Landscape Plants Rated by Deer Resistance

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E271 Bulletin

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Landscape Plants Rated by Deer Resistance Pedro Perdomo, Morris County Agricultural Agent Peter Nitzsche, Morris County Agricultural Agent David Drake, Ph.D., Extension Specialist in Wildlife Management

The following is a list of landscape plants rated according to their resistance to deer damage. The list was compiled with input from nursery and landscape professionals, Cooperative Extension personnel, and Master Gardeners in Northern N.J. Realizing that no plant is deer proof, plants in the Rarely Damaged, and Seldom Rarely Damaged categories would be best for landscapes prone to deer damage. Plants Occasionally Severely Damaged and Frequently Severely Damaged are often preferred by deer and should only be planted with additional protection such as the use of fencing, repellents, etc. Success of any of these plants in the landscape will depend on local deer populations and weather conditions.

Latin Name Common Name Latin Name Common Name ANNUALS Petroselinum crispum Parsley Salvia Salvia Rarely Damaged Tagetes patula French Marigold Ageratum houstonianum Ageratum Tropaeolum majus Nasturtium Antirrhinum majus Snapdragon Verbena x hybrida Verbena Brugmansia sp. (Datura) Angel’s Trumpet Zinnia sp. Zinnia Calendula sp. Pot Marigold Catharanthus rosea Annual Vinca Occasionally Severely Damaged Centaurea cineraria Dusty Miller Begonia semperflorens Wax Begonia Cleome sp. Spider Flower Coleus sp. Coleus Consolida ambigua Larkspur Cosmos sp. Cosmos Euphorbia marginata Snow-on-the-Mountain Dahlia sp. Dahlia Helichrysum Strawflower Gerbera jamesonii Gerbera Daisy Heliotropium arborescens Heliotrope Helianthus sp. Sunflower Lobularia maritima Sweet Alyssum Impatiens balsamina Balsam, Touch-Me-Not Matricaria sp. False Camomile Impatiens walleriana Impatiens Myosotis sylvatica Forget-Me-Not Ipomea sp. Morning Glory Nicotiana sp. Flowering Tobacco Pelargonium sp. Geranium Papaver sp. Poppy Petunia sp. Garden Petunia Pimpinalla anisum Anise Viola sp. Pansy Rosmarinus officinalis Rosemary

Seldom Severely Damaged BIENNIALS Anethumus graveolens Dill Rarely Damaged Borage officinalis Borage Digitalis purpurea Common Foxglove Celosia sp. Cock’s Comb Centaurea cyanus Bachelor’s Buttons Seldom Severely Damaged Cheiranthus sp. Wallflower Dianthus barbatus Sweet William Eschscholzia californica California Poppy Lunaria annua Money Plant Iberis umbellata Candytuft Myosotis alpestris Forget-Me-Not Lantana sp. Lantana Lobelia sp. Lobelia Matthiola sp. Stocks Occasionally Severely Damaged Ocimum basilicum Basil Campanula medium Canterbury Bells Perilla frutescens Shiso

– 1 – Latin Name Common Name Latin Name Common Name BULBS Seldom Severely Damaged Rarely Damaged Ceratostigma plumbaginoides Plumbago Gaultheria procumbens Creeping Wintergreen Allium sp. Ornamental Onion Liriope sp. Lilyturf Colchicum sp. Autumn Crocus Vinca major Large Periwinkle Endymion sp. Bluebell Vinca minor Periwinkle Eranthus hyemalis Winter Aconite Fritilaria imperialis Crown Imperial, Fritilia Galanthus nivalis Snowdrops Occasionally Severely Damaged Narcissus sp. Daffodil Euonymus fortunei Wintercreeeper Scilla siberica Siberian Squill Hedera helix English Ivy

