RESISTANCE TO DEER BROWSING TREES Abies ...... balsamea ...... Balsam Fir...... Occasionally severely damaged ...... concolor ...... White Fir...... Occasionally severely damaged ...... fraseri...... Fraser Fir...... Occasionally severely damaged ...... pseudotsuga menziesii...... Douglas Fir...... Seldom severely damaged Acer ...... griseun...... Paperbark Maple...... Seldom severely damaged ...... palmatum...... Japanese Maple...... Seldom severely damaged ...... pennsylvanicum...... Striped Maple...... Seldom severely damaged platanoides ...... Norway Maple...... Occasionally severely damaged rubrum ...... Red Maple...... Seldom severely damaged saccharum ...... Silver Maple...... Occasionally severely damaged saccharum ...... Sugar Maple...... Seldom severely damaged Aesculus hippocastanum ...... Horsechestnut...... Occasionally severely damaged parviflora...... Bottlebrush Buckeye...... Rarely damaged x carnea...... Ruby Horsechestnut...... Seldom severely damaged Albizia julibrissin...... Mimosa...... Rarely damaged Amelanchier arborea ...... Downy Serviceberry...... Seldom severely damaged canadensis ...... Shadbush...... Seldom severely damaged laevis...... Allegheny Serviceberry...... Seldom severely damaged Asimina triloba...... Pawpaw...... Rarely damaged Betula albo-sinensis...... Chinese Paper Birch...... Seldom severely damaged jacquemontii ...... Himalayan Birch...... Seldom severely damaged lutea...... Yellow Birch...... Seldom severely damaged nigra...... River Birch...... Rarely damaged papyrifera...... Paper Birch...... Rarely damaged pendula...... European White Birch...... Seldom severely damaged Cedrus atlantica...... Atlas Cedar...... Occasionally severely damaged Cercidiphyllum japonicum ...... Katsura Tree...... Rarely damaged Ceris canadensis...... Eastern Redbud...... Occasionally severely damaged Chamaecyparis obtusa...... Hinoki Cypress...... Occasionally severely damaged pisifera ...... Japanese False Cypress...... Seldom severely damaged thyoides ...... Atlantic White Dedar...... Occasionally severely damaged Chaenomeles speciosa...... Common Flowering Quince...... Seldom severely damaged Chionanthus retusus ...... Chinese Fringe Tree...... Seldom severely damaged virginicus...... White Fringe Tree...... Occasionally severely damaged Cornus alternifolia ...... Dogwood...... Occasionally severely damaged florida...... Flowering Dogwood...... Occasionally severely damaged kousa ...... Kousa Dogwood...... Seldom severely damaged mas...... Cornelian Cherry...... Occasionally severely damaged Cotinus coggygria ...... Smokebush...... , Seldom severely damaged Crataegus laevigata ...... English Hawthorn...... Seldom severely damaged Cryptomeria japonica...... Japanese Cedar...... Seldom severely damaged Cupressocyparis leyandii ...... Leyland Cypress...... Occasionally severely damaged Elaeagnus angustifolia ...... Russian Olive...... Rarely damaged Fagus sylvatica...... European Beech...... Seldom severely damaged Fraxinus excelsior ...... European Ash...... Seldom severely damaged pennsylvanica...... Green Ash...... Seldom severely damaged Gleditsia triacanthos...... Honey Locust...... Seldom severely damaged Ilex opaca...... American Holly...... Rarely damaged pernyi...... Penyi Holly...... Occasionally severely damaged x aquipernyi ...... Dragon Lady, San Jose Holly...... Seldom severely damaged x 'Nelliw R. Stevens' ...... Nellie Stevens Holly...... Occasionally severely damaged Juniperus virginiana ...... Eastern Red Cedar...... Seldom severely damaged Koelreuteria paniculata ...... Goldenrain Tree...... Seldom severely damaged Larix decidua...... European Larch...... Occasionally severely damaged Liquidambar styraciflua ...... Sweetgum...... Occasionally severely damaged Liriodendron tulipifera...... Tulip Tree...... Seldom severely damaged Magnolia x soulangiana ...... Saucer Magnolia...... Seldom severely damaged Malus species ...... Crabapple...... Occasionally severely damaged Metasequoia glypto ...... Dawn Redwood...... Damaged Oxydendrum arboreum ...... Sourwood...... Seldom severely damaged Picea species ...... Spruce abies ...... Norway Spruce...... Seldom severely damaged glauca ...... White Spruce...... Seldom severely damaged glauca 'Conica' ...... Dwarf Alberta spruce...... Rarely damaged