California Native Plant List
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Department of Planning and Zoning
Department of Planning and Zoning Subject: Howard County Landscape Manual Updates: Recommended Street Tree List (Appendix B) and Recommended Plant List (Appendix C) - Effective July 1, 2010 To: DLD Review Staff Homebuilders Committee From: Kent Sheubrooks, Acting Chief Division of Land Development Date: July 1, 2010 Purpose: The purpose of this policy memorandum is to update the Recommended Plant Lists presently contained in the Landscape Manual. The plant lists were created for the first edition of the Manual in 1993 before information was available about invasive qualities of certain recommended plants contained in those lists (Norway Maple, Bradford Pear, etc.). Additionally, diseases and pests have made some other plants undesirable (Ash, Austrian Pine, etc.). The Howard County General Plan 2000 and subsequent environmental and community planning publications such as the Route 1 and Route 40 Manuals and the Green Neighborhood Design Guidelines have promoted the desirability of using native plants in landscape plantings. Therefore, this policy seeks to update the Recommended Plant Lists by identifying invasive plant species and disease or pest ridden plants for their removal and prohibition from further planting in Howard County and to add other available native plants which have desirable characteristics for street tree or general landscape use for inclusion on the Recommended Plant Lists. Please note that a comprehensive review of the street tree and landscape tree lists were conducted for the purpose of this update, however, only -
CATALINA CALIFORNIA QUAIL (Callipepla Californica Catalinensis) Paul W
II SPECIES ACCOUNTS Andy Birch PDF of Catalina California Quail account from: Shuford, W. D., and Gardali, T., editors. 2008. California Bird Species of Special Concern: A ranked assessment of species, subspecies, and distinct populations of birds of immediate conservation concern in California. Studies of Western Birds 1. Western Field Ornithologists, Camarillo, California, and California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento. California Bird Species of Special Concern CATALINA CALIFORNIA QUAIL (Callipepla californica catalinensis) Paul W. Collins Criteria Scores Population Trend 0 Santa Range Trend 0 Barbara County Population Size 7.5 Range Size 10 Ventura Endemism 10 County Population Concentration 10 Threats 0 Los San Miguel Is. Santa Cruz Is. Angeles County Anacapa Is. Santa Rosa Is. Santa Barbara Is. Santa Catalina Is. San Nicolas Is. San Clemente Is. Current Year-round Range Historic Year-round Range County Boundaries Kilometers 20 10 0 20 Current and historic (ca. 1944) year-round range of the Catalina California Quail. Birds from Santa Catalina Island (perhaps brought by Native Americans) later introduced successfully to Santa Rosa (1935–1940) and Santa Cruz (late 1940s) islands, but unsuccessfully to San Nicolas Island (1962); quail from mainland populations of C. c. californica introduced unsuccessfully to Santa Cruz (prior to 1875) and San Clemente (late 19th century, 1913) islands. Catalina California Quail Studies of Western Birds 1:107–111, 2008 107 Studies of Western Birds No. 1 SPECIAL CONCERN PRIORITY HISTORIC RANGE AND ABUNDANCE Currently considered a Bird Species of Special IN CALIFORNIA Concern (year round), priority 3. This subspecies Grinnell and Miller (1944) described the Catalina was not included on prior special concern lists California Quail as a “common to abundant” (Remsen 1978, CDFG 1992). -
Appendix Color Plates of Solanales Species
Appendix Color Plates of Solanales Species The first half of the color plates (Plates 1–8) shows a selection of phytochemically prominent solanaceous species, the second half (Plates 9–16) a selection of convol- vulaceous counterparts. The scientific name of the species in bold (for authorities see text and tables) may be followed (in brackets) by a frequently used though invalid synonym and/or a common name if existent. The next information refers to the habitus, origin/natural distribution, and – if applicable – cultivation. If more than one photograph is shown for a certain species there will be explanations for each of them. Finally, section numbers of the phytochemical Chapters 3–8 are given, where the respective species are discussed. The individually combined occurrence of sec- ondary metabolites from different structural classes characterizes every species. However, it has to be remembered that a small number of citations does not neces- sarily indicate a poorer secondary metabolism in a respective species compared with others; this may just be due to less studies being carried out. Solanaceae Plate 1a Anthocercis littorea (yellow tailflower): erect or rarely sprawling shrub (to 3 m); W- and SW-Australia; Sects. 