Helmut Altrichter Unter Mitarbeit Von Elisabeth Müller-Luckner

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Helmut Altrichter Unter Mitarbeit Von Elisabeth Müller-Luckner Schriften des Historischen Kollegs Kolloquien 61 GegenErinnerung Geschichte als politisches Argument im Transformationsprozeß Ost-, Ostmittel- und Südosteuropas R. Oldenbourg Verlag München 2006 GegenErinnerung Geschichte als politisches Argument im Transformationsprozeß Ost-, Ostmittel- und Südosteuropas Herausgegeben von Helmut Altrichter unter Mitarbeit von Elisabeth Müller-Luckner R. Oldenbourg Verlag München 2006 Schriften des Historischen Kollegs herausgegeben von Lothar Gail in Verbindung mit Etienne Francois, Johannes Fried, Klaus Flildebrand, Manfred Hildcrmeier, Claudia Märtl, Jochen Martin, Heinrich Nöth, Luise Schorn-Schütte, Ulrich Wilhelm und Dietmar Willoweit Geschäftsführung: Georg Kalmer Redaktion: Elisabeth Müller-Luckner Das Historische Kolleg fördert im Bereich der historisch orientierten Wissenschaften Ge­ lehrte, die sich durch herausragende Leistungen in Forschung und Lehre ausgewiesen haben. Es vergibt zu diesem Zweck jährlich bis zu drei Forschungsstipendien und ein Förderstipen­ dium sowie alle drei Jahre den „Preis des Historischen Kollegs“. Die Forschungsstipendien, deren Verleihung zugleich eine Auszeichnung für die bisherigen Leistungen darstellt, sollen den berufenen Wissenschaftlern während eines Kollegjahres die Möglichkeit bieten, frei von anderen Verpflichtungen eine größere Arbeit abzuschließen. Professor Dr. Helmut Altrichter (Erlangen) war - zusammen mit Professor Dr. Marie-Luise Recker (Frankfurt a. M.), PD Dr. Andreas Rödder (Stuttgart) und Prof. Dr. Jürgen Trabant (Berlin) - Stipendiat des Historischen Kollegs im Kollegjahr 2001/2002. Den Obliegenheiten der Stipendiaten gemäß hat Helmut Altrichter aus seinem Arbeitsbereich ein Kolloquium zum Thema „Geschichte im Transformationsprozeß Ost-, Ostmittel- und Südosteuropas“ vom 5. bis 8. Juni 2002 im Flistorischen Kolleg gehalten. Die Ergebnisse des Kolloquiums werden in diesem Band veröffentlicht. Das Historische Kolleg wird seit dem Kollegjahr 2000/2001 - im Sinne einer „public private partnership“ - in seiner Grundausstattung vom Freistaat Bayern finanziert, seine Stipendien werden gegenwärtig aus Mitteln des DaimlerChrysler-Fonds, der Fritz Thyssen Stiftung, des Stifterverbandes für die Deutsche Wissenschaft und eines ihm verbundenen Förderunterneh­ mens dotiert. Träger des Flistorischen Kollegs, das vom Stiftungsfonds Deutsche Bank und vom Stifterverband errichtet und zunächst allein finanziert wurde, ist nunmehr die „Stiftung zur Förderung der Historischen Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissen­ schaften und des Flistorischen Kollegs“. Bibliographische Information der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Daten sind im Internet über <http://dnb.ddb.de> abrufbar. © 2006 Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag GmbFI, München Rosenheimer Straße 145, D-81671 München Internet: http://www.oldenbourg.de Das Werk einschließlich aller Abbildungen ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages unzu­ lässig und strafbar. Dies gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikrover­ filmungen und die Einspeicherung und Bearbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Gedruckt auf säurefreiem, alterungsbeständigern Papier (chlorfrei gebleicht) Gesamtherstellung: R. Oldenbourg Graphische Betriebe Druckerei GmbFI, München ISBN-13: 978-3-486-57873-7 ISBN-10: 3-486-57873-1 Inhalt Helmut Altrichter Einführung.......................................................................................................................... VII Verzeichnis der Tagungsteilnehmer................................... ....................................... XXII Joachim Hosier Perestroika und Historie. Zur Erosion des sowjetischen Geschichtsbildes 1 Karsten Brüggemann „Wir brauchen viele Geschichten“. Estland und seine Geschichte auf dem Weg nach E uropa?............................................................................................................ 