omorika...... Serbian Spruce...... Seldom severely damaged pungens...... Colorado Blue Spruce...... Occasionally severely damaged Pinus densiflora ...... Japanese Red Pine...... Damaged nigra...... Austrian Pine...... Seldom severely damaged resinosa ...... Red Pine...... Rarely damaged rigida...... Pitch Pine...... Rarely damaged strobus...... Eastern White Pine...... Seldom severely damaged sylvestris...... Scotch Pine...... Seldom severely damaged thunbergiana...... Japanese Black Pine...... Rarely damaged Prunus avium ...... Sweet Cherry...... Occasionally severely damaged serrulata...... Japanese Flowering Cherry...... Seldom severely damaged species...... Cherry...... Frequently severely damaged species...... Plum...... Frequently severely damaged

Pyrus calleryana...... Flowering pear...... Occasionally severely damaged communis ...... Common Pear...... Occasionally severely damaged Quercus alba...... White Oak...... Occasionally severely damaged rubra ...... Northern Red Oak...... Occasionally severely damaged species...... Oak...... Occasionally severely damaged Rhus typhina ...... Staghorn Sumac...... Occasionally severely damaged Robinia pseudoacia...... Black Locust...... Occasionally severely damaged Salix species...... Willow...... Occasionally severely damaged matsudana tortuosa...... Corkscrew Willow...... Seldom severely damaged Sassafras albidurn ...... Common Sassafras...... Seldom severely damaged Sorbus aucuparia ...... European Mountain Ash...... Frequently severely damaged Thuja occidentalis...... American Arborvitae...... Frequently severely damaged Thuja plicata...... Western Red Cedar...... Occasionally severely damaged Tilia americana...... Basswood...... Occasionally severely damaged cordata 'Greenspire' ...... Greenspire Littleleaf Linden...... Occasionally severely damaged species...... Linden...... Rarely severely damaged Tsuga canadensis ...... Eastern Hemlock...... Occasionally severely damaged caroliniana ...... Carolina Hemlock...... Occasionally severely damaged SHRUBS Abelia specie...... Glossy Abelia...... Seldom severely damaged Abies balsamae...... Dwarf Balsam Fir...... Seldom severely damaged Andromeda polifolia ...... Bog Rosemary...... Seldom severely damaged Aralia spinosa...... Devil's Walking Stick...... Rarely damaged Arctostaphylos uva-ursi...... Bearberry...... Rarely damaged Aronia arbutifolia ...... Red Chokeberry...... Seldom severely damaged Aucuba japonica...... Goldust Plant...... Seldom severely damaged Berberis species...... Barberry...... Rarely damaged Buddleia sp...... Butterfly bush...... Rarely damaged Callicarpa sp...... Beautyberry...... Seldom severely damaged Calluna specie...... Heather...... Rarely damaged Calycanthus floridus...... Common Sweetshrub...... Seldom severely damaged occidentalis ...... California Sweetshrub...... Seldom severely damaged Caryopteris clandonensis...... Blue Mist Shrub...... Rarely damaged Cephalotaxus harringtonia ...... Japanese Plum ...... Occasionally severely damaged Chaenomeles japonica...... Japanese Flowering Quince...... Seldom severely damaged species ...... Fl. Quince Clerodendrum fargesii...... Harlequin Glorybower...... Seldom severely damaged Clethra alnifolia ...... Summersweet specie...... Sweet Pepperbush...... Seldom severely damaged Cornus alba...... Red Twigged Dogwood...... Seldom severely damaged racemosa ...... Panicled Dogwood...... Occasionally severely damaged sanguinea...... Bloodtwig Dogwood...... Occasionally severely damaged sericea...... Red Osier Dogwood...... Seldom severely damaged Corylopsis glabrescens ...... Fragrant Winterhazel...... Occasionally severely damaged Corylus specie...... Hazelnut...... Seldom severely damaged Cotinus coggygria ...... Smokebush...... Seldom severely damaged Cotoneasters apiculatus ...... Cranberry Cotoneaster...... Seldom severely damaged congestus...... Pyrenees Cotoneaster...... Seldom severely damaged dammeri ...... Bearberry Cotoneaster...... Seldom severely damaged horizontalis ...... Rockspray Cotoneaster...... Seldom severely damaged salicifolius...... Willowleaf Cotoneaster...... Seldom severely damaged Cytisus sp...... Broom...... Rarely damaged Daphne sp...... Daphne...... Rarely damaged Deutzia sp ...... Deutzia...... Seldom severely damaged Elaeagnus angustifolia ...... Russian