3.1 / 3.4 Plate 1b, c Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade): erect herbaceous perennial plant (to 1.5 m); Europe to central Asia (naturalized: N-USA; cultivated as a medicinal plant); b fruiting twig; c flowers, unripe (green) and ripe (black) berries; Sects. 3.1 / 3.3.2 / 3.4 / 3.5 / 6.5.2 / 7.5.1 / 7.7.2 / 7.7.4.3 Plate 1d Brugmansia versicolor (angel’s trumpet): shrub or small tree (to 5 m); tropical parts of Ecuador west of the Andes (cultivated as an ornamental in tropical and subtropical regions); Sect. -
Profile of a Plant: the Olive in Early Medieval Italy, 400-900 CE By
Profile of a Plant: The Olive in Early Medieval Italy, 400-900 CE by Benjamin Jon Graham A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in the University of Michigan 2014 Doctoral Committee: Professor Paolo Squatriti, Chair Associate Professor Diane Owen Hughes Professor Richard P. Tucker Professor Raymond H. Van Dam © Benjamin J. Graham, 2014 Acknowledgements Planting an olive tree is an act of faith. A cultivator must patiently protect, water, and till the soil around the plant for fifteen years before it begins to bear fruit. Though this dissertation is not nearly as useful or palatable as the olive’s pressed fruits, its slow growth to completion resembles the tree in as much as it was the patient and diligent kindness of my friends, mentors, and family that enabled me to finish the project. Mercifully it took fewer than fifteen years. My deepest thanks go to Paolo Squatriti, who provoked and inspired me to write an unconventional dissertation. I am unable to articulate the ways he has influenced my scholarship, teaching, and life. Ray Van Dam’s clarity of thought helped to shape and rein in my run-away ideas. Diane Hughes unfailingly saw the big picture—how the story of the olive connected to different strands of history. These three people in particular made graduate school a humane and deeply edifying experience. Joining them for the dissertation defense was Richard Tucker, whose capacious understanding of the history of the environment improved this work immensely. In addition to these, I would like to thank David Akin, Hussein Fancy, Tom Green, Alison Cornish, Kathleen King, Lorna Alstetter, Diana Denney, Terre Fisher, Liz Kamali, Jon Farr, Yanay Israeli, and Noah Blan, all at the University of Michigan, for their benevolence. -
Notes on Epilobium (Onagraceae) from the Western Mediterranean
NOTES ON EPILOBIUM (ONAGRACEAE) FROM THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN by GONZALO NETO FELINER* Resumen NIETO FELINER, G. (1996). Notas sobre los Epilobium (Onagraceae) del Mediterráneo occidental. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 54: 255-264 (en inglés). Aportaciones taxonómicas sobre el género Epilobium que son consecuencia de la revisión lle- vada a cabo para producir una síntesis genérica destinada a Flora iberica. En particular, se acla- ran nombres tales como E. mutabile Boiss. & Reut., E. carpetanum Willk., E. psilotum Maire & Samuelsson o E. salcedoi Vicioso, así como varios creados por Sennen (E. barcinonense, E. gredillae, E. losae, E. rigatum, E. barnadesianum, E. debile, E. costeanum) y por Merino (£. maciae, E. simulans, E. tudense y E. lucense). Asimismo, se discute en detalle el problema de E. lamyi F.W. Schultz; en especial, se aclara el uso de dicho nombre por parte de botánicos que han trabajado en España y Portugal, y se rechazan las citas peninsulares del mismo. Se explican algunos problemas taxonómicos derivados de la variabilidad morfológica que exhiben E. duriaei, E. montanum, E. lanceolatum, E. collinum, E. tetragonum subsp. tournefortii y E. obscurum. De este último, adicionalmente, se aportan algunos datos de interés corológico. Palabras clave: Spermatophyta, Epilobium, Onagraceae, taxonomía, corología, Mediterráneo occidental. Abstract NIETO FELINER, G. (1996). Notes on Epilobium (Onagraceae) from the western Mediterranean. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 54: 255-264. The present taxonomic notes are part of the results of a revisión of Epilobium carried out for the "Flora iberica" project. The identity of diverse ñames is clarified, including E. mutabile Boiss. & Reut., E. carpetanum Willk., E. psilotum Maire & Samuelsson, E. -
