therefore makes good sense for Outstanding examples in choice con us to be collaborating in this fast grow dition are offered with many unpub M ing field of ancient numismaticS. lished Iypes. lamps have been a Eric J , McFadden, co-founder 01 the popu lar CO llecting field ove r the Classical Numismatic Group and senior years, because they exhibit scenes director (UK) says: ~ We at CNG are of daily li fe in the ancient Roman delighted to be associated with Chris Em pire. like fine quality coins, the Rudd, who is widely respected as the availability of lamps has become world's foremost dealer in British Celtic acute over the last several years. coins. We have known Chris for many Complimentary copies of this full years and look forward to working with color, 48-page catalogue will be sent him to present regular offerings of fine to interested parties. The complete Chris Rudd quality Celtic coins in CNG auctions." catalogue is also available for view ing on the Internet at Antiqua's web site: www.antiquainc.com. Antiqua's postal address is 20969 Ventura Blvd ., Suite #1 1, Woodland Hills, CA 91364 U.S.A. www.AmphoraCoins.com Referrals Work! Tell your New items added weekly friends about The Celator 38 The Gelator Antiqua Releases Their Catalogue XII Featuring Greek, Roman & Judaean Coinage LOS ANGELES-Antiqua, Inc. has tum engraved by Kimon, a lovely tel radrachm struck on a large flan - one published their latest fixed price list, radrachm of Kamarina engraved by of the finest known, Hybrids of Year Catalogue XII, which features ancient Exakeslidas, beautiful mint state tet One and Year Two in both tet· Greek, Roman and Judaean coins of radrachms of Messana, a rare radrachms (sela) and denarii (zuzl, the finest quality. A fine English collec didrachm of Naxos and several key and a wide selection of Year 2 and tion of Roman Oil Lamps assembled rarities of the Syracusan series. Year 3 tatradrachms and denari i in over the lasl several decades featur- Within the Syracuse offering are six choice condition. examples of works from the signing artist period (415·405 Be), which in clude the famous master engravers Eumenos, Eukfeidas and Euainetos. A rare tetradrachm of the Sicufo-Pu nic series featuring the head of Dido concludes the Sicilian section. Many ra rities are offered from main land Greece with a lovely Alexander the Great tetradrachm, head facing left , a Lot 8 from Antiqua Catalogue XII is wonderful Zoilos signed tetradrachm of Lot 37 from Antiqua Catalogue XII is this silver tetradrachm of Agrigentum Perseus, a completely centered tet this Siculo-Punic silver tetradrachm engraved by Kimon. radrachm of Ephesus, rare issues of featuring the head of Dido on the obverse. Ariarathes VII and Tryphon, and a love ing gladiators and games themes con· ly archaic shekel of Tyre. cludes Catalogue XII's offering. The Judaean selection is one of the The Roman section features a very Some of the highlights of the Greek largest and most important in a fixed rare cistophorus of Augustus with the section are: two tetradrachms of price format ever presented. Rarities Sphinx reverse, a Port of Ostia Nero Rhegium, an extremely ra re stater of offered include choice Samarian coins, sestertius, a lovely Vitellius sestertiuS, Temesa - possibly the finest known, a a superb shekel of Year 4, Bar Kochba double eagle tetradrachm of Agrigen - rarities such as a choice Year One tet- COlllilllled 011 prior page ... Glenn W. Woods Numismatist p.o. Box 7822 Dallas, TX 75209 214-725-4300 • 214-890-7609 (fax) gienn@glenn woods.com • Dallas and Ft. Worth's only full time Ancient and Medieval coin dealer • Specializing in Late Roman/Byzantine Gold • Greek, Roman and Byzantine Ancients in All Metals • Better Quality Medieval Coins in All Metals • Extensive Stock in Varied Price Ranges • Purchasing and Evaluation Services Available December 2003 39 lost. and title and coins are equally ing scholars to document the intact elean. I don't believe I know any hoard, and the State to exercise a smugglers, although I may have en right of first refusal to purchase countered the occasional friend of a from it certain rarities for public friend of one. On the other hand, I collections, along the lines of the can't pretend to know nothing at all U.K. Treasure Trove law. This is a about Ihe secretive ways coins en position I completely agree with. ter thc market. but most of this stuff I've nevcr understood the notion really is confiden tial, at least on the that hoards of ancient coins are au order of trade secrets. If we disclose tomatically the cultural "patrimony" very much about our sources, they of the modern country within whose won't be sources for very long. borders they happen to be found . T hi s may seem to be unreason This makes no real ethical or histori I receivcd an e-mail from a reader ably, even selfishly. dosc-mouthed, cal sense, even if one disregards the awhile back, suggesting that I write in ou r mod-a-go-go. Internet world, distasteful overtones of Fascism in the a column describing the various in which all people are entitled to term "patrimony". By what Wonder ways that new hoards of ancient all information. The truth is, deal land reasoning do the Turks for ex coins find their way from under a ers arc far more forthcoming in dis amp le, the sworn enemies of all things rock in a farmer's field in one of the cussing hoards and sources than they Modern Greek, claim the cultural man "source" countries (mostly the were even twenty years ago. I rc tel of the ancient Hell enes? Surely, that Balkans these days) to the numis membcr a Chicago International inheritance belongs to all of us who matic markets of Western Europe Coin Fair in the early 80's, in which consider oursel vcs to be children of the and the United States. This would seemingly every dealer on the floor West. The Turks at least can be trusted indeed be an engrossing tale; con had exactly one fresh, high-grade to conserve properly the Athenian juring images of buried treasure and example of RIC 1- 199, the denarius dekadrachms and other objects they border crossings in the dead of or Augustus with Gaius Caesar gal claim. Were the Tal iban . after all a night. The travels of a coin hoard loping righ t on the reverse. I asked government as "legal" as many others, from the muck of a chicken coop on several dealers about the origin of truly the most appropriate trustees of Mikael's privatized farm , into the these pieces. To a person, they de monuments of Buddhist art? learned hands of the tippling hislOry nied that the coins had anything in Ul timately, were it not for the teacher in the village school , on common, and maintained the im misplaced arrogance and simple wards to Ihe crafty black market probable position that the simulta greed of modern governments, abet money-changer in the