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Home , Aconitum columbianum, Actaea rubra, Aquilegia canadensis, Corydalis, Eschscholzia, Eudicots

• already looked at except monocots

Basal Eudicots • Eudicots are the majority of angiosperms and defined by 3 pored - often called tricolpates . . . transition from basal angiosperm to advanced eudicot . . .

Basal Eudicots Basal Eudicots • tricolpate pollen: only • tricolpate pollen: a morphological feature derived or advanced defining eudicots character state that has consistently evolved essentially once

• selective advantage for pollen Basal Eudicots Basal Eudicots • basal eudicots are a grade at the • basal eudicots are a grade at the base of eudicots - paraphyletic base of eudicots - paraphyletic

• morphologically are transitionary • morphologically are transitionary core eudicots core eudicots between basal angiosperms and the between basal angiosperms and the core eudicots core eudicots

lily • examine two orders only: sycamore - 7 families - 3 families trochodendron

Dutchman’s breeches marsh marigold boxwood

Basal Eudicots Basal Eudicots * (Ranunculales) - *Ranunculaceae (Ranunculales) - buttercup buttercup family • largest family of the basal • 60 genera, 2500 • perennial herbs, sometimes eudicots woody or herbaceous climbers or • distribution centered in low temperate and cold regions of the northern and southern hemispheres

Ranunculaceae baneberry Basal Eudicots Basal Eudicots marsh marigold *Ranunculaceae (Ranunculales) - *Ranunculaceae (Ranunculales) - CA 3+ CO (0)5+ A ∞∞ G (1)3+ buttercup family buttercup family • perennial herbs, sometimes • floral diversity enormous except ∞∞ and ∞∞ separate woody or herbaceous climbers or carpels low shrubs • (bird) ! or pollen reward, radial or • , alternate sheathing, bilateral symmetry usually basal and cauline, often divided or compound, or palmately lobed; no stipules.

anemone columbine anemone

Basal Eudicots Basal Eudicots *Ranunculaceae (Ranunculales) - diverse types *Ranunculaceae (Ranunculales) - buttercup family buttercup family

Follicles = ∞∞ seeded Berries = ∞∞ seeded = 1 seeded dehiscent fruit fleshy fruit indehiscent, dry fruit

Aconitum columbianum - monks’ hood rubra - red baneberry columbine baneberry buttercup Basal Eudicots Basal Eudicots *Ranunculaceae (Ranunculales) - *Ranunculaceae (Ranunculales) - buttercup family buttercup family

only ! canadensis - american columbine

sepals

Anemone patens - pasque Anemonella thalictroides - rue anemone

Basal Eudicots Basal Eudicots *Ranunculaceae (Ranunculales) - *Ranunculaceae (Ranunculales) - buttercup family buttercup family Sepals + petals, achenes

Caltha palustris - marsh marigold sepals only, follicles - buttercup, crowfoot Basal Eudicots Basal Eudicots *Ranunculaceae (Ranunculales) - * (Ranunculales) - buttercup family barberry family • 13 genera, 660 species; widespread in temperate regions of Dioecious - with separate male and female , wind pollinated! Northern hemisphere - ArctoTertiary relict distribution

male female • small shrubs () or herbs (rest of family).

Thalictrum dioicum - early meadow-rue - mayapple Berberis - barberry

Basal Eudicots Basal Eudicots *Berberidaceae (Ranunculales) - *Berberidaceae (Ranunculales) - CA 6 CO 6/9 A 6/9 G 1 barberry family barberry family • all genera attacked by same family • 3 merous , 1 superior carpel, of rusts marginal placentation,

Podophyllum – mayapple with Puccinia podophylli

marginal

Podophyllum - mayapple Berberis - barberry Podophyllum peltatum - mayapple Basal Eudicots Basal Eudicots *Berberidaceae (Ranunculales) - *Berberidaceae (Ranunculales) - barberry family barberry family