27 Ulrike von Hirschhausen Denkmal im multiethnischen Raum. Zum Umgang mit der Vergangenheit in der Gegenwart Lettlands ......................................................................................... 51 Alvydas Nikzentaitis Gestürzte und neu errichtete Denkmäler: Geschichte im Transformations­ prozeß L itauens................................................................................................................ 67 Rainer Lindner Geschichtswissenschaft und Geschichtspolitik in Weißrußland. Erinnerungskonkurrenzen in spät- und postsowjetischer Zeit ..................... 79 Wilfried Jilge Nationale Geschichtspolitik während der Zeit der Perestroika in der U kraine................................................................................................................................. 99 Claudia Kraft Geschichte im langen Transformationsprozeß in Polen ................................... 129 Hans Lemberg Die Rolle von Geschichte und von Historikern im Zusammenhang mit der „Samtenen Revolution“ in der Tschechoslowakei............................................... 151 Attila Pök Geschichte im Transformationsprozeß U n garn s................................................. 173 VI Inhalt Iskra Iveljic Cum ira et studio. Geschichte und Gesellschaft Kroatiens in den 1990er Ja h re n .................................................................................................................................... 191 Carl Bethke, Holm Sundhaussen Zurück zur alten „Übersichtlichkeit“? Geschichte in den jugoslawischen Nachfolgekriegen 1991-2000 ....................................................................................... 205 Markus Wien Die bulgarische Monarchie: Politisch motivierte Revision eines Geschichtsbildes in der Transformationsgesellschaft.......................................... 219 Bogdan Murgescu Geschichte im Transformationsprozeß: Rumänien. Politische und institutionelle Rahmenbedingungen nach der W ende........................................ 237 Vasile D umbrava Warum Geschichte immer wieder neu betrachtet werden muß. Die Republik Moldova und der Umgang mit der Vergangenheit .......................... 261 Stefan Troebst „Wir sind Transnistrier!“. Geschichtspolitik im Ostteil Moldovas .............. 277 Rainer Eckert Die historische Erforschung der SED-Diktatur .................................................. 303 R egister.................................................................................................................................. 319 Helmut Altrichter Einführung I. Moskau im Herbst 1989. Das Land hatte stürmische Monate hinter sich. Im Früh­ jahr war ein „Kongreß der Volksdeputierten der UdSSR“ mit 2250 Abgeordneten zusammengetreten, der die „wichtigsten konstitutionellen, politischen und sozial­ ökonomischen Fragen“ des Landes entscheiden, einen Staatspräsidenten wählen und aus seiner Mitte einen wesentlich kleineren neuen „Obersten Sowjet“ bestel­ len sollte, dessen zwei Kammern dann übers Jahr hinweg die „Gesetzgebung und Kontrolle“ zu übernehmen hatten. Neu waren nicht nur die Institutionen, neu waren ebenso die Modalitäten ihrer Bestellung. Von den Abgeordneten des Volks- deputiertenkongresses waren 750 von gesellschaftlichen Organisationen delegiert, 1500 von der Bevölkerung direkt gewählt worden, je zur Hälfte in administrativ­ territorialen und in nationalen Wahlkreisen, wobei in den Wahlkreisen erstmals deutlich mehr Kandidaten aufgestellt werden sollten, als Sitze zu vergeben waren. Ein solches - landesweites und ergebnisoffenes - Referendum hatte es seit der Re­ volution nicht mehr gegeben1. Die Wahlen brachten für die politische