regional capi neous appearance of so many simi ted by the condescending ignorance taL who goes inlo partnership with lar examples of an uncommon coin of many archaeologists, whose atti his emreprcneurial cousin who owns was simply a coincidence. I never tudes toward the remnants of the an old edition of Roman Coins and did learn any details about that hoard. past sometimes border on the fanati their Values, who secrets the coins Today, most dealers would, if asked, call y religious, there would be no among his wife's unmentionables in al least acknowledge the existence of swashbuckling stories of smuggling the trunk of a spullering Yugo on the a hoard, even if. in a laller-day miracle to tell. All students of ancient nu rocky road 10 Munich, would have of loaves and fishes. each is likely to mismatics (which most archaeolo us all on the edges of our scals. Un claim to have been given the first op gists emphatically are /lot) are the fortunately, it's not a story I' m fully portunity to select the finest example losers fo r this. I feel an enormous able to tell. On the one hand, my at the most advantageous price. sadness whenever new, undocu knowledge of the market in Eastern My e-mail correspondent went on mented hoards appear on the market. Europe is relatively limited. By the to mention his feeling that the find By the time hoards surface in time they rcach us, hoards have ers of am:ient coins on their own Munich or Zurich, they have mostly mostly passed through several other property shou ld be legally entitled been broken into several or many sets of hands, trails arc covered or 10 sel! them, presumably after allow- fragments, and no one who holds one of the pieces is really certain about lhe contents of the res!. Much of the story the hoard might have to ld is thus lost forever. This is all the more deplorable QUOTES FROM THE PAST for being so easily remedied. I have no doubt that most serious collectors, "Aliudque cupido, mens aliud suadet. Video meliora and I think most dealers as well, would proboque, deteriora sequor." happily pay a premium for their coins, if that extra money were used to sub sidize professional cataloguing of in tact hoards. This would be win, win, Desire persuades me one way, rel1SOII anotHer. win, for collectors, dealers and numis matic scholars. versus lose, lose, for I see the better and ilpprove it, but I followt he worse. archaeologists and the State. Unfortu Publius Ovidius Naso - nately, we're dealing neither with de Ovid (43 Be - AD 17), Metamorphoses, VII, 19 mocracy nor a best out of five series, and truth and justice don·t always come out on top (yeL) 40 The Gelator October 2003 ACCLA continuing to attract more visitors. Ex tensions are planned including links to Meeting Features the Baker countermark collection. DIllie Real - Presentation on The ACCLA meets at 1 PM on the ., TIle Gelalor's 2nd Sunday of each month at the Town Cartbaginian Gold & Hall in the Balboa Mission Shopping ':7 SIIow & CII. Electrum Coinage Center in Granada Hilts. CA. Upcoming ~ Schedull programs wilt include presentations such as ~ Architectu ral Reverses on Roman l OS ANGELES-An outstanding M Coins • For more information contact Dec. 5-Ballimore Coin & Cur presentation of coins highlighted the rmbaker2 @webtv.net or log onto the rency Convention. Kerry will be in October meeting of the Ancient Coin ACCLA tnternet site at http:// atlendance on Friday only ror this Club 01 l os Angeles [ACCLA] as Dr. mjconnor.home.mindspring.comlacclal. convention. Please have me paged Lawrence Adams presented "Gold and or look for me in the Ancient & Electrum Coinage of Carthage", He World Coins section, began by ou tlining t he history of Zl!M Carthage. Founded in 814 BeE by Jan. 16-18-New York Interna. Phoenician traders, Carthage quickly tlonal Numismatic Convention, dominated trade in the Mediterranean. VISIT THE The Waldorf Astoria Hotel, 301 Park The requirements of trade, in addition CELATOR Avenue. We will have a table next to use of mercenary soldiers, were ANCIENT to registration, please stop by and major factors in the deve lopment of visit. Educational Forum on Satur th Carthaginian coinage. COINRE day, the 17 • Dr. Ad ams illustrated this develop SOURCE May 8-San Francisco Ancient ment with slides of coins from his col CENTER.! Numismatic Society. Kerry will be lection covering the period from the speaking at their meeting h.eld in early 3'" century unti l the destruction www.celator.com conjunction with the San Francisco of Carthage by Rome. Coin denomi Coin & Stamp Expo, Cathedral Hill nations ranged from staters to one FOR INFORMATION Hotel (May 7-8). Topic to be an tenth staters. Most Carthaginian coins THAT IS USEFUL TO nounced. had an image of the Phoenician god· THE COLLECTOR! dess Tanit on the obverse wi th a horse (often with a palm tree) on the reverse. The reverse images generally corre lated wi th the coin denominations. Early coins were almost pure gold. However, the Siculo-Punic War and POCKET MAGNIFYING GLASS 3x, 6x & lOx Punic Wars with Rome were a severe strain on the economy of Carth age and, with integrated illumination! over a period of time, the gold coinage was substantially debased by th e ad dition of silver. Dr. Adams also pointed ® out several small features, like th e presence of a third corn ear in Tanit's wreath that was subsequently replaced by a curl of her hair. and pellets on the reverse . that seem to be special mint The Perfect tool for the Professional Numismatic & Antiquities collector marks (perhaps denoting purity) use ful in sequencing the various coin re Handle & lens holder constructed W hite Light Diodes with a colo r leases. Dr. Adams concluded his talk of anodized aluminum. Batteries temperature of 6500 kelvi n. with an unusual coin similar to a con included. Brigh ter than daylight! temporary Roman didrachm with the quad riga reverse but having the Janiform head of Tanit (rather than Ja nus) on the obverse and without th e leg end ROMA on the reverse. The presentalion was followed by a raffle of coins and books on Numisma t Classical N umismatics & Antiquities ics and Ancient History. Upcoming auc tions were disc ussed and recent coin Herbert R. Chavarria acquisitio ns by club members were Champbin ave presented. Among these were an Aes 20 For Details Please vi~it us at: Grave Triens dated from 230-226 BC bkeview. NY 11 552 with a thunderbolt and club on each Phone/Fax: 516 678 5309 www.Nemesisancients.com side and several co ins with rare email: nemesisancit!nts@\.coins.com www.vco ins.com/nem esisa nciems/s to re countermarks. The ACCLA website is December 2003 41 have placed thousands o f ancient tory behind it. Noth in g. Just col coin s into the hands of school chil lected and counted and cataloged d ren through ou r non profit pro and put in safe deposit