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Appendix Color Plates of Solanales Species

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Appendix Color Plates of Solanales Species Appendix Color Plates of Solanales Species The first half of the color plates (Plates 1–8) shows a selection of phytochemically prominent solanaceous species, the second half (Plates 9–16) a selection of convol- vulaceous counterparts. The scientific name of the species in bold (for authorities see text and tables) may be followed (in brackets) by a frequently used though invalid synonym and/or a common name if existent. The next information refers to the habitus, origin/natural distribution, and – if applicable – cultivation. If more than one photograph is shown for a certain species there will be explanations for each of them. Finally, section numbers of the phytochemical Chapters 3–8 are given, where the respective species are discussed. The individually combined occurrence of sec- ondary metabolites from different structural classes characterizes every species. However, it has to be remembered that a small number of citations does not neces- sarily indicate a poorer secondary metabolism in a respective species compared with others; this may just be due to less studies being carried out. Solanaceae Plate 1a Anthocercis littorea (yellow tailflower): erect or rarely sprawling shrub (to 3 m); W- and SW-Australia; Sects. 3.1 / 3.4 Plate 1b, c Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade): erect herbaceous perennial plant (to 1.5 m); Europe to central Asia (naturalized: N-USA; cultivated as a medicinal plant); b fruiting twig; c flowers, unripe (green) and ripe (black) berries; Sects. 3.1 / 3.3.2 / 3.4 / 3.5 / 6.5.2 / 7.5.1 / 7.7.2 / 7.7.4.3 Plate 1d Brugmansia versicolor (angel’s trumpet): shrub or small tree (to 5 m); tropical parts of Ecuador west of the Andes (cultivated as an ornamental in tropical and subtropical regions); Sect. 3.4 Plate 2a Brunfelsia pauciflora (yesterday-today-tomorrow): shrub (to 2.4 m); Brazil (cultivated as an ornamental in tropical and subtropical regions); Sects. 3.1 / 6.6.2 / 6.7.3.2 583 584 Appendix Plate 2b Capsicum annuum var. frutescens (chili, Cayenne pepper): suffrutex (to 1.5 m); Neotropics, only known as a cultivated plant related to the wild species C. chacoënse and C. annuum var. glabriusculum (cultivated pantropically for the com- mercial production of pungent fruits); Sects. 3.3.2.2 / 3.4 / 3.5 / 6.3.4.1 / 6.4 / 6.6.3 / 6.7.1 / 7.2.1.1 / 7.3.1.1 / 7.3.1.2 / 7.4.1.2 / 7.5.1 / 7.6.1 / 7.7.1.3 / 7.7.2 / 7.7.4.2 / 7.7.4.3 / 7.8.2.2 / 7.12.1 / 8.1.1.1 Plate 2c Cestrum diurnum (day blooming Cestrum, day jessamine): shrub; tropical S-America (cultivated as an ornamental in tropical and subtropical regions); Sects. 3.3 / 6.7.1.1 / 7.7.2 / 7.8.2.2 / 7.9.3 / 7.9.3.1 Plate 2d Cestrum elegans: shrub; Mexico (cultivated as an ornamental in tropical and subtropical regions); Sects. 6.6.3.1 / 6.7.1.1 / 7.7.2 / 7.8.2.2 (Table 7.7) Plate 2e Cestrum parqui (willow-leafed jessamine, green poisonberry): shrub (to 3 m); S-America (cultivated as an ornamental in subtropical regions, sometimes naturalized); Sects. 6.3.1.1 / 6.3.2.2 / 6.3.3.1 / 6.6.4.1 / 6.7.1.1 / 6.8.1.1 / 7.4.1.1 / 7.5.1 / 7.7 / 7.7.1.1 / 7.7.2 / 7.8.2.2 (Table 7.7) / 7.12.1.2 Plate 3a Datura stramonium (common thornapple, jimson weed): erect annual herb (to 1.2 m); temperate to tropical regions worldwide (cultivated as a medicinal plant); Sects. 3.1 / 3.3 / 3.4 / 3.5 / 4.1.1 / 6.6.2 / 6.6.3.1 / 7.2.1.1 / 7.3.1.2 / 7.5.1 / 7.10.3 (Table 7.9) Plate 3b–d Duboisia myoporoides × D. leichhardtii: cultivated as bushes in Queensland, Australia; {[D. myoporoides (poisonous corkwood, yellow basswood): tree (to 15 m); Queensland]; [D. leichhardtii (common names like D. myoporoides): small tree (to 3 m); Queensland]}: b inflorescence; c single bush; d plantation near Murgon/Queensland; Sects. 3.1 / 3.3 / 3.4 / 3.5 / 5.1.4 / 7.5.1 Plate 4a Hyoscyamus albus (white henbane): erect annual or biennial herb (to 0.8 m); S-Europe to Near East; Sects. 3.1 / 3.4 / 3.5 / 6.6.1.1 / 6.6.3.1 / 6.7.1.1 / 7.3.1.2 / 8.1.1.1 Plate 4b Hyoscyamus niger (black henbane): erect annual or biennial herb (to 0.8 m); Europe, N-Africa, N-Asia, N-India; Sects. 