Berberis vulgaris European barberry

Podophyllum hexandrum eastern Asia Japanese barberry

Basal Eudicots Basal Eudicots *Berberidaceae (Ranunculales) - *Berberidaceae (Ranunculales) - barberry family barberry family J. dubia Eastern Asia thalictroides 4-merous! Eastern Asia Blue cohosh diphylla - twinleaf Basal Eudicots Basal Eudicots (Ranunculales) - * (Ranunculales) - moonseed family family • mainly tropical family, arrow poisons, usually viney • 25 genera and about 200 species • dioecious; separate carpels each produce one seeded drupes mainly of north temperates = fleshy with one bony • herbaceous, alternate compound leaves with colored ,

Chondrodendron curare canadense moonseed celadine poppy

Basal Eudicots Basal Eudicots *Papaveraceae (Ranunculales) - *Papaveraceae (Ranunculales) - poppy family poppy family somniferum poppy CA 2 CO 4/8 A ∞∞ G (2-∞∞ ) CA 2 CO 4/8 A ∞∞ G (2-∞∞ )

• 2 deciduous sepals, petals crumpled • pistil syncarpic forming = in dehiscent syncarpic fruit

celadine poppy celadine Basal Eudicots Basal Eudicots *Papaveraceae (Ranunculales) - *Papaveraceae (Ranunculales) - poppy family poppy family

Sanguinaria canadensis - bloodroot - California poppy - celadine poppy

Basal Eudicots Basal Eudicots *Papaveraceae (Ranunculales) - *Papaveraceae (Ranunculales) - poppy family poppy family • family Fumariaceae now in Papaveraceae = zygomorphic • family Fumariaceae now in Papaveraceae = zygomorphic with 2 carpels poppies with 2 carpels

Dicentra cucullaria - Dutchman’s breeches 2 carpellate capsules Basal Eudicots Basal Eudicots • Proteales - unusual of 3 families (Proteales) - one and two species - lotus lily family one North American and the • Nelumbonaceae - lotus lily family second East Asian (sacred • - sycamore family oriental lotus lily) • - family

• all 3 share unusual fruiting structures lutea - lotus lily - 1 carpellate in “heads” Nymphaea odorata - water lily

once considered related to water lilies of - now known to be convergence

Basal Eudicots Basal Eudicots Nelumbonaceae (Proteales) - one genus and two species - Nelumbonaceae (Proteales) - P ∞∞ A ∞∞ G [∞∞ ] lotus lily family one North American and the lotus lily family second East Asian (sacred • undifferentiated perianth - tepals oriental lotus lily) • filamentous stamens (vs. laminar in water lilies)

Nelumbo lutea - lotus lily

Habit is an aquatic, floating or emergent leaved, perennial herb. Leaves are simple, peltate. is a solitary flower.

Nelumbo lutea - lotus lily Basal Eudicots Basal Eudicots Nelumbonaceae (Proteales) - P ∞∞ A ∞∞ G [∞∞ ] Nelumbonaceae (Proteales) - P ∞∞ A ∞∞ G [∞∞ ] lotus lily family lotus lily family • separate, superior one-seeded carpels but held in the • “fruit” is a woody receptacle cone with a nut-like seed cavities of the obconical receptacle laying loose in each cavity

carpels

receptacle

Nelumbo lutea - lotus lily Nelumbo lutea - lotus lily

Basal Eudicots Basal Eudicots Platanaceae (Proteales) - sycamores Platanaceae (Proteales) - sycamores 1 genus with 10 species of northern • monoecious, female flowers apocarpic hemisphere , distinctive bark in spherical heads - wind pollination occidentalis - sycamore • fruit = head of achenes (one seeded) • with coma - ant dispersed Basal Eudicots Basal Eudicots Platanaceae (Proteales) - sycamores Proteaceae (Proteales) - • European plane - Platanus • large southern hemisphere family of 75 x hybrida - important urban genera, 1400 species - ecologically and shade tree morphologically diverse

• of 4 merous flowers with single superior carpel

Basal Eudicots Proteaceae (Proteales) - proteas • large southern hemisphere family of 75 genera, 1400 species - ecologically and morphologically diverse

• infructescence - often woody “cone” with single seeded fruits; serotinous