boxes. Well. grams. At this fe stive season of the because of it, I' m doomed in the year, we look for donations of coins afterworld to slill be on the maili ng (or funds) to help our cause." li sts - but I CAN'T OPEN THE "Humbug, " [ replied, not sure CATALOGS! GLUED SHUT!" what that meant but enjoying the J looked closer, and sure enough. sound of it. "You'll have to pry any he cou ldn't look inside. coin of mine out of my cold dead. ';Woe is me! Woe is me!" he cried, numismatic fingers. Now get out." ralliing the safe deposit boxes. "Inside Hurt, the two departed from my these boxes I have a collection I bu ilt counting house and left me to fi ni sh over a li fetime, but I can't open the An Ancient my counting. boxes! Doomed to be so close to thai Hav ing done so, I ca refu lly mint state Caesar ponrait, and to never Coin Collector's placed my collecti on of ancients into look upon il again! And obse r ve-~ Christmas Carol the vault. and reti red to my cold. Here the ghosl pulled open a laptop dreary, dark rooms to cal a bowl of computer. "Doomed through aJl eter porridge and watch a half-hour of nity to Iry and get to Vcoins,com and By " Fear Factor." doomed for ever to have my browser Thomas "The Dickens" Bray Just as I was abOU lIa go to bed, I time out!" & was interrupted by a ghoslly pres I looked closer, and sure enough, Kevin "The Anti-Scrooge" ence. T his ghost was fcu ered with no web access. Barry heavy safe deposit boxes and what " I am come to warn you, that you looked like coin catalogs. will face a similar fate if you don' t It was 3PM on a co ld day in Lon " Hey. You!" it said in a ghoslly change your ways! You too will don as I sat in my counting house VOIce, haunt the bourses of Long Beach, counting my ancient coins. which is "Me? Could you move pl ease, the ANA! You too will pass the piles something [ enjoy doing immensely you're blOCking my television" - of ancients at Jon Kern's table and on cold London days. (I recommend but then I realized I could sec right never have the chance to look it \0 anyone fortunate enoug h to through him and still see my televi through th em, will pass the cases of have their own counting house.) sion. "What do you want? And Waddell and find them covered and "One denarius, two denariu s .. " I ooooh-is that the new eNG cata locked! I warn you to change your wheezed in del ight, when all of a log?" ways! Or would you rather I send sudden my revelry was interru pted " Ohhhhhhhhhhh! Woe is me!" you three spirits to haunt you?" by a gentleman a nd lady bursting moaned the ghost. " Yes, it is the "Spirits?" I gulped? into my off1ce. eNG catalog, and here's the new "Yes. They look an awful 101 like "Mr. Kevin Bray. I presume ?" Cederlind catalog, and here is the Kerry Wetterstrom, all of them. And said the gent leman with a smile. Berk, and Pegasi and-oooooooh! they don't leave until you renew your I smiled back, sure that these Woe is me! " subscription to The Celator. And I were door to door salesmen. I'd fix "What seems to be th e trouble. mean th ree times." them. ghost?" trying 10 sneak a look, I fe ll to my knees. "Oh thank you " Kevin Bray doesn't exist." which only got me a slap on the fin spirit, bUI no further spirits are neces "Oh then, Mr. Thomas Barry?" gers. sary! 'have seen the error of my ways. I smiled through numismalically "Well," said the ghost, "it's like I will be generous in heart with my greedy teeth. Ihis; whe n I was alive, I collected collection, I will share my hobby with "We are from ACE: The Ancient ancient coins. But I never shared my olhers, and I will join the many nu Coins For Education program'?" the knowledge, never placed a coi n in lO mismatic Internet discussion groups lady began, " In the last few years we a child's hand and explained the his- and share my knowledge! I will ! You ' ll see!" I buried my face in my hands and wept. When I looked up, it was day li ght, and the spirit was gone. I raced to my computer and logged onto bllp:ljwww.bilSoibislo!}..comiacei The computer had not timed out! There I fo und Ihe ACE website, and Learn All About Collecting Ancient Coins gave generously so that others might know the joy of my hobby, Then Kerry called. My subscrip www.ancientcoiruitarkelcom tion was overdue ." New Articles Monthly Happy and Joyous Ho liday to All 42 The Celator This is the way most "news" traveled in tion to the aetual leuers, such surviving ant iquity, and stil l docs in some in documents as stelae, public inscript ions, stances today, the proverbial "grape and royal archives sometimes have tran vine". Of course, if you were a member scriptions of lettcrs. Whether these arc of the upper classes you might hire a true or imaginary is, however, often a messenger to personally deliver the in point debated by scholars. formation. In any case, if the message In addition to correspondence with the was impol1ant you would want to have living, it should not surprise us that the a scribe write it down so there would be ancient Egyptians, with their finn bel ief less possibility of error in its transmis in the afterlife, often attempted to corre sion and so the recipi ent could be sure it spond with the deceased. Such letters were came from you (thi s is the reason so placed in the tomb usually requesting help many scals were used in antiquity). or forgivene ss. Although not many have Correspondence in Thus it is obvious that a large body survived the ra vages of time, those that of correspondence must have existed in have range in date from the Old Kingdom Ancient Egypt ancient Egypt. Unfortunately, only a to the New Kingdom and were found over minute fraction of this correspondence a wide arca of Egypt. So it is probable that Many documents have survived from has survived. Some of th is correspon the practice was rather extensi ve until it ant iquity, but some of the most interest dence has been directly preserved in the was apparently ab;mdoned in the Late pc ing arc ancient leiters. The sheer volume archaeological record. Most was writ riexl in favor ofd iroct petitions to vrui ous dei of correspondence most individuals re ten ei ther on papyrus, or as ostraca (in ties rather Ih:m the deceased themselves. ceive today would have been truly mind scri bed pot sherds widely used because The practice of using old papyrus to boggling to the ancient Egyptians. Like they were cheaper than papyrus). Some make cartonnage coffins in the Late pe everyone else in the age of the Internet, letters were also written on wooden boards riod to Roman peri od meant that many I can receive hundreds of emails in a or wax tableL~ (in the Roman perioo). and letters could be salvaged by experts from single day, much of which, unfortu some official correspondence was in these finds. These letters wcre often in nately, is worthless spam, not to men scribed on