Mobilisierung der Gesamtgesellschaft einen gewaltigen Schub. Zur Aufstellung der Kandidaten hatten schon seit Jahres­ beginn in den Städten und Gemeinden, in den Unternehmen und Behörden Ver­ sammlungen stattgefunden, worüber die Medien ausführlich berichteten. Um „ihren“ Kandidaten zu unterstützen, organisierten sich besonders Engagierte in „informellen Gruppen“, „Klubs“ und „Gesellschaften“; deren Zahl wurde übers Jahr hinweg auf mehrere Zehntausend geschätzt. Selbst bei den 750 Abgeordne­ ten, die nach festem Schlüssel von gesellschaftlichen Organisationen (der Partei, dem Gewerkschaftsbund, der Vereinigung der Kolchosbauern, der kommunisti­ schen Jugendorganisation, der Akademie der Wissenschaften usf.) delegiert wur­ den, gingen der Auswahl mitunter heftige interne Auseinandersetzungen voraus, die die Öffentlichkeit nicht weniger bewegten als die Kandidatenaufstellung in den Wahlkreisen. 1 Hierzu wie zum folgenden Helmut Altrichter, Der Zusammenbruch der Sowjetunion 1985-1991, in: Handbuch der Geschichte Rußlands, Bd. 5, hrsg. von Stefan Plaggenborg (Stuttgart 2002) 519 ff., hier 537 ff. VIII Helmut Altrichter Ende März 1989 begannen dann die Abstimmungen. Erstmals mußten sich lokale und regionale Parteifunktionäre einer Konkurrenz stellen; drei Dutzend Prominente wurden schon im ersten Wahlgang spektakulär abgewählt. Ihre Nie­ derlage empfanden sie um so bitterer, als die Gegenkandidaten vordem oft kaum bekannt gewesen waren. Erreichte kein Kandidat die erforderliche absolute Mehr­ heit der Stimmen, mußte ein zweiter Wahlgang angesetzt werden. Auch wenn die amtliche Wahlkommission (wie in 384 Wahlkreisen) nur einen Kandidaten zuge­ lassen hatte, war er damit noch nicht gewählt; stimmten zu viele mit nein (was vorkam), verfehlte er das Quorum. Das Ergebnis war ein Volksdeputiertenkon- greß, der zwar noch immer
Recommended publications
  • Rainian Uarter
    e rainian uarter A JOURNAL OF UKRAINIAN AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Volume LXIV, Numbers 1-2 Spring-Summer 2008 This issue is a commemorative publication on the 75th anniversary of the Stalin-induced famine in Ukraine in the years 1932-1933, known in Ukrainian as the Holodomor. The articles in this issue explore and analyze this tragedy from the perspective of several disciplines: history, historiography, sociology, psychology and literature. In memory ofthe "niwrtlered millions ana ... the graves unknown." diasporiana.org.u a The Ukrainian uarter'7 A JOURNAL OF UKRAINIAN AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Since 1944 Spring-Summer 2008 Volume LXIV, No. 1-2 $25.00 BELARUS RUSSIA POLAND ROMANIA Territory of Ukraine: 850000 km2 Population: 48 millions [ Editor: Leonid Rudnytzky Deputy Editor: Sophia Martynec Associate Editor: Bernhardt G. Blumenthal Assistant Editor for Ukraine: Bohdan Oleksyuk Book Review Editor: Nicholas G. Rudnytzky Chronicle ofEvents Editor: Michael Sawkiw, Jr., UNIS Technical Editor: Marie Duplak Chief Administrative Assistant: Tamara Gallo Olexy Administrative Assistant: Liza Szonyi EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD: Anders Aslund Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Yaroslav Bilinsky University of Delaware, Newark, DE Viacheslav Brioukhovetsky National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Ukraine Jean-Pierre Cap Professor Emeritus, Lafayette College, Easton, PA Peter Golden Rutgers University, Newark, NJ Mark von Hagen Columbia University, NY Ivan Z. Holowinsky Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ Taras Hunczak Rutgers University, Newark, NJ Wsewolod Jsajiw University of Toronto, Canada Anatol F. Karas I. Franko State University of Lviv, Ukraine Stefan Kozak Warsaw University, Poland Taras Kuzio George Washington University, Washington, DC Askold Lozynskyj Ukrainian World Congress, Toronto Andrej N. Lushnycky University of Fribourg, Switzerland John S.