3.1 / 3.4 / 3.5 / 6.6.3.1 / 6.7.1.1 / 6.8.1.2 / 7.10.3 / 8.1.1.1 Plate 4c Iochroma gesnerioides (syn.: I. coccineum, I. fuchsioides): shrub (to 4 m); Columbia, Ecuador; Sects. 6.7.1.1 / 7.10.3 (Table 7.9) Plate 4d Nicandra physalodes (apple of Peru): erect annual herb (to 2 m); Peru to N-Argentina (cultivated as an ornamental in tropical and subtropical regions; often naturalized); Sects. 3.1 / 3.4 / 3.5 / 6.7.1.1 / 7.8.2.2 / 7.9.5.1 / 7.10.2.2 / 7.10.3.1 Plate 4e Nicotiana glauca (tree tobacco): shrub/small tree (to 6 m); S-America, introduced to many subtropical regions, semideserts, dry open countries; Sects. 3.3 / 7.4.1.4 / 7.9.3.1 Appendix 585 Plate 5a Nicotiana langsdorffii (green flowering tobacco): erect annual herb; Brazil, Chile; Sects. 3.3 / 6.3.3.1 / 7.2.1.1 / 7.4.1.4 Plate 5b Nicotiana sylvestris: perennial; one parent of N. tabacum; Bolivia; Sects. 3.3 / 6.3.3.1 / 7.2.1.1 / 7.3.1.2 / 7.4.1.2 / 7.4.1.4 Plate 5c Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco): erect annual herb (to 3 m); only known as a cultivated plant, assumed to be a hybrid of the wild S-American species N. syl- vestris and N. tomentosiformis (N. tabacum: cultivated almost worldwide for the production of tobaccos); Sects. 3.3 / 3.5 / 5.1.3 / 6.3.3.1 / 6.5.1 / 6.6.2 / 6.6.3.1 / 6.6.3.2 / 6.6.4 / 6.6.4.1 / 6.6.4.3 / 6.7.1.1 / 6.7.3.1 / 7 / 7.3.1.1 / 7.3.1.2 / 7.4.1.1 / 7.4.1.4 / 7.5.1 / 7.6.1 / 7.7.2 / 7.12.1.2 / 8.1.1.1 Plate 5d Petunia × hybrida (petunia): small perennial herb, obtained as a hybrid of the wild S-American species P. axillaris and P. integrifolia (P. × hybrida: cultivated almost worldwide as an ornamental); Sects. 3.5 / 6.3.3 / 6.3.3.1 / 6.5.1 / 6.6.2 / 6.6.3.1 / 6.6.4 / 6.6.4.3 / 6.7 / 6.7.1.1 / 6.7.3.1 / 7.3.1.1 / 7.4.1.1 / 7.7.2 / 7.11 / 8.1.2.1 Plate 6a Salpiglossis sinuata (velvet flower, painted tongue, palito amargo): peren- nial herb (to 1.2 m); Chile (cultivated as an ornamental in temperate regions of the world); Sects. 3.3 / 6.7.1.1 Plate 6b Schizanthus pinnatus (butterfly flower, mariposita): annual herb (to 0.5 m); Chile (cultivated as an ornamental); Sects. 3.1 / 3.4 / 7.6.1 Plate 6c Solandra maxima (goldcup vine, chalice vine): large woody climber (to 30 m) of the tropical rainforest; Neotropics (cultivated as an ornamental in tropical and subtropical regions); Sects. 3.1 / 3.4 Plate 6d Solanum betaceum (syn.: Cyphomandra betacea; tree tomato, tamarillo): tree; Neotropics (cultivated in subtropical regions of the world for edible fruits); Sects. 3.1 / 3.3 / 3.4 / 3.5 / 5.1.4 / 7.8.2.1 / 7.12.1.1 Plate 7a Solanum laciniatum (kangaroo apple): shrub (to 4 m); S-Australia; Sects. 3.1 (Table 3.1) / 7.8.2.1 / 7.8.3 / 7.8.4.4 (Table 7.8) Plate 7b Solanum laxum (syn.: Solanum jasminoides; potato vine, jasmine night- shade): semi-evergreen climber; Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay (cultivated as an ornamental in tropical and subtropical regions, sometimes naturalized); Sects. 7.7 (Tables 7.1, 7.2) / 7.7.4.3 / 7.8.2.1 Plate 7c Solanum pseudocapsicum (Jerusalem cherry): shrub (to 1.2 m); S- America (cultivated worldwide as an ornamental due to its red/orange-coloured fruits); Sects. 7.8.1.2 / 7.8.1.5 / 7.8.2 (Table 7.3) / 7.8.4.2 Plate 7d Solanum sisymbrifolium (viscid nightshade): erect annual herb (to 1.5 m); S-America; Sects. 3.1 (Table 3.1) / 6.8.1.1 / 7.7 (Tables 7.1, 7.2) / 7.10 (Tables 7.9, 7.10) 586 Appendix Plate 7e Solanum tuberosum (potato): herbaceous annual, only known as a culti- vated plant; Bolivian/Peruvian Andes (ssp. andigenum), Chile (ssp. tuberosum), for details see Sect. 7.8.2.1; cultivated worldwide (agricultural production of tubers); Sects. 3.3 / 3.4 / 3.5 / 5.1.6 / 5.1.7 / 6.3.3.1 / 6.5.1 / 6.6.1.1 / 6.6.3.1 / 6.6.4.3 / 6.7.1.1 / 6.7.3.1 / 6.8.1.1 / 7.3.1.1 / 7.3.1.2 / 7.6.1 / 7.7.1.1 / 7.7.2 / 7.8 / 7.8.1 / 7.8.1.1 / 7.8.1.2 / 7.8.1.9 / 7.8.1.10 / 7.8.2.1 / 7.8.4.1 / 7.8.4.2 / 7.8.4.3 / 7.9.3.1 / 7.12.1.2 / 8.1.1.1 Plate 8a, b Solanum wrightii (potato tree); forest tree (to 20 m); Bolivia (cultivated pantropically for ornament): a tree; b inflorescence; Sects.
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