clay tablcts in the cuneifonn Grcek or Coptic, th e common languagc tion many pieces of hard copy corre language, notably the "Amama letters". of the time. Although letters from the earlier spondence in the post. Although li ttle has survived from the periods are only rarely seen for sale today If you eliminate the "junk" mail seek earlier periods of Egyptian history, there and command very high prices., the Graeco ing to se ll you items you neither want is a sizable body of survi vi ng correspon Roman and Coptic letters do appear from nor need, or persuade you to enter into dence from the New Kingdom onward time to time and make a nice addition \0 a a dubious business relationship with - both official and "privatc". In addi- COlJectiOfl of Egyptian antiquities. some Nigerian dignitary who just hap pens to have millions of dollars to share with you, you will still be left with many Classical items of personal and or business corre spondence, which will be of great inter Coins & Art of est to you. Perhaps a letter requesting infomlation on a prospective purchase. the Ancient World or a letter describing your best fri end's Greek, Etruscan, recent trip to Europe. Even in an age Roman, Egyptian, when one can pick up a telephone and speak to someone on the other side of & Near Eastern Antiquities the world in seconds the written word We are pleased to announce the remains an important means of commu fllO!l,1 ra;:cnt edition (2003) of nication. How much more so in antiq uity when it was o ft en the only method Art of the A llciellt World, of reli ably communicating over dis our new 80 page catalog illustrating 225 objects tunees. Travel in antiquity was often a in full color, with chronologies and glossaries for hazardOlls enterprise and most people Ih t: Clas.sical World and Ancient Egypt never left the area of thei r bil1hplace let alone the country of their residencc. DEALERS: We will exchange our Thus in ancient Egypt. when it was antiquities f or your ancient coim;! necessary to communicate over any dis tance, there were onl y twO methods JCI'Oll'O; M, E; "We wrote the book on Biblical coins!" Amell. AII(I Happy Holidays allli (I AMPHORA ' "!P~ ASK FOR our free illustrated catalog of Healthy (lnd Prosperous 2004 to all! !;f:. PO. Sox 80S t: zh ~ . ~ Nyack. NY 10960 ~ . tl Jewish, Biblical , Greek. Roman coins, fjt'..":1 '?A 845-358-7364 ~, ~ ancient weights and small antiquities Copyright © 2003 by David Hendin AmphoraCo i n ~@ao l. com "", (a nd books about them). R.M. Smythe Inc. Relocates In SAMUS NUMISMATICS, LLC New York City NEW YORK CITY- R.M . Smythe In c. ha s recently relocated their New York Ci ty headquarters. Smythe's ncw location is located in the "heart of the financial district" on the 121h noor of 2 Rector Street. According to the firm's press re lease, the new location offe rs many ncw feat ures including a spacious showroom, their own auction facility. and several confe rence rooms where clients can meet with Smythe and be assured of their pri vacy. Smythe is also currently revamping thei r websile - www.smytheonl ine.com. The firm can be reached by writing 10 them at: 2 Rector St reet 12 Floor New York. NY 10006 Tel. 2 12-943- 1880 WWW.sAMUSCOINS.COM Toll Frec at 800-622- 1880 Fax at 212-3 12-6370. P.O. BOX 26715 Pl ease contact Smythe for further det ail s, including their office hours, TAMARAC, FL and th ei r show and auction schedules 33320, USA for the ba lance of 2003 and 2004. December 2003 45 as this list of over 4()() lotS contains much RRR and beaut iful. Most of the items over $ 100 are photographed. Noteworthy an cient and medieval lots here include a 70b century AR zozan from Annenia. Steve ...... _- tells in his li sting of this coin that the zozan was previously thought to be a mint name but now is known to be a denomination. There is also a fantastic AR tetradrachm of the Pmthian king Mithradates II on a broad fl an. as well as a good selection of Arab-Byzanti ne lE. M&R Coins new bargain list #333 An assortment of Ii sls has appeared (non-photo) offers about 250 Greek to recentl y. This month collectors of Anne· modem AV,AR and.€ to collectors. Most nian related coins, bank notes, liter'JIurc of these coins arc priced under $50. how and exonumia have something to peruse. ever, there is also some higher gmde an~ grade and scarcer coins, while still hav· Y.T. Nercessian's 25 '" fixed price list (non cien! gold, such as a Basi liscus solidus for ing much priced $75 or less. Among the photo) offers 89 lots of Altaxiad, Roman . $625 and an Alexander the G rcat stater for early Chri stmas presents (for onesel f or Cilichm and Republic of Anncnia mate· $1200. Among the Roman coins one finds another lucky collector) are a mid 5th rial. Evcry budget can afford onc of these such popular items like a Hadrian Africa century Gela tetradrachm, a very attrac histori cal items as they are priced from $1- As and a Vetranio. tive Antiochos VII tetradrachm from $400. Scholars, literature collectors and A few sales will already have closed Tyre and a Perlinax denarius with an ex those who believe in buying the book as by the ti me this column is read. Frank pressive portrait. well as the coin will find nearly four pages Robinson's unreserved mail bid sale #58 Tom Cederlind's 129lb Buy or Bid for them to look through. closed November 18"'. 11 contained 6 19 sale will close December 8 .... giving our 00l Steve Album's 192 list arrived just 11 lots of Greek to modem world coins in rcaders about a week after Ih is issue of day too late to make last month's column. addition to aboul60 fixed price 101£. These Th e CdC/lOr hits the mailbox to make Although some coins have already sold were illustrated on one double-sided plate. their cho ices. There is much tempting Spartan and Hippocampos' joint Buy in this li st of 334 Greek to 17th century or Bid Sale #3 1 h:ld 626 lots of coins and English AV. AR & IE, all photographed ,,---''' ''' '~ _ _ ~= '-::':'-:" ' M 192 - -:!!..."!- - antiquities; most were priced under $200. .=::c:;- The star of thi s sale was a Pescennius Niger denarius at $950 . . --_.- .-.