    [Show full text]
  • Download File
    REVIEW The Holodomor of 1932-33 Papers from the 75th-Anniversary Conference on the Ukrainian Famine-Genocide HARRIMAN University of Toronto, November 1, 2007 THE November 2008 HARRIMAN REVIEW Volume 16, Number 2 November 2008 The Holodomor of 1932-33 Papers from the 75th-Anniversary Conference on the Ukrainian Famine-Genocide Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies (University of Alberta) Petro Jacyk Program for the Study of Ukraine (Centre for European, Russian, and Eurasian Studies, University of Toronto) Ukrainian Canadian Research and Documentation Centre, Toronto University of Toronto, November 1, 2007 Andrij Makuch, Guest Editor Frank E. Sysyn Preface 1 Mykola Riabchuk Holodomor: The Politics of Memory and Political Infi ghting in Contemporary Ukraine 3 Liudmyla Grynevych The Present State of Ukrainian Historiography on the Holodomor and Prospects for Its Development 10 Hennadii Boriak Holodomor Archives and Sources: The State of the Art 21 Iryna Matiash Archives in Russia on the Famine in Ukraine 36 Cover: “Earth” (Zemlia) by Bohdan Pevny, reproduced by permission of the Patriarch Mstyslav I Ukrainian Museum of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the USA. The Harriman Review is published quarterly by the Harriman Institute, Columbia University. Copyright © 2008 by the Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York. All rights reserved. Harriman Institute 420 West 118th Street, MC 3345, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027 Preface hen, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, the diaspora has played a significant role in this process, the Ukrainian government has played an ever greater role by Ukrainian diaspora communities in the West sponsoring official commemorations of the Holodomor initiated plans to commemorate the fiftieth and raising the issue of its recognition as a genocide by anniversary of the Great Ukrainian Famine of 1932-33, W foreign governments and international organizations.
    [Show full text]
  • Estonia “Has No Time”: Existential Politics at the End of Empire
    Estonia “has no time”: Existential Politics at the End of Empire Kaarel PIIRIMÄE Associate Professor in History University of Helsinki (FI) University of Tartu (EE) [email protected] Abstract This article is about the Estonian transition from the era of perestroika to the 1990s. It suggests that the Estonian national movement considered the existence of the nation to be threatened. Therefore, it used the window of opportunity presented by perestroika to take control of time and break free of the empire. This essay has the following theoretical premises. First, Estonia was not engaged in “normal politics” but in something that I will conceptualise, following the Copenhagen School, as “existential politics.” Second, the key feature of existential politics is time. I will draw on the distinction, made in the ancient Greek thought, between the gods Chronos and Kairos. By applying these concepts to Estonia, I suggest Kairos presented the opportunity to break the normal flow of time and the decay of Socialism (Chronos) in order to fight for the survival of the Estonian nation. The third starting point is Max Weber’s historical sociology, particularly his notion of “charisma,” developed in Stephen Hanson’s interpretation of the notions of time in Marxism-Leninism-Stalinism. Based on this, I will argue that Estonian elites thought they were living in extraordinary times that required the breaking of the normal flow of time, which was thought to be corroding the basis of the nation’s existence. Keywords: Notions of Time, Existential Politics, Perestroika, Estonia, Soviet Union, Social Transitions. Résumé Cet article porte sur la transition estonienne de la perestroïka aux années 1990.
    [Show full text]
  • Memory of Stalinist Purges in Modern Ukraine
    The Gordian Knot of Past and Present: Memory of Stalinist Purges in Modern Ukraine HALYNA MOKRUSHYNA Thesis submitted to the University of Ottawa in partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the PdD in Sociology School of Sociological and Anthropological Studies Faculty of Social Sciences University of Ottawa © Halyna Mokrushyna, Ottawa, Canada, 2018 ii Table of Contents Table of Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv Preface ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1: Methodology ....................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Research question ............................................................................................................................................................................ 10 Conceptual framework ................................................................................................................................................................... 15 Chapter 2: Social memory framework .........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Holodomor of 1932-33: Papers from the 75Th-Anniversary
    The Holodomor of 1932-33 Papers from the 75th-Anniversary Conference on the Ukrainian Famine-Genocide University of Toronto, November 1, 2007 THE HARRIMAN REVIEW November 2008 HARRIMAN REVIEW Volume 16, Number 2 November 2008 The Holodomor of 1932-33 Papers from the 75th-Anniversary Conference on the Ukrainian Famine-Genocide Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies (University of Alberta) Petro Jacyk Program for the Study of Ukraine (Centre for European, Russian, and Eurasian Studies, University of Toronto) Ukrainian Canadian Research and Documentation Centre, Toronto University of Toronto, November 1, 2007 Andrij Makuch, Guest Editor Frank E. Sysyn Preface 1 Mykola Riabchuk Holodomor: The Politics of Memory and Political Infi ghting in Contemporary Ukraine 3 Liudmyla Grynevych The Present State of Ukrainian Historiography on the Holodomor and Prospects for Its Development 10 Hennadii Boriak Holodomor Archives and Sources: The State of the Art 21 Iryna Matiash Archives in Russia on the Famine in Ukraine 36 Cover: “Earth” (Zemlia) by Bohdan Pevny, reproduced by permission of the Patriarch Mstyslav I Ukrainian Museum of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the USA. The Harriman Review is published quarterly by the Harriman Institute, Columbia University. Copyright © 2008 by the Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York. All rights reserved. Harriman Institute 420 West 118th Street, MC 3345, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027 Preface diaspora has played a signifi cant role in this process, the hen, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, the Ukrainian government has played an ever greater role by Ukrainian diaspora communities in the West sponsoring offi cial commemorations of the Holodomor initiated plans to commemorate the fi ftieth W and raising the issue of its recognition as a genocide by anniversary of the Great Ukrainian Famine of 1932-33, foreign governments and international organizations.