Olive...... Rarely damaged umbellatus...... Autumn Olive...... Seldom severely damaged Enkianthus campanulatus...... Redvein Enkianthus...... Seldom severely damaged Erica specie...... Heath...... Rarely damaged Euonymus alatus...... Burning Bush/Winged Euonymus...... Occasionally severely damaged fortunei ...... Wintercreeper...... Occasionally severely damaged japonica...... Japanese Euonymus...... Occasionally severely damaged Forsythia x intermedia...... Forsythia...... Seldom severely damaged Fothergilla specie ...... Fothergilla...... Seldom severely damaged Halesia carolina...... Carolina Silverbell...... Seldom severely damaged Hamamelis virginiana...... Common Witch-hazel...... Seldom severely damaged Hippophae rhamnoides ...... Sea Buckthorn...... Seldom severely damaged Hibiscus syriacus ...... Rose-of-Sharon...... Seldom severely damaged Hydrangea arborescens ...... Smooth Hydrangea...... Occasionally severely damaged macrophylla...... Bigleaf Hydrangea...... Occasionally severely damaged paniculata...... Panicle Hydrangea...... Occasionally severely damaged quercifolia...... Oakleaf Hydrangea...... Occasionally severely damaged Hypericum prolificum...... St. Johnswort...... Seldom severely damaged Ilex aquifolium...... English Holly...... Seldom severely damaged conferta ...... Shore Juniper...... Occasionally severely damaged cornuta ...... Chinese Holly...... Seldom severely damaged crenata ...... Japanese Holly...... Occasionally severely damaged glabra ...... Inkberry...... Seldom severely damaged meserveae ...... Blue Holly...... Occasionally severely damaged verticillata ...... Winterberry Holly...... Seldom severely damaged x 'John T. Morris' ...... John T. Morris Holly...... Rarely damaged x 'Lydia Morris' ...... Lydia Morris Holly...... Rarely damaged Itea virginica ...... Virginia Sweetspire...... Seldom severely damaged Juniper chinensis ...... Chinese Juniper...... Seldom severely damaged chinensis 'Pfitzerana'...... Pfitzer Juniper...... Seldom severely damaged horizontalis ...... Creeping Juniper...... Seldom severely damaged horizontalis ...... 'Prince of Wales' Juniper...... Rarely damaged horizontalis 'Youngstown'...... Youngstown Andorra Juniper...... Seldom severely damaged procumbens 'Nana' ...... Japanese Garden Juniper...... Seldom severely damaged sabin cv ...... Savin/Tam Juniper...... Seldom severely damaged scopulorum cv ...... Mountain Juniper...... Seldom severely damaged scopulorum 'Moonglow'...... Moonglow Juniper...... Rarely damaged squamata cv...... Singleseed Juniper...... Seldom severely damaged squamata 'Blue Star' ...... Blue Star Juniper...... Seldom severely damaged Kalmia latifolia ...... Mountain Laurel...... Occasionally severely damaged Kerria japonica ...... Japanese Kerria...... Seldom severely damaged Kolkwitzia amabilis ...... Beauty Bush...... Seldom severely damaged Lagerstroemia indica...... Crape Myrtle...... Seldom severely damaged Leucothoe axillaris ...... Coast Leucothoe...... Seldom severely damaged fontanesiana...... Drooping Leucothoe...... Rarely damaged Ligustrum specie ...... Privet...... Seldom severely damaged Lindera benzoin...... Spicebush...... Seldom severely damaged Magnolia x soulangiana ...... Saucer Magnolia...... Seldom severely damaged Mahonia aquifolium...... Oregon Grape Holly...... Rarely damaged bealei...... Leatherleaf Mahonia...... Rarely damaged Microbiota decussata ...... Russian Cypress...... Rarely damaged Myrica pennsylvanica...... Bayberry...... Rarely damaged Nandina specie ...... Heavenly Bamboo...... Occasionally severely damaged Osmanthus heterophyllus ...... Holly Osmanthus...... Seldom severely damaged Philadelphus coronarius...... Sweet Mock Orange...... Seldom severely damaged Pieris floribunda ...... Mountain Pieris...... Rarely damaged japonica...... Japanese Pieris Andromeda...... Rarely damaged Pinus mugho ...... Mugho pine...... Seldom severely damaged Potentilla fruticosa...... Bush Cinquefoil...... Rarely damaged Prunus laurocerasus...... Cherry Laurel...... Seldom severely damaged x cistena ...... Purple Leaf Sand Cherry...... Occasionally severely damaged Pyracantha coccinea...... Firethorn...... Seldom severely damaged Rhammus sp ...... Buckthorn...... Seldom severely damaged Rhododendron carolinianum...... Carolina