Seldom Severely Damaged ORNAMENTAL GRASSES Camassia leichtlini Camassia Rarely Damaged Canna sp. Canna Lily Acorus sp. Japanese Sweet Flag Colocasia esculenta Elephant Ear Andropogon sp. Big Bluestem Crocus sp. Crocus Arrhenatherum elatius Varigated Oat Grass Gladiolus sp. Gladiolus Arundo donax Giant Reed Gloriosa superba Glory Lily Calamagrostis sp. Feather Reed Grass Hyacinthus sp. Hyacinth Carex sp. Japanese Sedge Muscari sp. Grape Hyacinth Chasmanthium latifolium Northern Sea Oats Oxalis sp. Wood Sorrel Cortaderia selloana Pampus Grass Zantedeschia sp. Calla Lily Eragrostus curvula Weeping Love Grass Erianthus ravennae Ravenna Grass Occasionally Severely Damaged Fargesia sp. Clump Bamboo Caladium sp. Caladium Festuca glauca Blue Fescue Lilium sp. Garden Lily Hakonechloa macra Hakonechloa Helictotrichon sempervirens Blue Oat Grass Frequently Severely Damaged Imperata cylindrica Japanese Blood Grass Tulip sp. Tulip Juncus Effusus Hard Rush Koeleria glauca Large Blue June Grass Leymus arenarius glaucous Lyme Grass FERNS Miscanthus floridulis Giant Japanese Silver Grass Rarely Damaged Miscanthus sinensis Japanese Silver Grass Athyrium goeringianum Japanese Painted Fern Molinia caerulea Purple Moor Grass (nipponicum) Molinia caerulea ‘Variegata’ Variegated Purple Moor Grass Cyrtomium falcatum Holly Fern Panicum virgatum Switch Grass Dennstaedtia punctilobula Hayscented Fern Pennisetum alopecuroides Fountain Grass Dryopteris marginalis Wood Fern Pennisetum orientale Oriental Fountain Grass Matteuccia struthiopteris Ostrich Fern Phyllostachys aurea Golden Bamboo Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive Fern Schizachyrium scoparium Little Bluestem Osmunda cinnamomea Cinnamon Fern Sorghastrum nutans Indian Grass Osmunda regalis Royal Fern Polystichum arcostichoides Christmas Fern Seldom Severely Damaged Thelyptens noveboracensis New York Fern Bambusa sp. Bamboo Carex pendula Drooping Sedge GROUNDCOVERS Hystrix patula Bottlebrush Grass Rarely Damaged Ophiopogon japonicus Dwarf Mondo Grass Phalaris arundinaceae Ribbon Grass Aegopodium podagaria Bishop’s Weed Scirpus lacustris Sedge Ajuga reptans Bugleweed Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Bearberry Convallaria majalis Lily of the Valley PERENNIALS Epimediurn sp. Barrenwort Rarely Damaged Galium odoratum (Asperula Sweet Woodruff Aconitum sp. Monkshood odorata) Agastache sp. Anise Hyssop Lamium sp. Spotted Deadnettle Allium sp. Ornamental Onion Pachysandra procumbens Allegheny Spurge Arabis caucasica Rock-Cress Pachysandra terminalis Pachysandra – 2 – Latin Name Common Name Latin Name Common Name Arisaema triphylum Jack-in-the-pulpit Anchusa sp. Bugloss Armoracia rusticana Horseradish Anemone x hybrida Japanese Anemone Artemisia dracunculus Tarragon Anemonella thalictroides Rue Anemone Artemisia sp. Silver Mound Aquilegia sp. Columbine Asarum canadense Wild Ginger Armeria maritima Sea Thrift Asarum europaeum European Ginger Asclepias incarnata Swamp Milkweed Aubretia deltoidea Purple Rock-Cress Asclepias tuberosa Butterfly Weed Aurinia saxatilis Basket of Gold Asparagus officinalis Asparagus Baptisia australis False Indigo Aster sp. Aster Bruneria macrophylla Siberian Bugloss