    [Show full text]
  • Estonian: Typological Studies Iv
    TARTU ÜLIKOOLI EESTI KEELE ÕPPETOOLI TOIMETISED 14 PUBLICATIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ESTONIAN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TARTU 14 ESTONIAN: TYPOLOGICAL STUDIES IV edited by Mati Erelt TARTU 2000 ESTONIAN: TYPOLOGICAL STUDIES IV TARTU ÜLIKOOLI EESTI KEELE ÕPPETOOLI TOIMETISED 14 — , i PUBLICATIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ESTONIAN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TARTU 14 ESTONIAN TYPOLOGICAL STUDIES IV edited by Mati Erelt TARTU 2000 ESTONIAN: TYPOLOGICAL STUDIES IV This work was supported by the Estonian Science Foundation, Grant No.: 3259. © University of Tartu, 2000 Printed by Bookmill CONTENTS M ati E relt On the Pro-Forms in E stonian.............................................................7 Külli Habicht Grammaticalization of Adpositions in Old Literary Estonian ... 19 Helle Metslang Reflections on the Development of a Particle in Estonian ........59 Renate Pajusalu Indefinite Determiners mingi and üks in Estonian........................87 Urmas Sutrop Basic Terms and Basic Vocabulary.......................................... 118 Ilona Tragel Usage of the Verb andma ‘to give’ in the Domain of Verbal Communication .................................. 146 Enn Veldi Estonian and English: a Lexicographer’s Point of View. I .............................................173 H aldur Õim Otse, sirge and õige: a Domain of Metaphoric Extension in Estonian........................198 ON THE PRO-FORMS IN ESTONIAN M ati E relt University of Tartu Estonian pro-forms include pronouns and pro-adverbs, but pro­ verbs are absent: prosubstantives: mina ‘I’, ise ‘oneself etc. pronouns proadjectives: niisugune ‘this kind o f etc. pronumerals: mitu 'several’ etc. proadverbs: siin ‘here’, nii ‘so’ etc. There are six kinds of pronouns in Estonian: 1) personal pronouns: m ina-m a T sina~sa 'you sg. tema­ ta ‘he/she' m eie-m e 'w e' teie~te ‘you pi.
    [Show full text]
  • Civil Resistance: an Essential Element of a Total Defense Strategy
    Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive DSpace Repository Theses and Dissertations 1. Thesis and Dissertation Collection, all items 2014-06 Civil resistance: an essential element of a total defense strategy Kuul, Margus Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/42667 Downloaded from NPS Archive: Calhoun NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS CIVIL RESISTANCE: AN ESSENTIAL ELEMENT OF A TOTAL DEFENSE STRATEGY by Margus Kuul June 2014 Thesis Advisor: Hy Rothstein Second Reader: Doowan Lee Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704–0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington, DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED June 2014 Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS CIVIL RESISTANCE: AN ESSENTIAL ELEMENT OF A TOTAL DEFENSE STRATEGY 6. AUTHOR(S) Margus Kuul 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION Naval Postgraduate School REPORT NUMBER Monterey, CA 93943-5000 9. SPONSORING /MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10.