Carissa Spinarum (C
Carissa spinarum (C. edulis) Apocynaceae Indigenous Ag: Aguami Am: Agam Gmz: Soha Or: Agamsa, Hagamsa Sh: Awawa Sm: Orgabat Ecology sowing at site. Wildings often grow under Widespread in Africa from Senegal to parent bushes and may also be used. Somalia and south to Botswana and Seed Mozambique. Also in Asia from Yemen Fresh seed germinate well; 28,000–30,000 to India. Grows in woodlands and forests seeds per kg. where Euphorbia, Acacia, and Croton commonly occur in Dry and Moist Weyna Treatment: Not necessary. Dega and Dega agroclimatic zones in all Storage: Seed loses viability fairly quickly. regions, 500–2600 m. Use fresh seed for best result. Uses Management Firewood, food (fruit), medicine (roots), Fairly slow growing. Trim if grown as ornamental and soil conservation. a fence. Improve more fleshy and juicy quality by selection. Description A spiny shrub or small tree to 5 m or Remarks sometimes a liana up to 10 m long. BARK: An important food and medicinal plant in Grey, smooth with straight woody spines Ethiopia. Both the unripe and ripe fruits are to 5 cm, often in pairs, rarely branching. eaten whole. Much liked by both children Milky latex. LEAVES: Opposite, leathery, and adults. It can be grown from seed to shiny dark green to 5 cm, tip pointed, base develop into an attractive and impenetrable rounded, stalk very short. FLOWERS: hedge. It makes excellent firewood. Fragrant, in pink‑white terminal clusters, each flower to 2 cm, lobes overlap to the right. FRUIT: Rounded berries about 1 cm, purple‑black when ripe, sweet and edible, 2–4 seeds. -
Body Temperatures in California and Gambel's Quail
150 Baa•oz,o•awand DawsoN, California and Gambel's Quail [1VoL Auk 75 BODY TEMPERATURES IN CALIFORNIA AND GAMBEL'S QUAIL BY GEORGE A. BARTHOLOMEW AND WILLIAM R. DAWSON Tm• paucity of data on the body temperaturesof small gallinaceous birds prompts us to report miscellaneousobservations which we have made over the past severalyears on the body temperaturesof the Cali- fornia Quail, Lophortyxcalifornicus, a commonresident in grasslandand chaparral from southernOregon to southern Baja Cal/fornia, and the Gambel's Quail, L. œambelii,a residentin the desert regionsof south- western United States and northwestern Mexico. The habitats of both speciesare characterizedby high summer temperaturesand moderate winter conditions. We have therefore paid particular attention to capacity for temperature regulation in hot environments. We found that when ambient (environmental)temperature rose, the birds' body temperaturecould rise by as much as 4ø C. (7.2ø F.), without ill effects. Ability to maintain above normal body temperatures higher than ambient temperaturesfacilitates transfer of excessbody heat to the environment. It is probablya major avian adaptationto hot conditions. The data presentedwere acquiredincidental to work on other species and for that reasonare not comprehensive,but they serveto characterize aspectsof temperatureregulation in quail. MATERIALS AND METHODS The observationswere made on 8 adult and 2 juvenile California Quailcaptured on the LosAngeles campus of the Universityof California, and on 5 adult and 2 juvenile Gambers Quail capturedin the Colorado Desert, three miles south of Calipatria, Imperial County, California. The captive animals of both specieswere housedin cagesof half-inch wire mesh wh/ch measured 12 x 12 x 24 inches and had sand-covered floors. -
Elaeagnus (Elaeagnaceae)