Astilbe sp. Astilbe (Brunnera) Bergenia sp. Heartleaf Bergenia Cactaceae sp. Cactus Boltonia asteroides White Boltonia Coreopsis verticillata Threadleaf Coreopsis Cerastium Snow-in-Summer Corydalis sp. Corydalis Chrysanthemum parthenium Feverfew Dicentra eximia Fringed Bleeding Heart Cimcifuga sp. Snakeroot, Bugbane Dicentra spectabilis Bleeding Heart Coreopsis lanceolata Lance Coreopsis Echinops ritro Small Globe Thistle Croscosmia sp. Crocosmia Euphorbia sp. (except Spurge Cyclamen sp. Cyclamen ‘Chameleon’) Delphinium sp. Delphinium Helleborus sp. Lenton or Christmas Rose Dianthus sp. Carnation, Pinks Hesperis matronalis Dame’s Rocket Dictamus alba Gas Plant Hyssopus officinalis Hyssop Digitalis grandiflora Yellow Foxglove Iris sp. (may eat buds) Iris Echinacea purpurea Purple Coneflower Lavandula sp. Lavendar Erythronium Trout Lily Ligularia dentata Bigleaf Goldenray Eupatorium coelestinurn Mist Flower Ligularia ‘The Rocket’ Rocket Ligularia Eupatorium rugosum White Snakeroot Limonium latifolium Statice Geranium macrorrhizum Hardy Geranium Linaria vulgaris Butter & Eggs Gypsophila sp. Baby’s Breath Lychnis coronaria Rose Campion Helenium autumnale Sneezeweed Majorana Marjoram Heuchera sp. Coralbells Marrubium vulgare Horehound Hypericum calycinum St. John’s Wort Melissa officinalis Lemon Balm Iberis sempervirens Candytuft Mentha sp. Mint Kirengeshoma palmata Yellow Wax-Bells Myosotis sp. Forget-Me-Not Kniphofia tritoma Red-Hot Poker Nepeta sp. Catmint Liatris sp. Blazing Star Oreganum sp. Oregano Lobelia sp. Cardinal Flower Paeonia sp. (may eat buds) Peony Lupinus sp. Lupine Perovskio atriplicifolia Russian Sage Lychnis chalcedonica Maltese Cross Phlomis sp. Greek Jerusalem Sage Macleaya cordata Plume Poppy Podophyllum May Apple Mertensia virginica Virginia Bluebells Potentilla sp. Potentilla, Cinquefoil Monarda didyma Beebalm Pulmonaria sp. Lungwort Papaver orientale Oriental Poppy Ranunculus sp. Buttercup Patrinia scabiosifolia Patrinia Rodgersia sp. Rodgers Flower Physostegia sp. Obedient Plant Ruta sp. Rue Polemonium caeruleum Jacob’s Ladder Salvia officinalis Garden Sage Primula sp. Primrose Santolina chamaecyparissus Lavender-Cotton Rheum rhabarbarum Rhubarb Stachys byzantina Lamb’s Ear Rudbeckia sp. Black-Eyed Susan Tanacetum vulgare Common Tansy Salvia nemorosa Meadow Sage Teucrium Chamaedrys Germander Saponaria sp. Soapwort Thalictrum sp. Meadow Rue Satureja montana Savory Thymus sp. Thyme Scabiosa caucasica Pincushin Flower Yucca filimentosa Yucca Sempervivum sp. Hens and Chickens Solidago sp. Goldenrod Seldom Severely Damaged Stokesia laevis Stokes’ Aster Achillea filipendulina Yarrow Symplocarpos foetidus Skunk Cabbage Achillea millefolium Common Yarrow Tiarella cordifolia Foam Flower Agapanthus sp. African Lily Tradescantia sp. Spiderwort Alchemilla sp. Ladys’ Mantle Tricyrtis hirta Toad Lily – 3 – Latin Name Common Name Latin Name Common Name Trillium sp. Trillium Erica sp. Heath Verbascum sp. Mullein Ilex x ‘John T. Morris’ John T. Morris Holly Veronica sp. Speedwell Ilex x ‘Lydia Morris’ Lydia Morris Holly Viola sp. Violets Juniperus horizontalis ‘Prince Prince of Wales Juniper of Wales’ Occasionally Severely Damaged Juniperus scopulorum