- =-'--==':"1"••__ " _ Gold coins abound in Steinberg·s FalV •• Winter Gold Coins of !he World list - 1345 •• loIS from ancient to modem, covering the •• . =-=-:--.. ,.. entire world. Of these, 48 are ancient •• Greek, Roman and Byzantine, mainl y =--••"-~-- ' from Mytilenc. Macedon and the later Ro man empire. Statting at $295 and going •• up to $2450. all are ICG ccnified and most grade EF to MS63. This is a non-photo li st but images ilTe available on their website (steinbergs.com). Wayne Phil ip's photo catalog #296 has just arrived - 250 lots of Greek and Ro (including the one I wanted for my own man AV, AR and £. A bit smaller than his collcction!), ma ny should still be available usual catalog, this one focuses on higher in colo r. It starts with a CaslU lo capped sphinx £ having a beautiful earthen patina. Other important coins incl ude a group of four Nova Catthago portrait WHOLESALE TO ALL! shekels, five appealing Roman Repub lic Mu se denarii and a curious barbar 100 ancient coins in flips and attributed . A diverse lot including ian imitation of a Justinian I half follis. Nero, Caesar Augustus, Alexander the Great, Biblical "Widow's For med ieval collectors, a high grade Mite", etc. Only $475.00 postpaid, with satisfaction guaranteed! Meroving ian AV tremissis from Arvernum is offered at $3950. Twent y (including Van Meter'S book Collecting Roman Coins) six lOIS of various antiquities priced fro m $200·$5000 conclude this sale. Dealers: If you would like your lists JLonbon Antiquities & Ancient Coins Exclusively On the Internet Roman North African Oil Lamp Mold Roman 'Miniature lamps These two tiny lamps are some of the Monthly Free-Fall Auction favorites in my collectio n. They arc Over 1000 items permanently displayed and updated daily known as the Roman equivalent of today 's 'night- lights, due to their incredibly small size. Obviously the flame produced was smal l. but so was the corresponding oil www.artemission.com consumption. accounting for their popu larity in ancient times. lAmp #1 is a tiny Rom:m lamp, dat [email protected] ing from the I". century AD. is 50mm in Atticart Ltd. London U.K. length, weighs 20 grams, and is worth I I I I approximately $ 100. Lamp #2 is a JudeoiSyrian miniature oil lamp. It is further identified as having an 'open-top' style, it dates from approx imately the 3nl century BC, is 40mm in length, weighs 13 grams, and is worth STILL IN PRINT approximately $ 100. Martin J. Price I would like to publicly thank all the experts who have so generousl y assisted me, with their knowledge, throughout this The Coinage in the name of Alexander year: the Great and Philip Arrhidaeus Aaron IJerk Harl an J. Berk, Ltd. A British Museum Catalogue. Zurich/London 199 1 D(lI'id Helldi" Amphora Coins 2 cl oth bound vo lumes, 637 pages, 159 plates Bany Murphy Barry P. Murphy /Jenjamin Bell CIVITAS Galleries The Swiss Numi smatic Society is pleased to ann ou nce lhat the Curli~' Clay Harlan J. Berk, Ltd. David Sear Freeman & Sear late M artin Price's mas te rwork on the coinage o f Alexande r 101111 Ambrose Fragments of Time is s till available from the Society's d istributor. Kerry IVetlerstrom The Celator Man/rellSlI'all Swan Ancient coins Special Price for Cttator readers: Marc Breit.lprecher Ancient Imports Paul Goldsleil1 The Half-Shekel $275.00 including postage. Phi! Davis Harlan J. Berk, Ltd. Robert Kokotailo Calgary Coin Gallery To order, send your c heque to: Wayne Sayles Wayne G. Sayles, An tiquari an Mr. A lexander W ild, Rathausgasse 30 , C H 3 011 Be rne, Switzerland phone: 004103131 14480, fax : 00410313 11 4470 Please re member that they do nate their time to help you with your ques and don't fo rget to note th at you are a Cefator reader! tion, please support them where you can. contillued 011 page 50.. December 2003 49 properties, and we are told that this Finally, il th e ancient silphium still LETTERS great demand forced it into extinction, exists (and these plants in Afghanistan, So I believed until a lew years ago Libya, Sicily and Sardinia are not Contil/ ued f rom page 4 when a collector of ancient coins merely similar plants), then I will echo showed me photos of a field in Sicily the question 01 Mr. Wright: Why have Win dows and Macintosh systems. Many with what appeared to be silphium we not heard in the mainstream press people have been pleased that they can growing wild, and I subsequently heard of this plant being intensively re use the program on office and home reports that it still grew in Li bya. A most searched today? computers of all flavors and move their informative article by Wi lliam S. Wright David L. Vag i coin records back and forth at wi ll. addressed this su bject in the Febru· Oviedo, FL The statemenllhal a collection of Ath ary 2001 issue of The Celator. In his ens New Style tetradrachms "will blow article, Mr. Wright shows that silphium Coincidentally to receiving David away most programs, no matter who may currenlly exist in Libya, Sardinia Vagi 's letter about the silphium plant, designed them" suggests that collectors and Sicily. we received a related article on the must write their own software to handle I would like to add Afghanistan to subject by Prof. John Riddle of North specialized collections. But he said "most this tally after having just revisited Carolina Sta le University. See pp. 34- programs," not all ! The Virtual Coin Cabi· Michael Woods, 199B BBC series "In 35 in this issue for Prof. Riddle 's Br net handles these specialized collections the Footsteps of Alexander". Woods is ticle. KKW easily without requ iring you to jump shown extracting just such a pl ant through any hoops. This is exactly why (wh ich his Afghani gu ides casually de · VCC2 was designed. scribed as "s ilphiu m," from the soil in The review says "most companies the area of th e Khawak Pass in the Experts Cont. from pg. 49 have demos that are free or at modest Hindu Kush. cos l. ~ VCC2 is FREE if you download it Woods notes that the Roman his· from our website. This is NOT A DEMO. torian Arrian described how the plant 1 would also like to thank the read There is no limit to the number 01r ecords was used by the Macedonian army ers who have sent in ques tions to be you can create or how long you can use during its trek across the Hindu Kush answered by the ex perts. This column it. Everything works exaclly the same in pursuit of the Persian nobleman would not exist were it not for the wh ether you send us money or nott Bessus. Specifically. the soldiers of que stions that you send in. A dealer who acquired Th e Virtual Alexander III used the silphium to pre Pinall y, whatever your faith, I Coin Cabinet warned me that we "were pa re meat because there was no fi re would like to wish all the readers sa fe, giving away the store!" Come and get it. wood in th is mountainous region . happy. and joyous holidays. SEE YOU Stephen Huston Woods, guides described with familiar IN 2004. for Data ex Machina and Th e ity how the juice of the silphium is ex· Virtual Coin Cabinet tracted, and how it is used to prepar· STAY TUNED NEXT MON TH ing meat. for Cleaning. Smoothing, and Tooling. Doe s Silphium If you have the chance to view this Indeed Still Exist? program again, you will recognize the See you nex t m o nth . CA RPE plant as being nearly identical to the D IEM! 1·l ave fun co llecting - ShllTc Most collectors of ancient coins are one depicted on th e later coins of your H obby - enjoy! - SEND I N intrigued by the silphium plant depicted Kyrene (rather than the depictions on SOME