Rhododendron...... Occasionally severely damaged catawbiense ...... Catawba Rhododendron...... Occasionally severely damaged maximum...... Rosebay Rhododendron...... Occasionally severely damaged penclymenoides ...... Pinxterbloom Azalea...... Frequently severely damaged specie...... Rhododendron...... Frequently severely damaged specie...... Deciduous Azaleas...... Occasionally severely damaged specie...... Evergreen Azaleas...... Frequently severely damaged Rhus aromatica ...... Fragrant Sumac...... Rarely damaged Ribes species...... Currant...... Seldom severely damaged Rosa multiflora...... Multiflora Rose...... Occasionally severely damaged rugosa ...... Rugosa Rose...... Occasionally severely damaged x hybrid...... Hybrid Tea Rose...... Occasionally severely damaged Rubus specie...... Brambles...... Seldom severely damaged Sambucus canadensis ...... Blueberry Elder, Sweet Elder...... Seldom severely damaged racemosa ...... Red Elderberry...... Rarely damaged Sarcoccoca hookeriana...... Sweet Box...... Rarely damaged Skimmia japonica ...... Japanese Skimmia...... Rarely damaged Spiraea japonica...... Japanese Spiraea ...... Seldom severely damaged prunifolia...... Bridalwreath Spiraea...... Seldom severely damaged x bumalda...... Anthony Waterer Spirea...... Seldom severely damaged Symphoricarpos albus...... Snowberry...... Seldom severely damaged x chenaultii ...... Coralberry...... Seldom severely damaged Syringa reticulata...... Japanese Lilac Tree...... Seldom severely damaged villosa ...... Late Lilac...... Occasionally severely damaged vulgaris...... Common Lilac...... Seldom severely damaged x chinesis ...... Chinese Lilac...... Occasionally severely damaged x persica...... Persian Lilac...... Occasionally severely damaged Taxus specie ...... Yews...... Frequently severely damaged Vaccinum corymbosum...... Highbush Blueberry...... Occasionally severely damaged Viburnum carlesii ...... Koreanspice Viburnum...... Seldom severely damaged dentatum ...... Arrowwood Viburnum...... Rarely damaged opulus...... Cranberry Bush...... Seldom severely damaged plicatum tomentosum...... Doublefile Viburnum...... Seldom severely damaged prunifolium...... Blackhaw Viburnum...... Seldom severely damaged rhytidophyllum ...... Leatherleaf Viburnum ...... Seldom severely damaged x juddii ...... Judd Viburnum ...... Seldom severely damaged Weigela florida ...... Weigela...... Seldom severely damaged

VINES

Campsis radicans...... Trumpet Vine...... Occasionally severely damaged Celastrus scandens...... Bittersweet...... Seldom severely damaged Clematis species ...... Clematis...... Occasionally severely damaged Euonymus fortunei ...... Wintercreeper...... Frequently severely damaged Hedera helix ...... English Ivy...... Occasionally severely damaged Hydrangea anomala petiolaris ...... Hydrangea...... Occasionally severely damaged Jasminum nudiflorum ...... Winter Jasmine...... Seldom severely damaged Lonicera x heckrottii ...... Honeysuckle...... Occasionally severely damaged Parthenocissus quinquifolia ...... VA Creeper...... Occasionally severely damaged Wisteria floribunda ...... Wisteria...... Seldom severely damaged PERENNIALS

Achillea filipendulina...... Yarrow...... Seldom severely damaged millefolium...... Common Yarrow...... Seldom severely damaged Aconitum species ...... Monkshood...... Rarely damaged Aegopodium podagaria ...... Bishop's Weed...... Rarely damaged Agapanthus species...... African Lily...... Seldom severely damaged Agastache species ...... Anise Hyssop...... Rarely damaged Ajuga reptans ...... Bugleweed...... Rarely damaged Alcea species ...... Hollyhock...... Occasionally severely damaged Alchemilla species...... Lady's Mantle...... Seldom severely damaged Allium species ...... Ornamental Onion...... Rarely damaged Anchusa species ...... Bugloss...... Seldom severely damaged Anemone x hybrida ...... Japanese Anemone...... Seldom severely damaged Anemonella thalictroides ...... Rue Anemone...... Seldom severely damaged Aquilegia species ...... Columbine...... Seldom severely damaged Arabis caucasica ...... Rock Cress...... Rarely damaged Arisaema triphylum ...... Jack-in-the-Pulpit...... Rarely damaged Armeria maritima...... Sea Thrift...... Seldom severely damaged Armoracia rusticana ...... Horseradish...... Rarely damaged Artemisia