Eleagnus Elaeagnus (Elaeagnaceae) angustifolia, Russian Olive Origin: Southern Europe, Central Asia, China. Large shrub or small deciduous tree, thorny with spreading branches, covered in silvery scales. Lanceolate leaves, up to 8cm long, 2- 3cm wide, grey-green on the upper side, silver underneath. Small, yellowish-white flowers in summer, followed by silvery-yellow fruit which look like small olives, in autumn. Grows well in all types of soil, even dry and sandy soil. Resistant to drought, saltiness and pollution. Useful for green screens and seaside boulevards. x ebbingei Origin: hybrid between Elaeagnus macrophylla and Elaeagnus pungens. Evergreen shrub with upright, compact habit. The branches are slightly thorny, over time they get very long and become weeping at the ends. Alternate, oval, slightly undulate leaves, 5-10cm long and 3-6cm wide, glossy dark green on the upper side, silvery with brown spots on the underside. White, hanging flowers like small tubes 1cm long in groups of 3-6. They open from September to November on the axils of the leaves. Reddish fruits, edible, that look like small olives. Grows in almost all types of soil, even sandy, calcareous on the surface or very moist in winter. Tolerates maritime exposure. Withstands pruning and is used for obtaining beautiful evergreen hedges in a short time. When formed into a tree it can be included in the range of trees used for making evergreen avenues near the sea. Vivai MGF – Nursery – Pépinières – Viveros - Baumschulen Eleagnus x ebbingei “Eleador”® Origin: France. Selection of Elaeagnus x ebbingei “Limelight”, from which it differs in the following ways: • in the first years it grows more in width and less in height; • the leaves are larger (7-12cm long, 4-6cm wide), and the central golden yellow mark is wider and reaches the margins; • it does not produce branches with all green leaves, but only an occasional branch which bears both variegated leaves and green leaves. -
Assessment of Pellets from Three Forest Species: from Raw Material to End Use
Article Assessment of Pellets from Three Forest Species: From Raw Material to End Use Miguel Alfonso Quiñones-Reveles 1,Víctor Manuel Ruiz-García 2,* , Sarai Ramos-Vargas 2 , Benedicto Vargas-Larreta 1 , Omar Masera-Cerutti 2 , Maginot Ngangyo-Heya 3 and Artemio Carrillo-Parra 4,* 1 Sustainable Forest Development Master of Science Program, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de El Salto, El Salto, Pueblo Nuevo 34942, Mexico; [email protected] (M.A.Q.-R.); [email protected] (B.V.-L.) 2 Bioenergy Laboratory and Bioenergy Innovation and Assessment Laboratory (LINEB), Ecosystems Research Institute and Sustainability (IIES), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Morelia 58190, Mexico; [email protected] (S.R.-V.); [email protected] (O.M.-C.) 3 Faculty of Agronomy (FA), Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL), Francisco Villa s/n, Col. Ex-Hacienda “El Canadá”, Escobedo 66050, Mexico; [email protected] 4 Institute of Silviculture and Wood Industry (ISIMA), Juarez University of the State of Durango (UJED), Boulevard del Guadiana 501, Ciudad Universitaria, Torre de Investigación, Durango 34120, Mexico * Correspondence: [email protected] (V.M.R.-G.); [email protected] (A.C.-P.) Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the relationship between chemical properties, energy efficiency, and emissions of wood and pellets from madroño Arbutus xalapensis Kunth, tázcate Juniperus deppeana Steud, and encino colorado Quercus sideroxyla Humb. & Bonpl. in two gasifiers (top-lit-up-draft (T-LUD) and electricity -
Phylogenetic Relationships in Korean Elaeagnus L. Based on Nrdna ITS Sequences
Korean J. Plant Res. 27(6):671-679(2014) Print ISSN 1226-3591 http://dx.doi.org/10.7732/kjpr.2014.27.6.671 Online ISSN 2287-8203 Original Research Article Phylogenetic Relationships in Korean Elaeagnus L. Based on nrDNA ITS Sequences OGyeong Son1, Chang Young Yoon2 and SeonJoo Park1* 1Department of Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea 2Department of Biotechnology, Shingyeong University, Hwaseon 445-741, Korea Abstract - Molecular phylogenetic analyses of Korean Elaeagnus L. were conducted using seven species, one variety, one forma and four outgroups to evaluate their relationships and phylogeny. The sequences of internal transcribed spacer regions in nuclear ribosomal DNA were employed to construct phylogenetic relationships using maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian analysis. Molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that Korean Elaeagnus was a polyphyly. E. umbellata var. coreana formed a subclade with E. umbellata. Additionally, the genetic difference between E. submacrophylla and E. macrophylla was very low. Moreover, E. submacrophylla formed a branch from E. macrophylla, indicating that E. submacrophylla can be regarded as a variety. However, several populations of this species were not clustered as a single clade; therefore, further study should be conducted using other molecular markers. Although E. glabra f. oxyphylla was distinct in morphological characters of leaf shape with E. glabra. But E. glabra f. oxyphylla was formed one clade by molecular phylogenetic with E. glabra. Additionally, this study clearly demonstrated that E. pungens occurs in Korea, although it was previously reported near South Korea in Japan and China. According to the results of ITS regions analyses, it showed a resolution and to verify the relationship between interspecies of Korean Elaeagnus. -