QUESTIONS/COMMENTS. on the coins of Kyrene. We are a ll the earl ie r coins , which feature a more aware that in ancient times this plant substantial plant). Copyright © 2003 James A . Hauck was greatly valued for its medicinal [email protected] IT'S A lII/lII1Y l\'XD D~c[UB~R DAY OUTSlDf O~ "~CTOR T"~ romcTOR·S "OU~ A~D rr·s I!lIY1MLYmIZlj/QI~SlD" 50 The Celator Professional Directory ( Antiquities ) (Antiquities & Coins) ( Antiquities & Books) 'FI 'JI['lJ fiL'JI[CrE'JI(J' Amiques () Ancient FRAGMtr1TS Of TiMe Ancient Coins V Anifaets MUSEUM·QUAlITY ANCIENT ART T1('E!lIS'U'l('ES Specializing in Greek, Roman, John Ristow Egyptian and Etr uscan Curiosities Antiquities 937 Sir Francis Drake /VI Kentfield, CA 94904 P.O. Box 376 (4 15) 459·2035 The Time Gallery Hours: 11 :30AM·3PM Medfield, MA 02052-0376 Machine Co. Monday-Saturday Tel: (508) 359 - 0090 www.ristow.com E-mail: [email protected] Fine Archaeological Art and Coins Contact us for our complimentary Nlllliis nuit ie catalogue of fine antiquities P.O. Box 282 - Flushing Sta. Visit us on the Internet al: Queens, NY 11 367 Llte rntu re (718) 544-2708 http://www.antiquities.net on the net at: www.anc ientguy.com HD ENTERPRISES " II ! ' \" I I ' Harry Rescigno >- Ant iqui ties i - NI\!,\\\\' , \ P.O. Box 415 , )- Indian Artifacts & Pottery Newfoundland, NJ 07435 )- Pre-Columbian Gold & Ponery Send for free list of Numismatic Litemture .. Ancient Coins .. Antique Bottles • Greek • Biblical ... Old West & Indian War Relics • Roman • Jlldaerm • Ry:anline • AIJliqllilie$ .. Antique Religious Art Yo ur ad could be .. Old Paper ComJXmy Ililb Site: .. Estate & Ancient Jewelry www.hcraklcs-inc.com in this space f or less Attn: Halik Johnson VCaitlS Store: than $17 per month! P.O. Box 22082CL. Denver. CO 80222 www.vcoi ns.com/hcrakles Send your advertis ing message Ph: 303-695- 130 I Fax: 303-751-3281 Perry Sj~",~'1 E-mail: [email protected] f'OI/ux4806 11 to a targeted market of almost (OurncweBay seller rnunll is tx.U~ntcrpriscs) Or"rI"If~. Ne ]/1269 2,500 ancient coin enthusiasts. (704) 5'JfI.l1IJ Denver ShoVi1UOm: 1930 So. Havana, #4 Advertise ill the Online Catalog: www.uocadcro.comlHDENT'ERPRISES Professional Directory! Ba rry P. Murphy DAVID R. SEAR can supply autographed copies of all his publications including the latesltille ROMAN COINS AND THEIR VALUES, VOL /I Special dcdic3tion il1s<:riptiol1s on request The perfect gift for yourself or the collector in your life. ORDERS MAY BE PLACED on my website: www.davidrsear.com by mail: P.O. Box 7314, Porter RanCh, CA 91327 by phone: (818) 993-7602 by fax: (8 18) 993·6119 December 2003 51 Professional Directory C~ __ ~B~o~o~~~C~o~i~n~s ____) C~ _____C~o~i~ns~ ____) C~ _____ C~o~in~s~ ___) qEORqE FREDERICK KOlBE P.O. Box 558 Fine Numismatic Books Burtonsville, MD 20866 PllECES OF TIME P. O. Drawu 3100 . Cmtline:, CA 9tl25 Ancient Coins Tel: 19(9) 338-0527 • Fax: !9(9) 338-6980 (301) 236-0256·fax (301)989-1796 email: QFK@numi$lil.com e-mail : [email protected] web site: www.numislit.com www.romancoin.com Onlille Auctions. Fixed Pr;c;e Choice Ancient Coins & BIIY or Bid Sales PAPYRUS BOOKS Thomas Bray Ilox 82082, Portland, OR 97282 Specialists in Iitcratllre on Ancient ~ mail: [email protected] Numismatics and Antiquiti es Acti vely buyi ng, selling a nd tnding bo(Jk.~ and journals on the Ancient Near East, , ••• ,'~"_. ~•••. -=:;;., .-'_•. "''''' 17-J1J,tD Egypt. Grcc«', RooM' and 8 )-l~lO liu01 . Complimentary calalQgue5 on n'quest To access one of the best or "isil us on the Internet at: Ancient Coin inve ntories in the www.PapyrosBook.~. cnrn United States, contact Smythe today. 6167 Jarvis Ave .. #152. Newark. CA 94560 Tel: (5 IU) 790-1342 · Fax: (510) 790-2676 E- Mai l: :mciem@P~pyrusBook s.co m ~ Web site: bltp:/Iwww.PapyrusBooks.com 2 Rector Strt(t. 12th ~loot. Now '''rI<. NY 10006-1844 TH_' 212-943-188(1 TQ1,L f R,Ef, 800-622_1880 E-MML: info@s mytheo nline.oom INTEJtNl!"n )mytheonline.oom ANTIQUARIUS Glenn Schinke Numismatist Robert Loosley Lookfor tIS at: Professional dealer Dt:c. 5-7- Bahimorc Coin & Currency since 1969 - ex Scaby Show, Cunvcn tion Center. Baltimore. MD Jan. S-ll-FUN Coin Show. Orange GREEK ANI) ROMAN County Con,'ention Center. Orlando, FL COINS AND ANTIQUITIES Jan. 16-18-San Jo>e Coin Cl uh Show, Convention Center, San Jose_ CA Jan. 23·25-T ucson Coin Cl ub Show, Tucson, AZ Ian. 29-Fcb. I - Long Beach Coin & Collectibles Expo, Long Beach. CA P,O. Box 337 1 www.anliquiti es.co.nz Rosemead, CA 91770 52 The Gelator Professional Directory ( Coins ) (~ ____~C~oi~n~s ______) (~ ___C:::.;o::.:;in::::s,--_~) Ancient & World Coins Specialist in SPAR-TAN Ancient Coins PONTERIO Roman, Greek and Large Thalers, NUHtSHATrCS & ASSOCIATES, INC. 1486-1800, In Exceptional Quality PO Box 19 also stock WorM Millor Coins, Furlong, PA 18925 1818 Robinson Ave. Medals, CrownS. Artifacts, San Diego. CA 92103 Books alld Cvin cases (215) 343-9606 Qur inve nt or~ is among Free lIlustrated Catalog (6J9) 299-0400 the fin~st in Am~d!;ll (800) 854-2888 Occasional Lists Availullie Attractive, Low Priced Fax (6J9) 299-6952 JAMES E. BEACH Ancients Numiscellaneous Medieval PNG #308 p.o. Box II), Owosso, M148867 Antiquities ANA-l M (989) 634~S415 · FAX (989) 634-9014 [email protected] "No One Sells Better for Less" Our unique auctions Classical Cash allow you to a year PAY THE Always Buying!!! PRICE YOU you a remarkable choice of rare and beautiful Celtic coins. vve are the WANT TO PAY Visit our web-site at only dealers who deal only in Celtic. our [rIlly iII"S/fO/ed OIlCf;QJ,S CUI'/O;I! Chris Rudd, PO Box 222, Aylsham, O\"fIT Soo IQIS of ,,,,citm COilU, umiquiliu www.oldmmancoins.com ami (lnliqlll~$ in all price mllges. Norfolk NRIl 6rt; England. Tel: (+44) 1263 735 707 View Ollr auctions at (413) 733-4511 www.colocoinex.com Fax: (+44) 1263 731 777 or ,fellli for caralog- 210 Maple Street Web: www.celticcoins.com Colosseum Springfield, MA 01105 Coill Exchallge, Illc. E-mail: P.O. Box 21CL, Hazlet, NJ 07730 [email protected] (732) 264-1161 · Fax (732) 264-6467 CAWARY COIN GALLERY Coins Greek, Roman, Byzantine, ANCIENT & MEDIEVAL & COINS AND ARTIFACTS Aksumite World Coins Dr. Keith Candiotti ,wills.COIII/ niillS P.O. Box 416673 at: Miami Beach, FL 3314 1-8673 Jan. TX Jan. J6-IS-NYINC Waldorf Astoria Hote l. Tel: (305) 469-4372 GREEK - ROMAN - BYV.NTlNE New York City BR ITIS H· EU ROPEAN - ISLAMIC Jan. 23-25-HOUSIO Oecember 2003 53 Professional Directory ( Coins ) ( Coins ) ( Coins ) Fixed price offerings and PRICE LIST OF ANCIENT COINS Maine Classical We offer /,~q,,~nt A llci~"t Burgoi" Price Lists on-line auctions of which collwi" u IIiu .d~crio" ojthe /ol/o""i"g. Numismatics exceptional ancient coins Ancic ~1 Greek Coins (sil,.." & bron«) 2069 Atlan tic Hwy., G=k tmperial Coins R()IIW1 Egypcian Coins (I) Warren, ME 04864 Visit Judaean.t Biblical Coins Bowley's: A full service coin center COID~ of the Roman Procunuors . Open 7am to Spm Mon. thru Fri. www.PauI-Rynearsoo.com COiJlSOrlhc Twel>.., Caews -- and 7am to 4pm on 5.,t. Roman Republic Coins ' Roman Imperial Coins Br.t;l"li...., Imperial Coins ' Early coins of U.S. Route #1, Warren, Maine Numismatic Dealer England. Scotland. & Ireland ' Anglo-Gallic Busin€5S: 207-273-3462 since J967 Writejor .wmr jree copy ojour 11lI~",t 8111"11l1ill Home: 207-273-2653 Price List 0/ AI/ciem Coills When ill Maine stop ill (/li d see liS. Deiliers itt Ancient willS sinet 1965 We will be glad to see you. M & R COINS 1)407 S. lIarlcm A~·e. Barrie Jenkins Worth, I I. 604S2-2003 Classical N umismatist (708) 671·0806 or (708) 430·1445 Fa): (708) 636-4247 Jonathan K. Kern Co. Bachelor of Arts, Numismatics Ancient, Mcdiev:t1 , Early American Numismatics NUMISMATIK LANZ MUNCHEN Dr. Hubert Lanz Luitpoldblock, Maximiliansplatz 10 D·80333 Miinchen. Germany 441 S. Ashland Tel. (49) (89)299070 .