Moonglow Juniper Alcea sp. Hollyhock ‘Moonglow’ Aruncus sp. Goat’s Beard Leucothoe fontanesiana Drooping Leucothoe Begonia grandis Hardy Begonia Mahonia aquifolium Oregon Grape Holly Bellis perennis English Daisy Mahonia bealei Leatherleaf Mahonia Campanula glomerata Bellflower Microbiota decussata Russian Cypress Centaurea montana Mountain Bluet Myrica pensylvanica Bayberry Chelone sp. Pink Turtlehead Pieris floribunda Mountain Pieris Chrysanthemum Fall Mums Pieris japonica Japanese Pieris, Andromeda Chrysanthemum superbum Shasta Daisy Potentilla fruticosa Bush Cinquefoil Erigeron sp. Fleabane Rhus aromatica Fragrant Sumac Euphorbia dulcis ‘Chameleon’ Spurge Sambucus racemosa Red Elderberry Filipendula sp. Meadowsweet Sarcoccoca hookeriana Sweet Box Gaillardia sp. Blanket Flower Skimmia japonica Japanese Skimmia Geranium clarkei Hardy Geranium Viburnum dentatum Arrowwood Viburnum Geranium sanguineum Hardy Geranium Geranium x cantabrigiense Hardy Geranium Seldom Severely Damaged Geum sp. Geum, Avens Abelia sp. Glossy Abelia Hemerocallis sp. Daylily Abies balsamea Dwarf Balsam Fir Hibiscus moscheutos Rose Mallow Andromeda polifolia Bog Rosemary Leucanthemum maximum Shasta Daisy Aronia arbutifolia Red Chokeberry Lysimachia clethroides Gooseneck Loosestrife Aucuba japonica Goldust Plant Lythrum sp. Purple Loosestrife Callicarpa sp. Beautyberry Oenethera sp. Sundrops Calycanthus floridus Common Sweetshrub Penstemon sp. Penstemon Calycanthus occidentalis California Sweetshrub Phlox sp. Phlox Chaenomeles japonica Japanese Flowering Quince Platycodon grandiflorus Balloon Flower Clerodendrum fargesii Harlequin Glorybower Polygonatum sp. Solomon’s Seal Clethra sp. Sweet Pepperbush Sedum spectabile Showy Sedum Cornus alba Red Twigged Dogwood Sidalcia malviflora Checkermallow Cornus sericea Red Osier Dogwood Symphytum officinale Comfrey Corylus sp. Hazelnut Trollius sp. Globeflower Cotinus coggygria Smokebush Cotoneaster apiculatus Cranberry Cotoneaster Frequently Severely Damaged Cotoneaster congestus Pyrenees Cotoneaster Eryngium sp. Sea-Holly Cotoneaster dammeri Bearberry Cotoneaster Fragraria sp. Strawberry Cotoneaster horizontalis Rockspray Cotoneaster Geranium endressii Hardy Geranium Cotoneaster salicifolius Willowleaf Cotoneaster Hosta sp. Hosta Deutzia sp. Deutzia Pardancanda x norrisii Candy Lily Elaeagnus umbellatus Autumn Olive Enkianthus campanulatus Redvein Enkianthus Forsythia x intermedia Forsythia SHRUBS Fothergila sp. Fothergillia Rarely Damaged Halesia carolina Carolina Silverbell Aralia spinosa Devil’s Walking Stick Hamamelis virginiana Common Witchhazel Berberis sp. Barberry Hibiscus syriacus Rose of Sharon Buddleia sp. Butterfly Bush Hippophae rhamnoides Sea Buckthorn Buxus sempervirens Common Boxwood Hypericum prolificum St. John’s Wort Calliuna sp. Heather Ilex aquifolium English Holly Caryopteris clandonensis Blue Mist Shrub Ilex cornuta Chinese Holly Cephalotaxus harringtonia Japanese Plum Yew Ilex glabra Inkberry Cytisus sp. Broom Ilex verticillata Winterberry Holly Daphne sp. Daphne Itea virginica Virginia Sweetspire Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian Olive Juniperus chinensis ‘Armstrongii’ Armstrong Juniper