The Genus Carissa: an Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review
Nat. Prod. Bioprospect. DOI 10.1007/s13659-017-0123-0 REVIEW The Genus Carissa: An Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review Joseph Sakah Kaunda . Ying-Jun Zhang Received: 9 December 2016 / Accepted: 13 February 2017 Ó The Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Carissa L. is a genus of the family Apocynaceae, with about 36 species as evergreen shrubs or small trees native to tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia and Oceania. Most of Carissa plants have been employed and utilized in traditional medicine for various ailments, such as headache, chest complains, rheumatism, oedema, gonorrhoea, syphilis, rabies. So far, only nine Carissa species have been phytochemically studied, which led to the identification of 123 compounds including terpenes, flavonoids, lignans, sterols, simple phenolic compounds, fatty acids and esters, and so on. Pharmacological studies on Carissa species have also indicated various bioactive potentials. This review covers the peer- reviewed articles between 1954 and 2016, retrieved from Pubmed, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Wikipedia and Baidu, using ‘‘Carissa’’ as search term (‘‘all fields’’) and with no specific time frame set for search. Fifteen important medicinal or ornamental Carissa species were selected and summarized on their botanical characteristics, geographical distribution, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities. Keywords Carissa Á Apocynaceae Á Ethnomedicine Á Phytochemistry Á Triterpenes Á Nortrachelogenin Á Pharmacology Abbreviations MIC Minimum inhibitory concentration IC50 Minimum inhibition concentration for inhibiting GABA Neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid 50% of the pathogen DPPH 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl CC50 Cytotoxic concentration of the extracts to cause MTT 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl death to 50% of host’s viable cells tetrazolium bromide EC50 Half maximal effective concentration J. -
Cercidiphyllum Japonicum - Katsuratree (Cercidiphyllaceae) ------Cercidiphyllum Japonicum Is a Graceful, Elegant, Flowers Though Variable Species of Shade Trees
Cercidiphyllum japonicum - Katsuratree (Cercidiphyllaceae) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cercidiphyllum japonicum is a graceful, elegant, Flowers though variable species of shade trees. Katsuratree is -dioecious (male and female trees) characterized by blue-green foliage and, in the best of -not ornamental specimens, a yellow to scarlet color in autumn. -Mar.-Apr. -flowers on older wood FEATURES Fruits Form -pod, 0.5-0.75" long -medium-sized tree, up to 40- -not ornamental 60' tall x 35-60' wide, but Twigs generally not much taller than -reddish brown and slender 40' -swollen at the nodes -narrow when young, -buds are red and resemble a crab's pincer claws spreading with age Trunk -branches droop as the tree -showy grows -grayish brown -female trees spreading, -slightly shaggy males more upright -symmetrical form either oval or pyramidal USAGE -medium to fast rate of growth Function -long-lived -may be a street tree in suburban areas, not -often multi-stemmed, but can be easily trained into a particularly tolerant of dry soils in more urban sites single trunk form -small lawn tree or near large buildings Culture -shade tree -full sun to partial shade; probably performs best in Texture light shade -medium texture overall in foliage and when bare -tolerant of a broad range of soil conditions but does -moderate to high density best in moist soils Assets -does poorly in dry areas -graceful form -has a reputation for being difficult to transplant and -bluish foliage slow