dracumculus ...... Tarragon...... Rarely damaged species...... Silver Mound, Wormwood...... Rarely damaged Aruncus species...... Goat's Beard...... Occasionally severely damaged Asarium canadense ...... Wild Ginger...... Rarely damaged europaeum ...... European Ginger...... Rarely damaged Asclepias incarnata...... Swamp Milkweed...... Seldom severely damaged tuberosa...... Butterfly Weed...... Seldom severely damaged Aster species...... Aster...... Seldom severely damaged Astilbe species ...... Astilbe...... Seldom severely damaged Aubretia deltoidea ...... Purple Rock Cress...... Rarely damaged Aurinia saxatillis ...... Basket of Gold...... Rarely damaged Baptisia australis ...... False indigo...... Rarely damaged Begonia grandis ...... Hardy Begonia...... Occasionally severely damaged Bellis perennis...... English Daisy...... Occasionally severely damaged Bergenia species...... Heartleaf Bergenia...... Seldom severely damaged Boltonia asteroides...... White Boltonia...... Seldom severely damaged Bruneria macrophylla (Brunnera)...... Siberian Bugloss...... Rarely damaged Campanula glomerata...... Bellflower...... Occasionally severely damaged Cactaceae sprcies...... Cactus...... Rarely damaged Centaruea montana ...... Mountain Bluet...... Occasionally severely damaged Cerastium...... Snow-in-Summer...... Seldom severely damaged Chelone species...... Pink Turtlehead...... Occasionally severely damaged Chrysanthemum...... Fall Mums...... Occasionally severely damaged parthemium...... Feverfew...... Seldom severely damaged superbum...... Shasta Daisy...... Occasionally severely damaged Cimicifuga species ...... Bugbane, Snakeroot...... Seldom severely damaged Convallaria majalis ...... Lily of the Valley...... Rarely damaged Coreopsis lanceolata ...... Lance Coreopsis...... Seldom severely damaged verticillata...... Threadleaf Coreopsis...... Rarely damaged Corydalis species ...... Corydalis...... Rarely damaged Cyclamen species ...... Cyclamen...... Seldom severely damaged Delphinium species ...... Delphinium...... Seldom severely damaged Dianthus species...... Carnation, Pinks...... Seldom severely damaged Dicentra eximia ...... Fringed Bleeding Heart...... Rarely damaged spectabilis...... Bleeding Heart...... Rarely damaged Dictamnus alba ...... Gas Plant...... Seldom severely damaged Digitalis grandiflora...... Yellow Foxglove...... Seldom severely damaged Echinacea purpurea ...... Purple Coneflower...... Seldom severely damaged Echinops ritro ...... Small Globe Thistle...... Rarely damaged Epimedium ...... Barrenwort...... Rarely damaged Erigeron species ...... Fleabane...... Occasionally severely damaged Eryngium species...... Sea-Holly...... Frequently severely damaged Erythronium...... Trout Lily...... Seldom severely damaged Eupatorium coelestinurn ...... Mist Flower...... Seldom severely damaged rugosum...... White Snakeroot...... Seldom severely damaged Euphorbia dulcis 'Chameleon'...... Spurge...... Occasionally severely damaged species (exc.'Chameleon'...... Spurge...... Rarely damaged Fern Adiantum pedatum ...... Maidenhair Fern...... Rarely damaged Athyrium felix femina ...... Lady Fern...... Rarely damaged Athyrium nipponicum...... Japanese Painted Fern...... Rarely damaged Dennstaedtia punctilobula ...... Hayscented Fern...... Rarely damaged Diplazium pycnocarpon ...... Glade Fern...... Rarely damaged Dryopteris ...... Wood,Shield & Buckler Ferns...... Rarely damaged Matteuccia pennsylvanica ...... Ostrich Fern...... Rarely damaged Onoclea sensibilis...... Senstitive Fern...... Rarely damaged Osmunda ...... Flowering Fern...... Rarely damaged Osmunda cinnamomea ...... Cinnamon Fern...... Rarely damaged Osmunda regalis ...... Royal Fern...... Rarely damaged Polystichum ...... Holly,Shield & Sword Ferns...... Rarely damaged Polystichum arcostichoides ...... Christmas Fern...... Rarely damaged Pteridium aquilinum...... Bracken Fern...... Rarely damaged Thelypteris ...... Maiden Fern...... Rarely damaged Filipendula species...... Meadowsweet, Meadow Queen...... Occasionally severely damaged Fragaria species...... Strawberry...... Frequently severely damaged Gaillardia species...... Blanket Flower...... Occasionally severely damaged Galium odoratum . (Asperula odorata)...... Sweet Woodruff...... Rarely damaged Gaultheria procumbens...... Creeping