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AI, now and future

Wei Xu Baidu

1 Baidu 1. Now 2. Future

2 Baidu AI wave

3 Baidu AI job market

AI Job opening change in China (%) Shares of US Jobs Requiring AI Skills Data source: zhaopin.com Data source: indeed.com Figure credit: zhaopin.com Figure credit: AI Index 2017 Annual Report

4 Baidu Driving forces for the recent AI progress

 Big data 3.5  Computation power 3 

2.5

2

1.5 Accuracy

1 Traditional ML Deep learning 0.5

0 Data size

5 Baidu Deep learning revolution

Shallow neural net Deep neural net

6 Baidu

Chinse speech recognition for voice search

10.0% E r r o 5.0% r

R 0.0% a t e

7 Baidu Image recognition

ImageNet classification error 0.3

0.25 First deep learning model

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Human 2015 2016 2017

8 Baidu Image recognition

Japanese cherry Sushi Ferrari California

Echeveria Mebina Mapo tofu Toyota land cruiser

9 Baidu Face recognition from parental faces

10 Baidu Face recognition across time - finding lost person

4 year old 10 year old

11 Baidu Generating faces

Karas et. al. 2018 12 Baidu Medical image analysis: skin cancer

Figure from Esteva et al.

13 Baidu Document analysis

Speech tech Baidu AI dev Theme tag Baidu held its first AI developer Theme tag conference conference Creating the most complete AI open Technology 0.93 Tech Topic tag eco-system AI 0.95

AI Autonomous Entity tag Jul. 5, Baidu AI developer conference driving (Baidu Create 2017) was held in Tesla national conference center. Baidu Topic tag announced its complete AI eco-system Baidu strategy to 5000 developers and partners. Baidu create 0.95 North HCI highway 5 Baidu founder, board president and CEO said, “AI is the destined future, Entity tag openness will benefit more people. New Baidu 0.9 Developer energy AI L3 vehicle Robin Li 0.9 Apollo Qi Lu 0.9 DuerOS 0.75 Car industry L4 Lidar Apollo 0.7

Graph

14 Baidu

Text Conversation OCR translation translation translation

15 Baidu Simultaneous translation

16 Baidu Reading comprehension – single document The Stanford Question Answering Dataset

17 Baidu Reading comprehension: multi-document

Microsoft Machine Reading Comprehension Dataset (MS MARCO)

18 Baidu Board games

Google DeepMind: AlphaZero

19 Baidu AI applications at Baidu

20 Baidu What tasks are suitable for AI?

Criteria ✔ ✘ Well defined input-output mapping Predict loan default Summarize document Large data sets Predict ad click Detect intrusion Clearly definable goals and metrics Play board games Education No long chains of reasoning using Play video shooting Dialog diverse background knowledge or game common sense No need for detailed explanation Recognize character Diagnose disease A tolerance for error Recommend product Drive No specialized dexterity, physical Manufacturing robot Household robot skills, or mobility required for specific task

Brynjolfsson et. al. 2017

21 Baidu 1. Now 2. Future

22 Baidu Near term impact: more routine jobs will be automated

23 Baidu Near term impact: job displacement

Source: McKinsey

24 Baidu Occupations requiring higher levels of education and experience have lower automation potential

Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics; O*Net; McKinsey Global Institute analysis

25 Baidu Long term impact: human level intelligence

Muller et al, 2014

26 Baidu Long term impact: good or bad?

Muller et al, 2014

27 Baidu Thank you!

28 Baidu Thank you!

29 Baidu