– 4 – Latin Name Common Name Latin Name Common Name Juniperus chinensis cv.* Chinese Juniper Prunus x cistena Purple Leaf Sand Cherry Juniperus chinensis ‘Pfitzerana’ Pfitzer Juniper Rhododendron carolinianum Carolina Rhododendron Juniperus horizontalis cv.* Creeping Juniper Rhododendron catawbiense Catawba Rhododendron Juniperus horizontalis Youngstown Andorra Juniper Rhododendron maximum Rosebay Rhododendron ‘Youngstown’ Rhododendron sp.* Deciduous Azaleas Juniperus procumbens ‘Nana’ Japanese Garden Juniper Rosa multiflora Multiflora Rose Juniperus sabin cv. Savin/Tam Juniper Rosa rugosa Rugosa Rose Juniperus scopulorum cv.* Mountain Juniper Rosa x hybrid Hybrid Tea Rose Juniperus squamata ‘Blue Star’ Blue Star Juniper Syringa villosa Late Lilac Juniperus squamata cv.* Singleseed Juniper Syringa x chinesis Chinese Lilac Kerria japonica Japanese Kerria Syringa x persica Persian Lilac Kolkwitzia amabilis Beautybush Vaccinum corymbosum Highbush Blueberry Lagerstroemia indica Crape Myrtle Leucothoe axillaris Coast Leucothoe Frequently Severely Damaged Ligustrurn sp. Privet Euonymus fortunei Wintercreeper Lindera benzoin Spicebush Rhododendron penclymenoides Pinxterbloom Azalea Magnolia x soulangiana Saucer Magnolia Rhododendron sp.* Evergreen Azaleas Osmanthus heterophyllus Holly Osmanthus Rhododendron sp.* Rhododendrons Philadelphus coronarius Sweet Mock Orange Taxus sp. Yews Pinus mugo Mugo Pine Prunus laurocerasus Cherry Laurel Pyracantha coccinea Firethorn TREES Rhammus sp. Buckthorn Rarely Damaged Ribes sp. Currant Aesculus parviflora Bottlebrush Buckeye Rubus sp. Brambles Albizia julibrissin Mimosa Sambucus canadensis Blueberry Elder, Sweet Elder Asimina triloba Pawpaw Spiraea japonica Japanese Spirea Betula nigra River Birch Spiraea prunifolia Bridalwreath Spirea Betula papyrifera Paper Birch Spiraea x bumalda Anthony Waterer Spirea Cercidiphyllum japonicum Katsura Tree Symphoricarpos albus Snowberry Ilex opaca American Holly Symphoricarpos x chenaultii Coralberry Picea glauca ‘Conica’ Dwarf Alberta Spruce Syringa reticulata Japanese Tree Lilac Pinus resinosa Red Pine Syringa vulgaris Common Lilac Pinus rigida Pitch Pine Viburnum carlesii Koreanspice Viburnum Pinus thunbergiana Japanese Black Pine Viburnum opulus Cranberry Bush Viburnum plicatum Doublefile Viburnum Seldom Severely Damaged tomentosurn Acer griseurn Paperbark Maple Viburnum prunifolium Blackhaw Viburnum Acer palmatum Japanese Maple Viburnum rhytidophyllum Leatherleaf Viburnum Acer pensylvanicum Striped Maple Viburnum x juddii Judd Viburnum Acer rubrum Red Maple Weigela florida Weigela Acer saccharum Sugar Maple Aesculus x carnea Ruby Horsechestnut Occasionally Severely Damaged Amelanchier arborea Downy Serviceberry Cornus racemosa Panicled Dogwood Amelanchier canadensis Shadbush Cornus sanguinea Bloodtwig Dogwood Amelanchier laevis Allegheny Serviceberry Corylopsis glabrescens Fragrant Winterhazel Betula albo-sinensis Chinese Paper Birch Euonymus alata Winged Euonymus Betula jacquemontii Himalayan Birch Euonymus japonica Japanese Euonymus Betula lutea Yellow Birch Hydrangea arborescens Smooth Hydrangea Betula pendula European White Birch Hydrangea macrophylla Bigleaf Hydrangea Chaenomeles speciosa Common Flowering Quince Hydrangea paniculata Panicle Hydrangea Chamaecyparis pisifera Japanese Falsecypress Hydrangea quercifolia Oakleaf Hydrangea Chionanthus retusus Chinese Fringe Tree Ilex crenata Japanese Holly Cornus kousa Kousa Dogwood Ilex x meserveae Blue Holly Crataegus laevigata English Hawthorn Juniperus conferta Shore Juniper Cryptomeria japonica Japanese Cedar Kalmia latifolia Mountain Laurel Fagus sylvatica European Beech Nandina sp. Heavenly Bamboo Fraximus pennsylvanica Green Ash