Wintergreen...... Seldom severely damaged Geranium clarkei...... Hardy Geranium...... Occasionally severely damaged Cranesbill endressii...... Hardy Geranium...... Frequently severely damaged macrorrhizum ...... Hardy Geranium...... Seldom severely damaged sanguineum...... Hardy Geranium...... Occasionally severely damaged x cantabrigiense ...... Hardy Geranium...... Occasionally severely damaged Geum species ...... Geum, Avens...... Occasionally severely damaged Grass (Ornamental) Acorus species...... Japanese Sweet Flag...... Rarely damaged Andropogon species ...... Big Bluestem...... Rarely damaged Arrhenatherum elatius...... Variegated Oat Grass...... Rarely damaged Arundo donax...... Giant Reed...... Rarely damaged Bambusa species...... Bamboo...... Seldom severely damaged Calamagrostis species...... Feather Reed Grass...... Rarely damaged Carex pendula...... Drooping Sedge...... Seldom severely damaged Carex species ...... Japanese Sedge...... Rarely damaged Chasmanthium latifolium...... Northern Sea Oats...... Rarely damaged Cortaderia selloana ...... Pampas Grass...... Rarely damaged Eragrostus curvula ...... Weeping Love Grass...... Rarely damaged Erianthus ravennae ...... Ravenna Grass...... Rarely damaged Fargesia species ...... Clump Bamboo...... Rarely damaged Festuca glauca...... Blue Fescue...... Rarely damaged Hakonechloa macra ...... Hakonechioa...... Rarely damaged Helictotrichon sempervirens...... Blue Oat Grass...... Rarely damaged Hystrix patula ...... Bottlebrush Grass...... Seldom severely damaged Imperata cylindrica ...... Japanese Blood Grass...... Rarely damaged Juncus effusus ...... Hard Rush...... Rarely damaged Koeleria glauca ...... Large Blue June Grass...... Rarely damaged Leuymus arenarius glaucousLyme Grass...... Rarely damaged Miscanthus floridulis...... Giant Japanese Silver Grass...... Rarely damaged Miscanthus sinensis ...... Japanese Silver Grass...... Rarely damaged Molinia caerulea ...... Purple Moor Grass...... Rarely damaged Molinia caer 'Variegata'...... Variegated Purple Moor Grass...... Rarely damaged Ophiopogon japonicus ...... Dwarf Mondo Grass...... Seldom severely damaged Panicum virgatum ...... Switch Grass...... Rarely damaged Pennisetum alopecuroides...... Fountain Grass...... Rarely damaged Pennisetum orientale ...... Oriental Fountain Grass...... Rarely damaged Phalaris arundinaceae ...... Ribbon Grass...... Seldom severely damaged Phyllostachys aurea ...... Golden Bamboo...... Rarely damaged Schizachyrium scoparium ...... Little Bluestem...... Rarely damaged Scirpus lacustris ...... Sedge...... Seldom severely damaged Sorhastrum nutans...... Indian Grass...... Rarely damaged Gypsophila species ...... Baby's Breath...... Seldom severely damaged Helleborus species...... Christmas Rose, Lenten Rose...... Rarely damaged Helenium autumnale ...... Sneezeweed...... Seldom severely damaged Hesperis matronalis ...... Dame's Rocket...... Rarely damaged Heuchera species ...... Coralbells...... Seldom severely damaged Hibiscus moscheutos ...... Rose Mallow...... Occasionally severely damaged Hosta species...... Hosta...... Frequently severely damaged Hypericum calycinum ...... St.Johnswort...... Seldom severely damaged Hyssopus officinalis...... Hyssop...... Rarely damaged Iberis sempervirens...... Candytuft...... Seldom severely damaged Iris spies ...... Iris...... Rarely damaged (may eat buds) Kirengeshoma palmata ...... Yellow Wax-Bells...... Seldom severely damaged Kniphofia tritoma ...... Red-Hot Poker...... Seldom severely damaged Lamium sp...... Dead Nettle...... Rarely damaged Lavendula species ...... Lavender...... Rarely damaged Leucanthemum maximum...... Shasta Daisy...... Occasionally severely damaged Liatris species ...... Blazing Star...... Seldom severely damaged Ligularia 'The Rocket'...... Rocket Ligularia...... Rarely damaged Limonium latifolium ...... Statice...... Rarely damaged Linaria vulgaris ...... Butter & Eggs...... Rarely damaged Lingularia dentata...... Bigleaf Goldenray...... Rarely damaged Liriope sp...... Lilyturf...... Seldom severely damaged Lobelia species ...... Cardinal Flower...... Seldom severely damaged Lupinus species ...... Lupine...... Seldom severely damaged Lychnis coronaria ...... Rose Campion...... Rarely damaged Lysimachia clethroides...... Gooseneck