~".• ' .... F~)\. (49) (89) 22 07 62 : • Lexington, KY 40S02 • www.lanz.com ~o.;"" (859) 269-1614 You can view our complete catalogs Email: [email protected] online for FREE. Harlan J. Berk, Ltd. Warden Edgar L. Owen, Ltd. Chicago's Full Seroice DenIer Numismatics, LLC Fine Ancient Coins Since 1964 - Our 40 'h Year Antiquities, World Art Originator of the Specialists Oil Coinages of Buy or Bid Sales Greece, Rome, the Near East, Central Asia & II/dia Approx. $1,000,000.00 of Coins & Antiquities In Every g.,le fluge Imerlln Gallery Major On-line Auctioll Derek P.B. Warden • 31 North Clark Street Unsold Items Now AI Classical Numi~'matist Chicago, llIinois 60602 Bargain Reserve Prices PH (3 12) 6IJ9..OOJ 8 Fax (3 12) 609- 1309 P.O. Box 121 www.edgarlowen.com E-Mail: [email protected] Wyncote, PA 19095 USA [email protected] • www.harlanjberk.com ~ e·mail: dW;lrden@eomcast. net Tel: 973-398·9557, F~x: 398·8082 Tel.lFnx: 2 15·884·6721 POB 7 J 4, Lake Hopatcong, NJ 07849 54 The Gelator Professional Directory ( Coins ) ( Coins ) ( Coins ) Visiting: San Francisco? AMPHORA The Silicon Valley? egasl Stanford University? NUMISMATICS Jewish· Biblical Greek · Roman TREASURE Ann Arbor. MI Holicong. PA Coins · Weights Visit ... ISLAND Classical IUlIII;SIIIm;sls servillg Anliquities • Jewelry We carry a large inventory of beginllers 111m adl'al/ced collectors Ancients as well as the (argest Free Illustrated Catalogs Free iIIUSlraled list Philate/ic stock in the Bay Area. available UP01! request Classical Greek. Roman, l'REASURE ISLAND Byzantine. and Medieval "We wrote the book 3703 EI Camino Real Coins. Books & Antiquities on Biblical coins!" Palo Alto, CA 94306 P,O. Box 131040 (650) 855-9905 AMPHORAf)~' Ann Arbor, MI48113 - P'Q8ox80S ~ Nyx\(.NY 1096(1 ~ email: [email protected] Phone: (734) 995-5743 www.ticoins.com Fax: (734) 995-3410 ~~~~~~,ccm ~.~ •. , FREE Pricelist of' Certified Ancient, Medieval & World RARE Gold Coins COINS Specializillg ill the To receive our latest I' Coinage of Judaea list. plca!'.C contact us via phone, * Ancient ., fax. c-mail or leiter or * Medieval visit our website: www.sleinbergs.com "Modern ~ Siamak Ahghari Numismatist William M. Rosenblum CQins of C"l'k, R Otmlll, 1'.0. Bo )( 355 STEINBERG'S Sdl'tldd, I1YUlllt illt, ele. N llllli! malic Gold Speci(Jlisu Sillce 1950 Evergreen CO 80437-0355 Phone: (303) 838-483 1: 910-8245 Specializi llg ill Eastern COilUlgl' as ~ ~ P.O. BOll 1565 Dept. TC ---., Fa)(: (303) 838-12 13 P.o. Box 9667. San Jose. CA 95157 . , Boca RalOIl , FL 33429-1565 E-mail: wmrcoins@qadas_corn tel: 408.28 1.3870 f;u:: 408.28 1.1205 Tel: 954-781-3455 ' Fax: 954-78 1-5865 www_roscnblumcoins.com email: Parsooins@yai>oo.com Email: info@S1ci nbcrgs.cQIn ISLAMIC & INDIAN ANCIENT COINS From the earliest times IMPORTS the present WWWANCl ENTlMPORTI.COM CElTIC. ROMAN. EASTERN. BIBLICAL, GREEK. BVZANTINE SPECIALIZING IN CElT1 CCOINS O F ANCIENT GAUL Price lists issued regularly, aVtlilable "PO" reqllest STEPHEN ALBUM ANCIENT & MED IEVAL COINS MARC BRE ITSPRECHER Bur _ S"'-'.- ,u'I%tlSM. P.o. BOX 7386 PO BOX 593 J'O Box I SJJ4, PorllQnd. OR ~n~] SANTA ROSA, CA. 95407 U.S.A. TeVFu: (5 03) 2H·1262 p h one: 707-539-2120 GRAND MARAIS, MN 55604 t:·m~il: Qr tor",()ney@ ... ,..~st.n ~ t fax: 707-539-3348 [email protected] HISTORJCAL NUMISMATICS December 2003 55 Professional Directory ( __~C~o~in~s~&~B~oo~k ~s __-/ ) ( __---..::Co::o~in::c.s __~ ) ( Coins ) Rq l p~,E~o0~rco JEAN ELSEN s.a. Celtic, Greek, Roman, BYZ/lllfille, Visit us on the web at VCoins Medieml alld Oriel1fa/ coillJ. P.O. Box 705, Murray Hill, NJ 07974.Q705 USA TelephonelFAX (908) 464-7252 ma r QQi O :l:~QQm!&!.~t n e:t http://www.vcoins.coml CELTIC, ROMAN ralphdemarco and HAMMERED COINS ooughl & sold-iIlII!llrmed lisi llpon requl!Jl P.O. BOI> 32, Hoc kwold. www.elsen.be Fred B. Shore Brandon, U.K. 11'26 4HX Tcl/FaJt: + 44 (0) 1842 328292 Avenue de Tervuere n, 65 Classical Numi.m.alies email: mike. [email protected]. uk B - I040 Brussels Allcienl Greek, Roman allli .....cbs ile: hnpJ/www. \uspcr4coins.t"O.uk Fax: +32-2-735.77.78 Parthiall coins of the highesl quality bought alld sold PO Box 398 Ancient & Medieval Coins Schw enksville, PA 19473 (610) 287-4820 fax (610) 287-4821 E-mail: [email protected] Twente Ancient CoillS ancient & rare coins Allimals a Specialty p.o. hm. 387, r~ ' ('. n.}'. 111580 J o hn Twenlc ,('n-inll: dealers and elllll'cion; DBS 105 Lefevre. UNC CoUnbia, M065211 "e nCl"d 10 hu~ (573~ 5-3389; JohnTwente @webIV.neI Greek • Bvzantine Roman • j udac~m W,mt lists aclhely sen-ked, 14-dny ro"urn KIRK DAVIS I'Ti> ii,'!:", AlIl'oills ~uanll1h.""d 11'-011"1(' Donald R. & Marcella Zauche "irhullt lime limit. Classical Numismatics P.O. Box 2000 Greek · Roman ' Celtic phone: (914) 939-2tl58 Westminster. MD 2 11 58 Numismatic Liter.l turc (4 10) 857·2369: (4 12) 937·9720 Illustratcd Catalogues issued quarterly Top dollar p:l id for si ngle coins or enti re coll ections Ple 56 The Celator Professional Directory ( Coins ) ( Coins ) (~_-=C::;o",in:::s,-&=S",h:::o,,-w:.::s_~) Ancient Coins, M&Jvf WEISS Anticluities, Literature 'lI[p.misma tics, Ltd. COllECTABLE & Rela ted Collectibles! SALES Bought, Sold and Auctioned! ANCIENT-MEDIEVAL·EARLY FOREIGN QtMUTY COINS FOR EVERY BUDGET OM of,/tt 0Id~$1 Firnu in,1tt U.S. droling in And"", Coi..s! VISIT OUR TABLE AT THESE SHOWS: I~«""""-' A'''''''''..... of ~ N-u-."'IJ _.tbu.w~19711 IloIIIII: /!II[ 11I~ Ii2D ClIIl!I!!I:UD, 1!J:K!:Ii 1l:~ li '&:!I Dec. 5-7- Bal timore Coin Convention. ;u!d.uIl'[ltlll\DM auction inform~ l kH J Conve nt io n Center. Baltimore. MD MY,!!!!!