    [Show full text]
  • Nova Science Publishers, Inc
    Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Art Director: Christopher Concannon Graphics: Elenor Kallberg and Maria Ester Hawrys Book Production: Michael Lyons, Roseann Pena, Casey Pfalzer, June Martino, Tammy Sauter, and Michelle Lalo Circulation: Irene Kwartiroff, Annette Hellinger, and Benjamin Fung Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data Vachnadze, Georgii Nikolaevich Russia’s hotbeds of tension / George N. Vachnadze p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1560721413: $59.00 1. Russia (Federation)—Ethnic relations. 2. RegionalismRussia (Federation). 3. Russia (Federation)Politics and government — 1991 I. Title. DK510.33.V33 1993 9321645 305.8’00947~dc20 CIP © 1994 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. 6080 Jericho Turnpike, Suite 207 Commack, New York 11725 Tele. 5164993103 Fax 5164993146 EMail [email protected] All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means: elec tronic, electrostatic, magnetic, tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without permission from the publishers. Printed in the United States of America TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Russia to follow the path of the USSR 1 PART ONE REGIONS THREATEN MOSCOW WITH DIVORCE URALS. Nuclear Discharges in Kyshtym Equals 24 Chernobyl Accidents 13 SIBERIA. Petrodollars Prolonged the Agony of Communism for 30 Years 25 RUSSIAN NORTH. Genocide: From Stalinist Camps to Nuclear Dumps and Testing Ranges 50 FAR EAST. In One Boat with the Japanese, Koreans, Chinese and Americans 66 PART TWO REPUBLICS WITH LITTLE IN COMMON WITH ORTHODOX CHURCH LEGACY OF COMMUNISTS AND GOLDEN HORDE BASHKORTOSTAN. Overwhelming Catastrophes 77 BURYATIA. Buddhism Revived 84 CHUVASHIA. Famous Dark Beer 90 KARELIA. Ruined Part of Finland 91 KOMI.
    [Show full text]
  • The Baltic Media World Edited by Richard Bærug
    LATVIA – ESTONIA – LITHUANIA – NORWAY – LATVIA – ESTONIA – NORWAY – LITHUANIA The Baltic Media World Edited by Richard Bærug VIDZEME – TARTU – KAUNAS – BERGEN – VIDZEME – TARTU – BERGEN – KAUNAS ICELAND FINLAND Bergen NORNORWAYWAY Oslo SWEDEN Tallinn Baltic ESESTONIATONIA RUSSIA Sea Tartu Valmiera IRELAND DENMARK LLATVIAATVIA LILITHUANIATHUANIA UNITED Kaunas KINGDOM Vilnius BELARUS NETHERLANDS GERMANY POLAND Map of Northern Europe The Baltic Media World Editor: Richard Bærug Authors: Aina¯rs Dimants, Aukse˙ Balcˇytiene˙, Hilde Arntsen, Halliki Harro-Loit, Lars Arve Røssland, Maria Golubeva, Richard Bærug Design and layout: Ilze Isaka, Zigmunds Katkovskis Language assistance: Andris Mellakauls, Ka¯rlis Streips Cover photo: Ilma¯rs Znotin¸sˇ. The studio of the news department of the Latvian public TV. Print: Fle¯ra Printing-house, Rı¯ga This publication is financially supported by the Royal Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Norway. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Royal Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Norway. Published 2005 Rı¯ga All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrival system, transmitted or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the permission in writing from the Authors. © Aina¯rs Dimants, Aukse˙ Balcˇytiene˙, Halliki Harro-Loit, Hilde Arntsen, Lars Arve Røssland, Maria Golubeva, Richard Bærug – the texts © Ilze Isaka, Zigmunds Katkovskis – the design & layout ISBN 9984-19-683-6 Contents Notes on Contributors . 3 Introduction . 5 Aukse˙ Balcˇytiene˙ . 8 About Comparisons Within the Media Lars Arve Røssland . 14 Accountability Systems and Media Ethics: Landscapes and Limits Halliki Harro-Loit and Aukse˙ Balcˇytiene˙ .