*Check other rating categories to find additional species or cultivars of this genus.

– 5 – Latin Name Common Name Latin Name Common Name Fraxinus excelsior European Ash Malus sp. Apples Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust Prunus avium Sweet Cherry Ilex x aquipernyi Dragon Lady, San Jose Holly Pyrus calleryana Callery Pear Juniperus virginiana Eastern Red Cedar Pyrus communis Common Pear Koelreuteria paniculata Goldenrain Tree Quercus alba White Oak Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip Tree Quercus prinus Chestnut Oak Metasequoia glyptostroboides Dawn Redwood Quercus rubra Northern Red Oak Oxydendrum arboreum Sourwood Rhus typhina Staghorn Sumac Picea abies Norway Spruce Robinia pseudoacia Black Locust Picea glauca White Spruce Salix sp.* Willows Picea omorika Serbian Spruce Taxodium distichum Bald Cypress Picea pungens Colorado Blue Spruce Thuja plicata Western Arborvitae Pinus densiflora Japanese Red Pine Tilia americana Basswood Pinus nigra Austrian Pine Tilia cordata ‘Greenspire’ Greenspire Littleleaf Linden Pinus strobus Eastern White Pine Tsuga canadensis Eastern Hemlock Pinus sylvestris Scotch Pine Tsuga caroliniana Carolina Hemlock Prunus serrulata Japanese Flowering Cherry Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas Fir Frequently Severely Damaged Salix matsudana tortuosa Corkscrew Willow Prunus sp. Plums Sassafras albidurn Common Sassafras Prunus sp.* Cherries Sorbus aucuparia European Mountain Ash Occasionally Severely Damaged Thuja occidentalis American Arborvitae Abies balsamea Balsam Fir Abies concolor White Fir VINES Abies fraseri Fraser Fir Acer platanoides Norway Maple Seldom Severely Damaged Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Celastrus scandens American Bittersweet Aesculus hippocastanum Common Horsechestnut Jasminum nudiflorum Winter Jasmine Cedrus atlantica Atlas Cedar Wisteria floribunda Wisteria Cercis canadensis Eastern Redbud Chamaecyparis obtusa Hinoki Cypress Occasionally Severely Damaged Chamaecyparis thyoides Atlantic White Cedar Campsis radicans Trumpet Creeper Chionanthus virginicus White Fringe Tree Clematis sp. Clematis Cornus alternifolia Alternate-Leaved Dogwood Hedera helix English Ivy Cornus florida Flowering Dogwood Hydrangea anomala petiolaris Climbing Hydrangea Cornus mas Cornelian Cherry Lonicera x heckrottii Goldflame Honeysuckle Cupressocyparis leyandii Leyland Cypress Parthenocissus quinquifolia Virginia Creeper Ilex pernyi Pernyi Holly Ilex x ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ Nellie Stevens Holly Frequently Severely Damaged Larix decidua European Larch Euonymus fortunei Wintercreeper Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum

*Check other rating categories to find additional species or cultivars of this genus.

Special thanks to our cooperators on this project: Helen Heinrich, Certified Landscape Architect; James Messina, Certified Landscape Architect, Landscape Plus; Valerie Sudal, Garden Writer, The Newark Star-Ledger; and numerous landscapers, Master Gardeners, and nurserymen who provided ratings.

Desktop publishing by Rutgers-Cook College Resource Center Revised: April 2003

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