>l.: rUT rm: On·Unc! Fixed Price Lists Dec. 20-Allentown Numismatic Soc., & Public Sales · Appraisals Merchant's Square Mall, Allentown. PA Malter Co. Inc. Dec. 21 - Trevose Coin Show, 17003 V~ntur!l Blvd., SIC. 205, Buying and Selling ~ Encino, CA 91316 Fire House. Trevose. PA I'h. (1118) 784-7772 C01l1act Lllcie/! IJirkler Fax (818) 784-4726 P.O. Box 65908 ~7 TOLL "' REE (888) 784-21J1 POSTOFFlCE BOX 661 • "::-'11:1;1 : [email protected] Washington. D.C. 20035 HOPATCONG. NJ 07843 www.maltergalleries.com Tel. 202-833-3770 ' Fax 202-429-5275 (973) 398-0700 ILLUSTRATED CLASSIC COINS MAY 7-8, 2004 PRICELISTS Greek. Roman SEPT. 3-4, 2004 Greek Ancient & Medieval British COIN & STAMP SHOW SelectedJor quality and value Roman (FORMERLY THE Byzantine . _ "Davj~:f:S NUM/SMA TIC & ANTI- Request yours today! + ~ Cold Spring. MN 56320-1050 QUARIAN BOURSE) 320--68$-3835 • FAX 32Q.085..8636 Wayne C. Phillips email: roiruOo::loudrd.com CATHEDRAL HILL HOTEL P.o. Box 4096 VAN NESS & GEARY 81'S_ Diamond Bar, CA SAN FRANCISCO, CA 91765-0096 INFO: BICK INT'L Phone: (909) 629-0757 P_O_BOX854 VAN NUYS, CA 91408 Serving th e collector since 1959 ~~ IlDWiNIOS~ 818-887-6496 -;/wwv/. WllOW111O S. GOM r.--; ~'Ij!;:: fimll~ , AliP.1BUiDI &V #lOOJJl :lIE ~.~~~. f(ItIWT ORilll ROO'" IMA'/II£ COl!; C Coin Cabinets ) • •• ~-----='-'=-=.===--~ Buying and Selling Ancient, Medieval and All World Coins www.sixbid.com Free Pricelist six ways to bid: • Floor · Letter· Phone " IVe cuter 10 all collet'lors, • Fax · E-mail · Onli ne begilm er tl,rougl, advanced" The Portal to the World www.civitasgalleries.com of Numismatics 6800 University Ave Middleton, WI 53562 Te l: 608.836,1777 Fax: 608.836.9002 SIXBID December 2003 57 Club & Society Directory Ancient Coin Club Twin Cities Claooieal & Medieval 01 Chicago Ancient Coin Club Numismatic Society Meets the 4th Thursday of the Meets 3~r -1- ti t(s a year in Toronto, Meets)Jle 4th M nday of the month at 7:30pm at Immanuel Canada, in' . evi.: or~ at the NYINC, monlhA e ce~t .!?e ~.. at (jem at Lutheran Church, 104 Snelling and at t _ iijlal .c~~e~ tion of the the researe lbr~ry of Harlan J. Ave ., one block south of Grand BerIt!t;td. at 7'1W, Wa sHington, Ave. in SI. Pau l, MN . For more Canadian ~ ~ma~crssoc i ation. It also a.q!J 58 The Gelator Celator Classi INDEX OI DISPLAYADIERIISERS Rates: $5.00 for the first 20 wods, 200 each addit onal word. Ai.ied cd i Mr*er (AcM.L) STILL LOOKIN(; lor r speci.l book BULK LOTS 50 unclcincd RomaD sil!cr and bronTe coins just as tbund on an.ienl or tbreign coins? Please viril -AS our website: wwwvrnderd at dig silcs. Sold IS lbr o.1y contaci us by tax (+31 433 216 014). S69.95. Free illust.ared catalogs is- years. Van dDr Dusscn Numisn ric Books. lucd lbr 36 Francis Rath, tsox 266, Youngsiown. NY 1.1l7,l Witlnakerssrraat 14-A. 621I JB Maastricht. Netherlands. ACINC BUT AMIABLE COLLEC. ANCIENT and MEDIEVAL COINS. TOR invites you to chcckouthiswcbsitlr: HiStoricll blckgrouDd givcn lor cach coin http://$,w!v.deeptleld.corn/anooL A.r listed. Robe,t G. Lilly, PO. Box 7757. Noot, N 3106 Johnson Rd , Winter,Wl Cross l,anes,WV 25356. 30,1-759 0402, 54896-7503, email: [email protected] Wcb Sitc: hup/wwrv.wvintc rer-Ucoins SWAN ANCIENT COINS: MOSTLY ANCIITNI S & MORE Sourhelr Cali SESTERTII, Check them out rt fomi,i Coins off.rs a nice selection of www. swarcoins.com or BOOK SETS _ Now Available fLS'rA-lE SAIE!! for Subscription Payments Now offering PoyPol os on op cru Ei.r,, ,, /L n4r0n4r.|,,1r urr) tionyou con use fo convenient- ly poy your subscription, !,rsr].n,rrtr!&,4ir,24,r!d\h uNt for Celator hinderc, or bock is- sues Jusl send poyhent 10: ketence@ I tonlietnel nel,ond you con poy using the credit cord of your choice or hove Rl(lsvillhcq \idcrud Co.dirion ' nrv the monies ouiomoii.olly de- ducted from vour checkrno Sanford J. Durst occounr Or yoi con strll sen6 I I Clinron Av., Ro.kvrll. C. rr. NY, Il5?1) poyment directly fo us by Ph:5111 166 4.144r tlx:516 766-4520 check, money order or use your Viso/MosterCord. Dont miss a single The Celator issue P.O. Box 839, Lancaster. PA 17608 of The Celator. Phone/Tax (717) 656-8557 Renew today! wa@ Decenbet 20OS 59 ANTIQUA INC ANNOUNCES CATALOGUE XII FEATURING SUPERB ANCIENT GREEK AND ROMAN COINS OF THE HIGHEST QUALITY AN ENGLISH COLLECTION OF ROMAN OIL LAMPS Catalogue XII features one of the strongest offerings of ancient Greek, Roman and Judaean coins ever. Greek coins are highlighted by a fine and diverse group of high quality pieces from South Italy to Ptolemaic Egypt. Some of the highlights are choice examples from Rhegium, Agrigentum, Camerina, Messana, Naxos, Selinus, Syracuse (including many examples from the signing artisl period), Siculo-Pun ic, Macedon, Seleucid Kingdom, and Tyre. The Judaean selection is highlighted by many of the greatest rarities in the Jewish War and Bar Kochba Revolt series, including a wonderful shekel of Year 4, a Bar Kochba tetradrachm of Year One, and many of the hybrids of Year One and Two. Roman coins include many of the rarities from Augustus, a Port of Ostia sestertius of Nero, a sestel1ius ofYitellius, one of the best groupings of Judaea Capta coins offered in many years, and rare gold of Trajan, Septimius Severus and Constantine the Great. Always popular, Roman Oil Lamps conclude Catalogue XII in one of the largest selec tions ever. They include a large and varied selection of gladiator and game lamps in the finest quality as well as many types unknown in major collections. AVAILABLE IN DECEMBER 2003 Complimentary catalogue sent upon request ANTIQUAINC 20969 Ventura Blvd., Suite # II Woodland Hills, CA 91364 USA Tele. 818-887-0011, Fax 818-887-0069 E-Mail [email protected] Web Address: Antiquainc.com 60 The Celator n m Auctions • Fixed Price Lists • Purchases and Sales Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. Leading The World in Ancien~ Medieval & British Numismatics United States Office: Post Office Box 479, Lancaster, PA 17608-0479, USA Tel: 717.390.9194 Fax: 717.390.9978 London Office: 14 Old Bond Street, London W1S 4Pp, UK Tel: +44.20.7495.1888 Fax: +44.20.7499.5916 Complimentary Catalogue On Request [email protected] 68 YEARS OF NUMISMATIC AUCTION EXPERIENCE STARTING OFF 2004 WITH A BANG! PUBLIC AUCTION SALE January 14-15, 2004 TO COINCIDE WITH THE NEW YORK INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION Featuring: Ancient and Foreign Gold, Silver & Copper Coins. Highlights include: • An extensive group of Roman Imperial Aurei as well as the historic Brutus Denarius • Selections from the Cornelius Vermeule III Collection. • An outstanding offering of Philippines and British Com monwealth coins. All Auclions begin promptly al 6:30 p.m. al Le Parker·Meridie. Holel, 118 Wesl ;71h Sireel, New York Cily Profusely illustrated catalogs are available ror $15 (including Prices Realized after the Sale) ,.-J~~~~~~~ 123 West 57th Street· New York, NY 1()()19 Telephone: (212) 582·2580 FAX, (212) 245·5018", (212) 582·1946 VISit us at: www.slacb.com Auctions· Appraisals· Retail- Since 1935 e-mail usat:[email protected]