    [Show full text]
  • Nataliia Levchuk, Tetiana Boriak, Oleh Wolowyna, Omelian Rudnytskyi, Alla Kovbasiuk
    Nataliia Levchuk, Tetiana Boriak, Oleh Wolowyna, Omelian Rudnytskyi, Alla Kovbasiuk “Urban and Rural Population Losses in Ukraine as a Result of the Holodomor in 1932–34: New Estimates”1 The history of research on the Holodomor in Ukraine has traversed a difficult path, from total suppression of the tragedy and concealment of certain categories of archival documents, in Soviet times, to the controversial discussions and polemics of the present.2 The first works that revealed this event in Ukrainian history to the world, and to Ukraine itself, were Robert Conquest’s 1986 study3 and the proceedings of the US Congressional hearings in the late 1980s, which included eyewitness accounts and expert analysis of the “Great Famine.”4 At that time, archival documents were not available to researchers, and thus oral histories were used as the sources for this research. The subsequent publication of thousands of archival materials in Ukraine opened the way for studies based on more than oral history and fragmentary data.5 As a result, Stanislav Kulchytskyi was able to issue a series of monographs in which he produced a chronological and factual conception of the Holodomor as something distinct from the USSR-wide famine in the early 1930s.6 Heorhii Papakin investigated the use of blacklisting as an instrument of terror.7 Cultural aspects of the catastrophic famine have been chronicled by scholars Liudmyla Hrynevych,8 Vasyl Marochko, and Olha Movchan.9 Both in Ukraine and abroad, anniversaries of the Holodomor have provided an occasion to prepare publications in 1 This article was translated from the Ukrainian original, “Vtraty mis'koho i sil's'koho naselennia Ukraïny vnaslidok Holodomoru v 1932–1934 rr.: novi otsinky,” published in Ukraïns'kyi istorychnyi zhurnal [Ukrainian Historical Journal] 4 (2015): 84–112.
    [Show full text]
  • Construction of Political Communities in Ukraine During the Second World War
    Historical Politics, Legitimacy Contests, and the (Re)- Construction of Political Communities in Ukraine during the Second World War by Oleksandr Melnyk A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Historty University of Toronto © Copyright by Oleksandr Melnyk 2016 i ii Historical Politics, Legitimacy Contests, and the (Re)- Construction of Political Communities in Ukraine during the Second World War Oleksandr Melnyk Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Toronto 2016 Abstract This doctoral dissertation is a study of historical politics and legitimacy contests in Ukraine during the Second World War. By situating the operations of the Soviet state and its wartime antagonists within a broader strategic, military and political context, the study elucidates the role of historical politics in the violent processes of the building and breaking of political communities. Through a series of case studies the dissertation untangles activities of various participants in the process of information gathering and the production of knowledge about the past for the purposes of legitimation, fashioning of collective values, nation-building, and state security. It sheds light on the relationships between various actors and organizational networks within the system of Soviet historical politics; exposes structures of complicity in the Stalinist dictatorship and simultaneously maps the outer limits of its power. ii iii The dissertation also shows how the daily exercise of power by agents of the Soviet state— through public pronouncements, commemorations, state surveillance, and repression of bearers of alternative political identities-- had a tangible impact on behavior and everyday ideological iterations by thousands of historical subjects in the formerly occupied territories, be it former Ukrainian nationalist activists, local collaborators, Soviet partisans, members of intelligentsia or children that experienced the Axis occupation.
    [Show full text]
  • Charismatic Christianity and Pentecostal Churches in Estonia from a Historical Perspective
    RINGO RINGVEE Charismatic Christianity and Pentecostal churches in Estonia from a historical perspective his article focuses on the history of Pentecostal these are part of larger churches or congregational and charismatic Christianity in Estonia from the associations. However, there is also a considerable Tearly twentieth century to the early twenty-first number of independent charismatic and Pentecostal century. From the 1870s onwards a series of religious re- congregations. vivals in Estonia created the context for the emergence The largest Pentecostal church in Estonia is of the Pentecostal movement in the early twentieth cen- the Estonian Christian Pentecostal Church (Eesti tury. Proto-Pentecostalism at the beginning of the cen- Krist­­lik Nelipühi Kirik) that began its formation tury transformed into a fully-fledged Pentecostalism in in 1989. However there is also the Association of the 1920s with the involvement of foreign missionaries Esto nian Evangelical Christian Pentecostal Con- from Sweden as well as from Finland. The Finnish con- gre­­gations (Eesti Evangeeliumi Kristlaste Neli- nection became important in the late 1960s with the pühi laste Koguduste Liit), the Association of Esto- emergence of a charismatic Pentecostal revival in the nian Christian Free Churches (Eesti Kristlike evangelical Christian churches, as well as amongst the Vaba koguduste Liit, which unites the Word of Life Baptists in Tallinn. By the late 1970s the prayer revival [Elu Sõna] congregations), and several independent had transformed into a healing ministry and this had congre gations, as already mentioned. At the same an impact on the charismatic movement in the Soviet time there are congregations in the Estonian Union Union .
    [Show full text]