Loosestrife...... Occasionally severely damaged Lythrum species ...... Purple Loosestrife...... Occasionally severely damaged Marjorana ...... Marjoram...... Rarely damaged Marrubium vulgare ...... Horehound...... Rarely damaged Melissa officinalis ...... Lemon Balm...... Rarely damaged Mentha species ...... Mint...... Rarely damaged Mertensia virginica ...... Virginia Bluebells...... Seldom severely damaged Monarda didyma ...... Bee Balm...... Seldom severely damaged Myosotis species...... Forget-Me-Not...... Rarely damaged Nepeta species...... Catmint...... Rarely damaged Oenethera species ...... Sundrops...... Occasionally severely damaged Oreganum species ...... Oregano...... Rarely damaged Pachysandra procumbens ...... Allegheny Spurge...... Rarely damaged terminalis...... Pachysandra...... Rarely damaged Paeonia species...... Peony ...... Rarely damaged (May eat buds) Papaver orientale ...... Oriental Poppy...... Seldom severely damaged Pardancnda x norrisii ...... Candy Lily...... Frequently severely damaged Patrinia scabiosifolia ...... Patrina...... Seldom severely damaged Penstemon species...... Penstemon...... Occasionally severely damaged Perovskia atriplicifolia...... Russian Sage...... Rarely damaged Phlomis species ...... Greek Jerusalem Sage...... Rarely damaged Phlox species ...... Phlox...... Occasionally severely damaged Physostegia species ...... Obedient Plant...... Seldom severely damaged Platycodon grandiflorus...... Balloon Flower...... Occasionally severely damaged Podophyllum ...... May Apple...... Rarely damaged Polemonium caeruleum ...... Jacob's ladder...... Seldom severely damaged Polygonatum species ...... Soloman's Seal...... Occasionally severely damaged Potentilla species ...... Potentilla, Cinquefoil...... Rarely damaged Primula species...... Primrose...... Seldom severely damaged Pulmonaria species...... Lungwort...... Rarely damaged Ranunculus species ...... Buttercup...... Rarely damaged Rheum rhabarbarum ...... Rhubarb...... Seldom severely damaged Rodgersia specie ...... Rodgers Flower...... Rarely damaged Rudbeckia species ...... Black-eyed Susan...... Seldom severely damaged Ruta species...... Rue...... Rarely damaged Salvia argentea ...... Silver Sage nemorosa ...... Meadow Sage...... Seldom severely damaged officinalis...... Garden Sage...... Rarely damaged Santolina chamaecyparissus ...... Lavender Cotton...... Rarely damaged Saponaria species...... Soapwort...... Seldom severely damaged Satureja montana...... Savory...... Seldom severely damaged Scabiosa caucasica ...... Pincushion Flower...... Seldom severely damaged Sedum spectabile...... Showy Sedum...... Occasionally severely damaged Sempervivum species ...... Hens & Chicks...... Seldom severely damaged Sidalcia malviflora ...... Checkermallow...... Occasionally severely damaged Solidago species ...... Goldenrod...... Seldom severely damaged Stachys byzantina ...... Lamb's Ear...... Rarely damaged Stokesia laevis ...... Stoke's Aster...... Seldom severely damaged Symphytum officinale ...... Comfrey...... Occasionally severely damaged Symplocarpos foetidus...... Skunk Cabbage...... Seldom severely damaged Tanacetum vulgare ...... Common Tansy...... Rarely damaged Teucrium chamaedrys...... Germander...... Rarely damaged Thalictrum species ...... Meadow Rue...... Rarely damaged Tiarella cordifolia ...... Foam Flowers...... Seldom severely damaged Tradescantia species ...... Spiderwort...... Seldom severely damaged Tricyrtis hirta...... Toad Lily...... Seldom severely damaged Trillium species ...... Trillium...... Seldom severely damaged Trollius species ...... Globeflower...... Occasionally severely damaged Verbascum species...... Mullein...... Seldom severely damaged Veronica species...... Speedwell...... Seldom severely damaged Vinca minor ...... Periwinkle...... Seldom severely damaged Viola species ...... Violets...... Seldom severely damaged Yucca filimentosa ...... Yucca...... Rarely damaged ANNUALS Ageratum houstonianum...... Ageratum...... Rarely damaged Anethumus graveolens ...... Dill...... Seldom severely damaged Antirrhinum majus ...... Snapdragon...... Rarely damaged Begonia semperflorens ...... Wax Begonia...... Occasionally severely damaged Borage officinalis...... Borage...... Seldom severely damaged Brugmansia specie (Datura)...... Angels Trumpet...... Rarely damaged Calendula specie...... Pot Marigold...... Rarely damaged Campanula medium ...... Canterbury Bells...... Occasionally severely damaged Catharanthus rosea...... Annual Vinca...... Rarely damaged Celosia specie...... Cock's Comb...... Seldom severely damaged Centaurea cineraria...... Dusty Miller...... Rarely damaged cyanus...... Bachelor's Button...... Seldom severely damaged Ceratostigma plumbaginoides...... Plumbago...... Seldom severely damaged Cheiranthus specie ...... Wallflower...... Seldom severely damaged Cleome specie ...... Spider Flower...... Rarely damaged Coleus specie...... Coleus...... Occasionally severely damaged Consolida ambigua ...... Larkspur...... Rarely damaged Cosmos specie...... Cosmos...... Occasionally severely damaged Dahlia specie...... Dahlia...... Occasionally severely damaged Dianthus barbatus...... Sweet William...... Seldom severely damaged Digitalis purpurea ...... Common Foxglove...... Rarely damaged Eschscholzia californica ...... California Poppy...... Seldom severely damaged Euphorbia marinata...... Snow-on-the-Mountain...... Rarely damaged Gerbera jamesonii...... Gerbera Daisy...... Occasionally severely damaged Helianthus specie...... Sunflower...... Occasionally severely damaged Helichrysum...... Strawflower...... Rarely damaged Heliotropium arborescens ...... Heliotrope...... Rarely damaged Iberis umbellata...... Candytuft...... Seldom severely damaged Impatiens walleriana ...... Impatiens...... Occasionally severely damaged Ipomea specie...... Morning Glory...... Occasionally severely damaged Lantana specie...... Lantana...... Seldom severely damaged Lobelia specie ...... Lobelia...... Seldom severely damaged Lobularia maritima...... Sweet Alyssum...... Rarely damaged Lunaria annua ...... Money Plant...... Seldom severely damaged Matricaria specie ...... False Camomile...... Rarely damaged Matthiola specie ...... Stocks...... Seldom severely damaged Myosotis alpestris...... Forget-Me-Not...... Seldom severely damaged sylvatica...... Forget-Me-Not...... Rarely damaged Nicotiana specie...... Flowering Tobacco...... Rarely damaged Ocimum basilicum...... Basil...... Seldom severely damaged Papaver specie ...... Poppy...... Rarely damaged Pelargonium specie...... Geranium...... Occasionally severely damaged Perilla frutescens...... Shiso...... Seldom severely damaged Petroselinum crispum...... Parsley...... Seldom severely damaged Petunia specie...... Garden Petunia...... Occasionally severely damaged Pimpinella anisum...... Anise...... Rarely damaged Rosmarinus officinalis ...... Rosemary...... Rarely damaged Salvia ...... Salvia...... Seldom severely damaged Tagetes patula ...... French Marigold...... Seldom severely damaged Tropaeolum majus...... Nasturtium...... Seldom severely damaged Verbena x hybrida ...... Verbena...... Seldom severely damaged Viola species...... Pansy...... Occasionally severely damaged Zinnia species...... Zinnia...... Seldom severely damaged BULBS Allium species ...... Ornamental Onion...... Rarely damaged Caladium specie...... Caladium...... Occasionally severely damaged Camassia leichtlini ...... Camassia...... Seldom severely damaged Canna species ...... Canna Lily...... Seldom severely damaged Colchicum species ...... Autumn Crocus...... Rarely damaged Colocasia esculenta ...... Elephant Ear...... Seldom severely damaged Crocus species...... Crocus...... Seldom severely damaged Endymion specie...... Bluebell...... Rarely damaged Eranthus hyemalis...... Winter Aconite...... Rarely damaged Frittilaria imperialis ...... Crown Imperial,Fritilia...... Rarely damaged Galanthus nivalis...... Snowdrops...... Rarely damaged Gladiolus specie...... Gladiolus...... Seldom severely damaged Gloriosa superba...... Glory Lily...... Seldom severely damaged Hyacinth specie...... Hyacinth...... Seldom severely damaged Lilium specie...... Garden Lily...... Occasionally severely damaged Muscari specie ...... Grape Hyacinth...... Seldom severely damaged Narcissus specie ...... Daffodil...... Rarely damaged Oxalis specie...... Wood Sorrel...... Seldom severely damaged Scilla siberica ...... Siberian Squill...... Rarely damaged Tulip specie ...... Tulip...... Frequently severely damaged Zantedeschia specie ...... Calla Lily...... Seldom severely damaged